Stewart Mines at Bingham, Utah

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This page was last updated on February 15, 2024.

Overview

The Stewart No. 1 and No. 2 mines were located in Muddy Gulch, a branch of the Carr Fork branch of Bingham Canyon, Utah.

Although the original Stewart mine and mill were known by that name during the company's early years, newspapers soon began using the "Stewart No. 1" name in their reporting to avoid confusion with the separate Stewart No. 2 mine and mill that started up about five years after the original Stewart mine and mill.

(Research suggests that the Stewart mine, referred to occasionally as the Stewart No. 1 mine, and the Stewart No. 2 mine were two separate organizations, with separate owners and operators. They each had their own mill. Throughout the 1890s the two companies struggled in milling their ore and both turned their mines over to lessors. The two came together under Boston Consolidated ownership in 1898, allowing the Boston company to mine the ore veins in each of the two companies variety of mining claims. There is no record that the mills were ever returned to production.)

(A map dated in 1898 shows that the Stewart No. 1 mine and mill were higher in Muddy Gulch, and the western slope of the gulch. The Stewart No. 2 mine and mill were lower in Muddy Gulch, above the junction where Muddy Gulch met Carr Fork. But a review of the known mining claims in the Muddy Gulch area shows no Stewart claim on the west side of Muddy Gulch.)

"The main producer in Muddy Fork was the Stewart mine. This company was incorporated in 1878 for six hundred thousand dollars in sixty thousand shares. A ten stamp mill was erected the same year. In 1879-1880 the concern was mining a large body of low grade oxidized gold ore employing sixty four men on a ten hour shift at a wage of $2.50 to $3.00 per day. In the period between 1882 and 1896 the Stewart mine as a gold producer became the most important operation in Bingham Canyon." (George Addy, The Economic and Social History of Bingham Canyon, 1949, page 33)

"The Stewart, surveyed for patent August 1878, was prospected and gold ore was found in promising quantities in 1879. A 20-stamp mill was erected in 1882 and about 50 tons a day were reduced." (USGS, Professional Paper 38, 1905, Bingham Mining District, Utah, page 281)

"The Stewart No. 2 reduced 25 tons a day in a 10-stamp mill. These operations covered the period between 1879 and 1894. In the fall of 1894 the mill was burned, and from that time to the summer of 1897 the property was idle. In 1898 the [Boston Consolidated] consolidation was effected. Exploration has since been conducted on the Stewart group with a view to opening the shoots of sulphide copper ore at a depth on its continuation on the dip from the oxidized surface gold ores." (USGS, Professional Paper 38, 1905, Bingham Mining District, Utah, page 282)

The following comes from the U. S. Tenth Census for 1880, Volume 13, page 417.

The Stewart Mining Company was incorporated in 1878, with a capital stock of $600,000 in 60,000 shares. The company owns the following claims: Stewart, Washington, Saratoga, and Bulldozer, which are patented; Constitution, Bobtail, Apex, Mill City, Golden Crown, Phoenix, Casco, and others, not patented ; most of them are situated on a high, steep ridge which separates Main Bingham canon from Muddy fork. The Saratoga, Bulldozer, and Constitution had each 600 feet or more of drifts, shafts, and tunnels. They had been comparatively idle for two years, and had shipped little or no gold ore.

The Stewart is the principal mine of the group. It was discovered in early times, and was worked as a lead mine. About 100 tons of low-grade gold, silver, and lead ores were extracted from bodies found near the surface. In July, 1878, the mass of porous ocher-stained ore was first found to contain gold in paying quantities. The mine was developed by several tunnels, from which many drifts, cross-cuts, and winzes had been driven in exploring the body. The office map showed 3,840 feet of cuttings, but only one-half the work was said to have been plotted. Very little powder or timber was used in the mine. In one place some square sets were put in, but the ground caved to the surface, leaving a small crater-like opening. The cost of timbering alone in working these large bodies of low-grade gold ore greatly diminishes the percentage of profits. The ore was taken in the mine cars and dumped through a chute into ore bins in the company's mill in the ravine below.

The following about the Stewart (also known as the Stewart No. 1) mill comes from the 2005 EPA report on mills at Bingham.

The Stewart Mill started in 1878 when the Eagan and Bates 10 stamp mill was removed from Bingham Canyon and erected at the Stewart mine. Ten additional stamps were added in 1879 bringing capacity to 50 tons of ore per day. The mill is reported to have treated over 10,000 tons of ore in 1880. Its original equipment included a Blake plaster crusher, 20 stamps, screens, self-feeders, and aprons.

