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Yosemite Mine and Mill at Bingham

This page was last updated on November 5, 2026.

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Yosemite Mining & Milling Company

(This research focuses on the Yosemite location and name that later became an important part of the history of upper Bingham Canyon, on the ridge between Copperfield and Lark.)

The Yosemite mine and mill were located a short distance south and east from the pass at the top of Yosemite Gulch, which extended down the eastern slope of East Mountain, on the east side of Bingham Canyon. At its top, Yosemite Gulch joined Copper Gulch (the location of the Dalton & Lark mine) and became the low pass between the Salt Lake Valley and Bingham Canyon. Proceeding down the western slope from the pass toward Bingham, brings you directly to Upper Bingham and the town of Copperfield.

The USGS map of Bingham in 1900 shows a road directly between the Yosemite mine, across the low ridge west to the Telegraph mine in Bear Gulch on the Bingham side of the pass.

Employees of Kennecott from the mid 1960s will recall the large truck shops that were built at the summit of Yosemite pass, located midway between the mine levels and the truck dumps on the east side.

The Yosemite mine was one of the earliest mines to be located at Bingham, on January 3, 1866. In 1870, renewed activity at Bingham was being spurred on by the coming of the railroad in 1869. "In 1881 the mines of that locality were growing factors, and in 1884 the Brooklyn, Lead, and Yosemite mines, all situated in an area of deep oxidation, headed the list of Bingham producers. An epoch of successful argentiferous lead mining now ensued and a steady output from the large properties, augmented by that from a great number of small ones, was maintained until the early nineties. In 1891 and 1892, among 21 producing mines, the Old Jordan and Galena, Brooklyn, Highland, Telegraph, York, Petro, and Yosemite were the leading producers. From 1893 dates the decline of many silver-producing camps. The acts of the governor-general of India closing the Indian mints to the free coinage of silver (June 26, 1893) and of the United States Congress repealing the clause which provided for the purchase by the Government of the United States of 4,500,000 fine ounces of silver a month, naturally dealt a serious blow to the silver-mining industry and thus to Bingham Canyon." (Economic Geology of Bingham Mining District, Professional Paper 38, USGS, 1905, page 84-85)

(Research suggests that the original Yosemite Mining & Milling company no longer existed after 1899. This original Yosemite Mining & Milling company dated back to the mid 1880s under Col. M. M. Kaighn's ownership, and was the company that went bankrupt in late 1891 due to a claim dispute. This original property was sold at auction in July 1893.)

There was also a Yosemite No. 2 mine, wich was not connected either physically nor nu common ownership with what was known as the Yosemite No. 1, the subject mine of this page.

(Read more about the Yosemte No. 2 mine)

Timeline

September 23, 1871
"The Yosemite mine, owned by Messrs. May & Merrill, has a shaft sunk on it to the depth of 196 feet. They have a clearly-defined fissure vein four feet in width, filled with ore assaying about sixty per cent. lead, and from twenty to thirty ounces of silver per ton." (Kansas City Times, September 23, 1871)

("Isaac N. Merrill, an old soldier of General Connor's command, for twenty-six years a resident of Bingham [since 1865], a discoverer of the well-known Yosemite mine [Yosemite No. 1], and at one time Recorder of the West Mountain Mining District, died yesterday morning, March 11, 1891, at the Yosemite mine, aged about 67 years." -- Salt Lake Tribune, March 12, 1891) (Also known as "Ren" Merrill)

February 28, 1874
"The Yosemite Mine. - Is developed by an incline shaft 200 feet deep. From the bottom of the incline a drift has been run on the line of the ledge forty feet, showing a vein of ore six feet and three inches in thickness. One hundred feet from the surface another drift has been run in thirty feet. Another incline 275 feet has been run on the vein a distance of eighty feet; a drift has been run from this incline, disclosing a vein of ore four feet and a half thick. A tunnel has been run on the ledge at right angles with the inclines, disclosing a vein of ore five feet thick. The ledge can be traced on the surface for over a mile, and is considered a true fissure vein. The character of the ore is carbonate and sulphurets of lead, assaying from twenty-five to thirty ounces in silver, and from forty to seventy per cent lead to the ton." (Utah Mining Gazette, February 28, 1874)

June 1, 1876
"The Yosemite Mine. The main shaft is about 470 feet deep, with four levels running each way from the main shaft, a distance of from 300 to 550 feet. The body of ore ranges from one foot to five feet in thickness, and assays about thirty-five dollars to the ton. With the present developments of the mine a force could be placed at work sufficient to produce an hundred tons of ore per day. Mr. Nesbit has introduced an improved method of furnishing the mine with pure air, and it has given complete satisfaction to the miners. By means of pipes and fans the impure air is extracted from the mine, and of course pure air takes its place. After a shot is fired in any of tunnels, it only requires a very few seconds to clear it entirely of the smoke and other disagreeable effects produced. They run at present two ten hour shifts and are working forty men." (Utah Evening Mail, June 1, 1876)

(With the mine producing $3,500 per day [about $108,000 today], it can be seen that the Yosemite was known as one of the great producers at Bingham, right from the early years.)