The Eagan and Bates mill was in main Bingham Canyon. It was a 10 stamp mill which was dismantled in 1878 and moved to the Stewart mine. It may have had amalgamation facilities. It originally processed lead-silver ores from the Old Telegraph and Jordan mines and had a capacity of 100 tons per day. The Eagan and Bates mill operated at its original location between 1877 and 1878 during which time it milled 20,000 tons of lead-silver-gold ore. In its new location at the Stewart [Stewart No. 1] mine, this same mill was later also known as the Hazelgrove and Mullett mill in 1879 to 1886, and the Clark mill in 1884. [These later names are based on incomplete Kennecott records referenced in 1994.]

Sanborn maps for the area, starting in 1890 do not show the facility. The mill was located in Muddy Gulch (also known as Muddy Fork).

Boutwell [1905] indicates that the 20 stamp mill was erected in 1882 with a capacity of 50 tons per day. Boutwell also suggests that this process was a failure due to loss of gold in tailings through imperfect amalgamation. Kennecott reported that cyanide treatment was added in 1893, but abandoned later in 1893. The mill burned in 1895.

Kennecott reports that during the operation of this mill from 1878 to 1895, the mill processed 80,000 tons of lead-zinc-gold ore. Kennecott suggests that this was also known as the Bingham Mining & Milling mill and the New England Gold and Copper mill and was also the site of the Bingham New England mill from 1904 to 1913.

In 1901, the New England Gold and Copper Mining Company constructed another mill at the Stewart Mine which operated until 1913 to process lead-silver-gold ore. It operated intermittently from 1904 to sometime after 1913. Mining of the "old" New England Mine continued until after 1925. After Bingham Metals Company purchased the mill in 1925, the mill is referred to as the Bingham-New England mill. However, there is no reference to milling after 1925.

The following about the Stewart No. 2 mill comes from the 2005 EPA report on mills at Bingham.

The Stewart No. 2 Mill was a ten-stamp mill erected in 1882 at the Stewart No. 2 mine.

The 1885 U. S. Census reported that in 1879, the Bevan Mining Co. owned a 10 stamp gold mill serving the gold mines around the Stewart No. 2 mine. The mill ran in intervals in 1879 crushing 1500 tons. The Bevan Mill was located 3/4 mile from the Stewart #2 Mine on Carr Fork.

The mill is reported to have burned in 1894. The property was acquired by the Boston Consolidated Mining Company in 1897.

According to Boutwell [1905] the mill was rebuilt in 1898 by Bevan and was operated by Bevan until July 1898. Sanborn maps indicate that the mill was being operated by the Bevan Mining and Milling Company in 1898. Its period of operation would appear to be from 1882 to sometime after 1898. The Stewart No. 2 mill was processing 25 tons per day with a 10 stamp mill between 1879 and 1894.

The Stewart No. 2 Mill does not appear in the 1902 Sanborn maps for the area.

Timeline

September 20, 1878
First mention of the Stewart mine. "The Stewart mine is promising to be the mine of Bingham; there appears to be no end of ore. It is rumored that R. D. Clark is appointed superintendent, Charles Moore has been assigned the position of assayer. Should this mine realize the suppositions of the owners, it will prove very beneficial to that portion of the canyon." (Salt Lake Tribune, September 20, 1878)

October 10, 1878
"The twenty-stamp mill now being put up on the Stewart mine, Bingham, will begin to crush within fourteen days." (Salt Lake Tribune, October 10, 1878)

October 31, 1879
There was a reference to both the Stewart No. 1 and Stewart No. 2 mines as being among the top gold producers in Bingham. (Salt Lake Tribune, October 31, 1879)

January 8, 1880
"The Stewart Gold Mine No. 1, Bingham, shipped down a gold bar, the first of the week, the value of which has not yet been ascertained." (Salt Lake Herald, January 8, 1880)

March 29, 1881
It was reported that the Stewart mine had been sold to an English company, for a reported $1.5 million, which was remarked as being an "exorbitant" amount. (Salt Lake Herald, March 30, 1881, "yesterday")

The same newspaper news item as the above sale, reported that the Stewart No. 2 mill, a newly erected ten-stamp mill, would begin production as soon as the snow was cleared away.

(The above mentioned sale was apparently just a rumor, and both the Stewart No. 1 mine and mill, and the Stewart No. 2 mine and mill were reported in mid May 1881 as being in production with a small work force and plenty of ore "in sight.")

February 13, 1885
In a long news item, it was noted that the Nast mine was in Muddy Gulch, just above the Stewart No. 1 mine, and on the opposite side of the gulch. (Salt Lake Tribune, February 13, 1885)

April 28, 1888
The articles of incorporation for the Bingham Mining Company were filed with the Salt Lake County clerk. (Salt Lake Herald, April 29, 1888, "yesterday")

... organized for the purpose of conducting a mining, milling and smelting business within the Territory of Utah. The capital stock is placed at $20,000, divided into 200 shares of the par value of $100 each, which is subscribed for as follows:

Orange J. Salisbury (85 shares); Edward D. Egan (50); W. C. Staines (30); James Glendinning (25); John A. Marshall (10)

William C. Staines was named as president, James Glendinning as vice-president, and O. J. Salisbury as secretary and treasurer, who, with the other stockholders, form the board of directors.

(As early as 1879, there was a Bingham Mining company located in the Black Hills mining district in South Dakota. References to this company continued through to 1884.)

The Bingham Mining Company took a lease on the Stewart mine on April 27, 1888. (Salt Lake Herald, November 6, 1891)

April 1, 1890
D. D. Fowler (of Colorado) was reported as having purchased the Stewart group of mines from the Bingham Mining Company. The purchase included undivided half interest in the Highland Boy, American Girl, Scrub Oak and Bonham claims, all bearing silver and gold. Fowler also purchased the Stewart mill site, the Stewart mill and machinery, and associated water rights. (Salt Lake Times, April 1, 1890)

(The above sale in April 1890 may not have actually taken place, since the Bingham Mining company was still in full control of the Highland Boy and Stewart properties as late as 1894.)

January 6, 1891
"The Stewart No. 2, also up Carr Fork, has closed down the mill on account of the freezing of pipes, etc., causing too much trouble, and the mill will remain idle until it can again be started and run steady. Mr. Snell, the superintendent, says the process he uses saves 80 per cent of the gold. The mill has ten stamps and with that ore is capable of crushing twenty-five tons per day." (Salt Lake Tribune, January 6, 1891)

March to September 1891
The Stewart No. 1 mine was noted in mid March 1891 as working a newly discovered silver-lead ore vein, and that its mill was to be modified to work the new ore, instead of its previous gold ores. The mill was remodeled and the processing of silver-lead ore began on September 1, 1891. (Salt Lake Tribune, March 18, 1891; August 16, 1891)

June 19, 1891
The Stewart No. 2 mine was noted as being in the hands of the Bevan Gold Mining and Milling Company, embracing seven claims: Stewart No. 2, Ingersoll, Stewart Extension, Peabody, Millsite, Millsite Extension, and Wedge, aggregating about 18 or 20 acres. Most of the development has been in the Stewart No. 2. The ten stamp mill is located on the creek, and was started about two weeks ago. The mill is an old one built many years ago, and only partially remodeled. The mine is developed by a tunnel run in from a side gulch at a point 600 or 700 feet above the mill. This tunnel is 600 feet and has a number of branches and crosscuts. P. A. Snell is the manager. This property was idle for several years. (Salt Lake Tribune, June 19, 1891)

September 1891 to October 1892
The newly remodeled Stewart No. 2 mill was to be started on September 12th. The changes were to be able to process low-grade gold ore, but success in developing the needed process continued to evade the company until late December. By late January 1892, the remodeled mill was in limited production, and by early May 1892 there were reports that the experimental process was showing great success, with large scale production to begin soon. By early October 1892, the changes to the Stewart No. 2 mill were completed and the engineer in charge had returned to Butte, but the mill was still not in full production. The changes were to add the cyanide process to the mill, replacing the previous amalgamation process. (Salt Lake Herald, September 6, 1891; December 27, 1891; January 31, 1892; Salt Lake Tribune, May 3, 1892; October 2, 1892; November 20, 1892)

November 6, 1891
The Bingham Mining company, as the lessee of the Stewart mine and mill, sued the adjacent Nast and Mill City mining companies for damages caused by the Nast company dumping its waste rock so as to impede the flow of the creek in Muddy Gulch, thereby flooding the Stewart mill and its machinery, causing $10,000 in damages. The two companies had made an agreement in three years before, in March 1888, that allowed the adjacent company to dump its waste rock on Stewart ground, as long as the waste dump did not come within 180 feet of the Stewart mill. (Salt Lake Herald, November 6, 1891)

(This action in 1891, and the agreement in 1888, shows that the Stewart mine and mill, and the Nast mine were active in those time periods.)