December 10, 1877
"Dec. 10, 1877. Colonel Wm. M. Johns, the owner and manager of the Yosemite mine, in Bingham Canyon, died last night at the Townsend House." (The Inter-Ocean [Chicago], December 17, 1877)

April 17, 1878
The following comes from the April 17, 1878 issue of the Salt Lake Tribune:

(View an illustration of a horse whim; used to hoist ore from a mine using one horse power.)

April 4, 1879
"Three hundred tons of ore were shipped from the Yosemite mine during the month ending March 31st." (Salt Lake Tribune, April 4, 1879)

September 26, 1879
"On the eastern slope of this [Oquirrh] range, and on the top of the hill at Butterfield Canyon, is the Yosemite Mine. In this the shaft is down 667 feet, with levels alternately at every 100 feet down to 400, which lower level is driven in 1,200 feet. Each of these levels displays ore. The mine is in active operation, employing at this time twenty men. Twenty thousand tons of ore have been taken out, and the amount in sight would more than double that. The ore is fine smelting, having sufficient iron to flux. It is lead-bearing, averaging 58 per cent lead, and running from thirteen to eighteen ounces of silver. The lead more than pays the expense of mining and transportation. It is within seventy feet of the old Telegraph, which is on the other side of the range, and which has recently been sold to a company in Paris for $3,000,000. The Yosemite has been profitable from the grass-roots down; and, with its large reserves and well-defined run of excellent ore, promises rich harvests to come." (Chicago Tribune, September 26, 1879)

July 31, 1881
Among the producers in Baningham Canyon were the "Yosemite Belt, Second East Extension Yosemite, First East Extension Yosemite, Yosemite, First Western Extension Yosemite." (Salt Lake Herald, July 31, 1881)

(Research suggests that the Yosemite and First Western Extension Yosemite were the properties of the Yosemite Mining and Milling company [on this page], and were the more southern of the two groups of claims. The Yosemite Belt, First East and Second East extensions were operated under the name of the Yosmite No. 2 Mining Company.)

August 3, 1881
Summary of a lengthy article about the Yosemite mine in the Salt Lake Herald, August 3, 1881.

Located 200 feet north of the Old Telegraph mine in Utah, the Yosemite Mine property comprises two patented claims covering 2,400 feet along a true fissure vein. The eastern workings feature quartzite and limestone walls, while the western side consists of quartzite, shale, and porphyry. Since 1871, 25,000 tons of ore have yielded $750,000 net profits, with shipments averaging 250 tons per month ranging from 65–70 percent lead and 15–18 oz silver per ton.

• Main Incline: Sunk nearly 400 feet with a track and man-way, following a pay streak averaging 2.5 feet (expanding up to 8–10 feet) carrying lead (35–75 percent) and silver (14–20 oz/ton).
• 50-Foot Level: Features a 100-foot east drift (3 ft wide high-grade lead) and a 100-foot west drift (4–5 ft wide with higher silver).
• 100-Foot Level: West drift extends 600 feet on a 4-to-10-foot vein. East drift extends nearly 500 feet on a 4-foot vein (60–70 percent lead, 20 oz silver) with connected stopes producing 200–400 tons/month. A 50-foot winze from the west drift connects to a 180-foot drift and stopes.
• 170-Foot Level: West drift extends 700 feet on a 3-to-8-foot vein; east drift extends 100 feet on a 3-foot vein (70 percent lead, 15 oz silver).
• Lower Level: Opens 100 feet deeper with a 400-foot east drift (4-1/2-foot vein) and a 100-foot west drift (3-1/2-foot vein). A 50-foot winze off the west drift leads to 20-foot east/west drifts on a 4-foot vein (74 percent lead, 18 oz silver).
• Dumps: Hold 1,000 tons of concentrating ore (24–35 percent lead, 12–14 oz silver).
• 220-Foot Incline: Located 600 feet south, following a 3-foot vein (70 percent lead, 15 oz silver) with levels at 100 feet (20-foot east drift, 50-foot west drift).
• 400-Foot Tunnel: Located 300 feet west, targeting a 4-to-6-foot vein (65 percent lead, 18 oz silver). Stoped 500 feet from the entry (yielding 250–300 tons/month for 8 months) with an upper level (200-foot east drift, 100-foot west drift), an air shaft, and upper drifts at 120 feet (50-foot drift) and 250 feet (100-foot drift).
• Equipment & Water: Equipped with a 40-hp hoisting engine, 45-hp boiler, wire cable, T-rail tracks throughout, and an internal freshwater spring piped to the mine, office, and lunching-house, feeding directly into a mill site via short tramway.
• Yosemite First West Extension: Features a 150-foot incline on a 4-foot vein (50 percent lead, 20–30 oz silver) with 30-foot west and 40-foot east drifts. The group includes the 700-foot Hydaspes tunnel, surface prospect holes, an open cut showing gold and silver, and a mill site.