(The Nast mine remained as a separate operation and later became part of the Bingham Metals group. The Bingham Metals company's Nast mine remained in operation until 1930 when its surface facilities were moved from the site higher in Muddy Gulch, just above Utah Copper's 'L' Dump Line and bridge, down to the Armstrong tunnel, and the underground workings connected to allow continued shipment of ore from the Bingham Metals property. The site higher in Muddy Gulch was turned over to Utah Copper to allow expansion of its waste rock surface dumps. Utah Copper had already filled in the lower parts of Muddy Gulch below its 'L' level by 1928, with the Bingham Metals site resting atop the waste dumps.)

April 23, 1894
"Quite a valuable gold brick was made recently at the Stewart No. 1 mill from a lot of ore from the Highland Boy mine." (Salt Lake Herald Republican, April 23, 1894)

August 19, 1894
"The Stewart No. 2 people have secured a lease on the Highland Boy, where a strong body of ore is said to have been developed, and are now constructing a wagon road which will give easier access to the Stewart No. 2 mill." (Salt Lake Tribune, August 19, 1894)

October 26, 1894
The Highland Boy mining claim was leased by the Stewart Mining company to the Bingham Mining company. (Salt Lake Tribune, October 26, 1894)

November 7, 1894
The stockholders of the Stewart Mining Company were called to a special meeting to decide if the lease on the Highland Boy mine was to be leased to the Bingham Mining Company, with an option to purchase before April 27, 1895. At the same time, the stockholders were to decide if their company should give the Bingham Mining Company a similar lease and option to purchase the Stewart Mining Company itself with all of its claims and property. (Salt Lake Tribune, November 1, 1894)

January 21, 1895
"Carr Fork, with the exception of the Stewart No. 1, is nearly a dead mining center at the present time, says the Bingham Bulletin. The Stewart has sufficient ore blocked out to insure a full-handed. run for the winter." (Salt Lake Herald, January 21, 1895)

May 14, 1895
The Stewart mill [Stewart No. 1] burned, causing $30,000 in damages. Of the total damages, one-third ($10,000) was covered by insurance, but the settlement was just over $8,100. An independent adjuster estimated the loss at $12,760 instead of the reported $30,000 needed to replace all damaged buildings and machinery. The mine and mill were under a lease at the time, with the mill being shut down due to extensive repairs. The owners and leasers were in meetings to determine the best course of action, and to determine fault. (Salt Lake Herald, May 15, 1895; June 7, 1895)

"The mill was closed down for extensive repairs and its loss will be a severe blow to both the leasers, Messrs. Dickson, Egan and Glendinning, and the Stewart Mining company, owner of Stewart No. 1 mine and other properties being developed with the aid of the plant." (Salt Lake Herald, May 15, 1895)

June 30, 1895
George D. Haven and his Cane Springs Consolidated mining company held a bond and lease of the Stewart No. 2 mine. He was working with associates in Montana who had developed a new method of concentrating gold ore. (Salt Lake Herald, June 30, 1895)

July 10, 1895
"For the past few days the members of the Bevan Mining company, owners of that piece of gold property, Stewart No. 2, in Bingham, and Joseph H. Clark, of Montana, and associates have been figuring on the details of the deal which means the leasing and bonding of the property named, and this afternoon their signatures will be attached to the legal documents and the transfer will be made." (Salt Lake Herald, July 10, 1895)

September 15, 1895
By the end of July 1895, all of the machinery for a new process from the Alsing mill in Butte had been moved to the Stewart site with installation to commence immediately. The mill was placed into experimental operation in mid August 1895. By mid September 1895, Clark found that his process would not work for the ore coming from the Stewart mine, and gave up his lease. The equipment newly installed in the Stewart mill was to moved to Idaho to try it on gold ores located there from mines owned by Clark. (Salt Lake Tribune, July 29, 1895; Salt Lake Herald, August 19, 1895; September 15, 1895)

September 29, 1895
"George D. Haven, principal stockholder of the Bevan Mining company, owner of the Stewart No. 2 group in Bingham, is firm in the belief that he has the proper method of treating the ores from the properties. It is his intention to give the process a trial. The Stewart No. 2 has not been diminished in the least by the failure of the Butte parties to secure values from the ores with their new fangled machinery." The Alsing machinery was still at Bingham but it was expected to be removed to Idaho very soon. Haven stated that he would first leach the ore for the purpose of obtaining the very fine gold in solution. The course metal would be caught in either a regular stamp battery or in Crawford mills. The trouble with the Alsing mill was that it pulverized the ore so fine that the gold pulp was lost in the sluice before the gold metal could be caught on the plates. (Salt Lake Herald, September 29, 1895)

January 1, 1896
"The Stewart No. 1 kept running and milling up to about May 20th, 1895, when as the lessees were on the eve of giving up the property, the mill, assay office, house, stable, etc., were destroyed by fire, completely wiping out the entire plant. What the future of the mine is to be is not known." (Salt Lake Tribune, January 1, 1896)

"The Stewart No. 2 practically laid idle the entire year, there being no further life around the property beyond experiments made by Mr. Clark on portions of the ground where some fair copper ore was found. It is understood the property is to be pretty fairly exploited, and this may change it from old to copper producer." (Salt Lake Tribune, January 1, 1896)

May 14, 1896
For the month of April 1896, the Stewart No. 2 mine shipped 50 tons of gold ore, by way of Standish & Jimpson's freighting company. (Intermountain Mining Review, May 14, 1896)

(This would have been "smelting ore" that did not require reduction or concentration at the company's own mill, and would have returned only medium value.)

October 3, 1896
The Stewart Mining Company, and James Campbell, each sold their interests in the Highland Boy mine and group of mining claims to Thomas Weir. The Stewart company for $10,000, and Campbell for $27,500.

On the same day, Thomas Weir sold his interest in the Stewart and Highland Boy mines to Samuel Newhouse. In addition to the Stewart and Highland Boy properties, Weir also sold to Newhouse other adjacent and nearby properties. The sellers were a wide variety of owners that Weir brought together. These owners had been fighting amongst themselves and Weir offered them a solution in which everyone was happy and made money. Newhouse immediately announced that his company would drive a new tunnel "at the bottom of the hill" that would connect all of the properties, as well as a new power house and electrical plant.

October 3, 1896
Samuel Newhouse and his associates paid $200,000 for a group of ten mining claims located at the top of Carr Fork. The mining claims included the Highland Boy, the Griffin, the Henry M., the Nina Fraction, the Omaha, the Larena, the Christina, the Larsen, the Annex Fraction, and the Hillside claims. The purchase also included the mill site of the Hillside claim, as well as the Hillside's water rights. The sellers (the Stewart Mining company, and James Campbell) accepted $37,500 for their interests in the Highland Boy mine. During 1895, Thomas Weir had found the previous owners of the various claims fighting among themselves, and determined to bring all of their interests into a single company, after bringing the potential of the combined properties to the attention of Newhouse. Newhouse and his associates announced that they would build a cyanide mill of 200 tons per day capacity. On October 6, 1896, Thomas Weir took the position of manager of the new combined properties. (Salt Lake Tribune, October 4, 1896, "yesterday"; October 6, 1896, "today")

October 6, 1896
On this day, Thomas Weir accepted the offer to manage Newhouse's new properties in Carr Fork in Bingham Canyon, consisting of the Highland Boy mine and nine adjoining claims, all in what was known as the "Bingham Gold Belt." His management of the property also took effect on the same day. The new mill and tunnel will take at least ten days to decide on their exact location. (Salt Lake Tribune, October 6, 1896; Intermountain Mining Review, October 8, 1896)

October 27, 1897
"Stewart No. 2 Patent Survey -- Since the recent deal by which the control of the Stewart No. 2 at Bingham passed from the hands of Thomas Weir and others of the Highland Boy, the surveyor has made his appearance on the ground and lines are now being run preliminary to the filing of an application for patent. This having been done and the patent acquired, it is learned that the balance of the money be dealt out to Mr. Haven and his associates. The thorough prospecting of the ground is not to be delayed, however, already squads of men are puncturing the ground that has at times been productive of some very high grade ore, the gold values, according report being exceptionally high. What amount is involved in the transaction could not be ascertained." (Salt Lake Tribune, October 27, 1897)