1884
"In 1884 the Brooklyn, Lead, and Yosemite mines, all situated in an area of deep oxidation, headed the list of Bingham producers. (Economic Geology of Bingham Mining District, Professional Paper 38, USGS, 1905, page 85)

February 1, 1885
"The Yosemite. The mine has never looked better for five years than it does at present, and the regular output of 250 tons per month will be even exceeded for the month of January. Thirty men are now employed, Mr. John Beveridge being superintendent." (Salt Lake Herald, February 1, 1885)

October 6, 1885
From the Salt Lake Evening Democrat, October 6, 1885.

(Col. M. M. Kaighn became owner and manager of the Yosemite in about March 1885.)

December 25, 1886
"The Yosemite. - This property, owned by Col. M. M. Kaighn, consists of six claims, embracing 2,400 feet on the vein with an average width of surface ground of 300 feet. There are between four and five miles of underground workings in the property. The lowest depth is 600 feet. The plant consists of ordinary hoisting works and two complete concentrators, one at the mine and the other in Butterfield Canyon, one and one-third miles distant. The capacity of the first is seventy tons per day and that of the second, 100 tons. Both first and second-class ore is conveyed from the mine by Hallidie wire tramways, the capacity of which is eight to ten tons an hour, and the cost of which does not exceed 15 cents per ton. The ore bins are located at Mill No. 2. The D. & R. G. Railroad Co. has surveyed and staked a line to Mill No. 2, and expects to build the five miles of track to connect in the coming spring. The output of the Yosemite to January 1st, 1886, was a little over $1,300,000 [about $46 million today]. For the twelve months of 1886 the production will reach 4,250 tons, the average assay of which is 53 per cent. and a fraction in lead, 15-1/2 ounces silver and 1 ounce gold. Worked at its full capacity 500 tons a month can be turned out. The ore brought from $28 to $30 on this market, so that the production for the year 1886 would reach about $125,000. The average force employed at the mine during the year has been 80 men. The average pay roll for the year, $7,000 a month. The mine looks better than ever at present and as the work progresses downward the ore bodies change from carbonate to galena, but they increase in size and run higher in silver." (Salt Lake Herald, December 25, 1886)

April 1, 1887
The Yosemite group included the Yosemite, the Yosemite West Extension, the Hydaspes, the Gibraltar, and the Grenada claims. (Salt Lake Democrat, April 1, 1887)

December 25, 1887
"The Yosemite -- This property consists of a group of six full claims taking up 2400 feet on the course of the vein and embracing thirty acres of mining ground. It is joined on the west by the Old Telegraph group of mines, on the east by Yosemite No. 2, and on the south by the Brooklyn Lead Company's properties. It is owned by a corporation, Yosemite Mining and Milling Company, of which Col. M. M. Kaighn is president and principal stock holder. The property has a very complete plant, consisting of steam hoisting works, the usual officers and buildings and two wet concentrating mills, in which ore that is not good enough for shipment is concentrated. There are over five miles of underground workings, and a very large body of galena ore is developed and blocked out, assaying 60 per cent lead and 20 ounces silver. Estimates of experts of first class ore in sight vary from 15,000 to 25,000 tons. During the depression in the price of lead ores in this market, this mine while prosecuting development work, suspended shipments of ore, and did not send a pound to market from May to October. Prior to May, shipments averaged 300 tons per month, and since October 300 to 400 tons per month. The aggregate amount marketed for the year was nearly 2,000 tons of an average value of $24 per ton." (Salt Lake Herald, December 25, 1887)

(In June 1888, the Yosemite mine, the second largest lead-silver mine in Utah, closed due to the low price of lead. The closure was projected to last for at least two to three weeks.)