October 27, 1897
There were rumors that the Weir group had also "succeeded in tying up the Stewart No. 1 that has so frequently been before the public, and which at one time was productive of a very nice quality gold-bearing ore." (Salt Lake Tribune, October 27, 1897)

(The above item was the last reference in available online newspapers to the Stewart No. 1 mine)

December 30, 1897
"A transfer of Stewart No. 2, group of 40 acres on Carr Fork, Bingham, is just completed. The tract was owned by the Bevan Mining company, whose shares were practically all owned by George D. Haven. A. J. Bettles is the purchaser of record." (Salt Lake Herald, December 30, 1897)

December 30, 1897
The following comes from the December 30, 1897 issue of the Salt Lake Herald newspaper.

The Stewart No. Two -- Valuable Bingham Property Purchased By Weir and Newhouse. -- Bingham, the "Old Reliable." is to the front with another deal of importance being nothing less than the of the Old Stewart No. 2 group of mines to an eastern syndicate, represented by Messrs. Thomas Weir and Sam Newhouse, of the Highland Boy, a short distance up Carr Fork gulch from this new acquisition.

The Stewart No. 2. embracing a group of six claims, was owned by the Bevan Mining company, of which George D. Haven was the largest stockholder, and chief beneficiary in the deal.

The bond on the property, which was held by F. B. Cook, who promoted the deal, was for $50,000, and it is understood that the payment has been made and the purchasers are now in possession, and that active work has been begun in the development of the property, in which magnificent bodies of low-grade ore are exposed, which are susceptible to the cyanide process of reduction.

In fact, the property, in its mineral deposits, as far as gold values are concerned, is almost a counterpart of the Highland Boy. and it is stated that as soon as more ore is blocked in its workings it is more than likely that another mill will be added to the list of reduction works of the camp, and that cyanides will be coming into the Salt Lake samplers galore from the district within a year from now.

April 14, 1898
In October 1897, Weir and Newhouse and a group of investor associates (different than the group that purchased the Highland Boy properties) bought a group of 61 claims comprising the properties along the eastern slope of Muddy Fork, and east and northeast of the junction of Muddy Gulch and Carr Fork, about 1/4 mile down-canyon from the Highland Boy group. In November 1898 this group of claims would become the Boston Consolidated group. (Salt Lake Herald, April 14, 1898)

The above item described the group of properties purchased by Weir and Newhouse in October 1897 and included the names of the following 61 mining claims (in alphabetical order), plus the Stewart mill site.

Aetna B., Apex, Bellum, Ben Hur, Bobbie B., Bobtail, Bonham, Bruce, Bulldozer, Champion, Chicago Fire, Constitution, Copper Center, December, Dollie B., Domingo, Eclipse, Edison, Fannie Lee, Flyer, Fraction, Frank, Golden Crown, Highland Girl, Hopeful, Jane, Jubilee, Lassie, Lochiel, La Grippe, Metropolitan, Madge, Marion, Mascot, Midget, Mill City, Monte Carlo, National Greenback, Nick of the Woods, O. K., Olive, Pactolus, Parker, Parma, Peabody, Phoenix, Phora, Rochester, Roman, Saratoga, Scrub Oak, Stewart, Stewart No. 2, Sunset Placer, Washington, X-rays, Zephyr, plus four other claims.

"These claims," continued Mr. Weir, "form a solid and unbroken group, two-thirds of which are patented, and embrace within their environments an extension of the Highland Boy ledge to the northeast. They were not purchased because of their productiveness in the past, although the Stewarts have something of a record in this direction, but for the reason that in our opinion this ground is but a duplication of what we have shown to exist in the Highland Boy, and we feel that by systematic and intelligent development we can transform the group into a paying mine equal in value and productiveness to the Highland Boy, but it will take time and the expenditure of large sums of money, which will not be stinted in its development."

"Already we have been hard at work in the driving of two tunnels, cross-cutting the formation for the ledge. These tunnels are being run in on the Stewart group on the Carr Fork side of the mountain. One of them, which we call the Campbell tunnel, is now in a distance of 500 feet, while the other, which has been christened the Armstrong, is into the hill 400 feet, so you see that we mean business, and to facilitate operations two water wheels have been installed in the gulch, one for each tunnel, and these are now furnishing power for the blowers with which to keep the air pure in both workings."

(This is the first mention of the Armstrong tunnel, as well as the last mention of the Stewart No. 2 mine.)

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