(Read more about the collapse of the lead markets in 1887-1888)

(In reality, the mine closed, especially at its lower levels, due to increasing water problems. The reactivation of the property in 1909 told of the real reason: "The property was worked through an inclined shaft to the depth of 450 feet. Pumps were installed, but at the depth of 800 feet the flow had become so strong that it was regarded no longer an attractive project. Arriving at that conclusion was aided by the ore on the lower levels having changed to copper-iron sulphides. Even though the copper contents is relatively high, the penalty imposed by smelters in those days upon copper ore was so great as to render mining it unprofitable. With the pulling of the pumps from the mine it filled with water, in which condition it remained until within the last few weeks. And so frequent are the changes of personnel of workers in mining camps that the new owners were unable to find anyone who could remember just what was the condition of the old Yosemite workings when they were abandoned." -- Salt Lake Herald, July 1, 1910)

(All work in the Yosemite mine after 1888 was by leasers, continuing to the time that it was consolidated with the Dalton & Lark group in 1899, which in-turn was taken over in 1901 by the newly organized Bingham Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company, which was a reorganized Bingham Copper and Gold Mining Company.)

March 11, 1891
"Isaac N. Merrill, an old soldier of General Connor's command, for twenty-six years a resident of Bingham [since 1865], a discoverer of the well-known Yosemite mine [Yosemite No. 1], and at one time Recorder of the West Mountain Mining District, died yesterday morning, March 11, 1891, at the Yosemite mine, aged about 67 years." (Salt Lake Tribune, March 12, 1891) (Also known as "Ren Merrill)

Worked by Leasers

June 21, 1891
Work at the Yosemite No. 1 mine was taking place only in the West Extension. No work had been done for two years in the in the mine below the hoisting level, including in the incline tunnel, which had reached a depth of 800 feet. (Salt Lake Tribune, June 21, 1891)

August 31, 1891
"The Lead Mine tramway has been extended past the Brooklyn mine up to the Yosemite mine No. 1. Hereafter all Yosemite ore and freight will go by the tramway to the Lead Mill station, and from there be shipped over Rio Grande Western Railroad." (Salt Lake Tribune, August 31, 1891)

December 17, 1891
"A Judgment To Be Satisfied." In the important mining case of Joseph E. Galigher, George M. Scott and W. H. Remington vs. the Yosemite Mining & Milling Company, Judge Anderson on yesterday [December 17] issued a decree ordering much of the mining property in controversy be sold at public auction to satisfy the principal, interest and costs of suit and expense of sale by the United States Marshal. The properties authorized to be sold are the Yosemite mine, the Yosemite mill site, the Hydaspes mine (all patented), the first west extension of the Yosemite mine, the Gibraltar mine, the Granada mine, the concentrating mill known as mill No. 1, also, mill No. 2 in Butterfield canyon, and all other buildings, machinery, etc., now in possession of the Yosemite Mining & Milling Company. (Salt Lake Tribune, December 18, 1891)

(Based on numerous newspaper advertisements in the April 1890 period, the law suit had its start when the Yosemite company contracted with the Scott & Remington company to extend the Yosemite No. 1 mine incline tunnel down a further 100 feet, with Scott & Remington requesting bids in April 1890 for the actual work to be completed. Other research found that the Yosemite company took a loan from a James Anderson for $3500 to pay for the improvements, and Anderson assigned collection of the loan to Scott and Remington.)

(The Utah Supreme Court affirmed the lower court's decision on January 29, 1894, in the case of Galigher, Scott and Remington v. the Yosemite Mining & Milling company, that the plaintiffs were entitled to sue the mining company to recover the value of the note. The suit concerned a promissory note in the amount of $3,500 given to James Anderson by the mining company, and which Anderson had assigned to Scott and Remington. This was just one of many local results of the collapse of the global silver markets, with the Yosemite mine being a major producer of both lead and silver)

(Joseph E. Galigher, 1855-1931, became involved in Utah's mining industry in the early 1870s, spending those early years in the Park City mines, including serving as superintendent of the Ontario mine, then the Marsac mill. He moved to Salt Lake City and became assistant manager and later manager of the George M. Scott Hardware company, a position he kept until 1901 when he and an associate formed the Utah Mining & Machinery company which later became the Galigher Company.)

(Read more about Joseph E. Galigher and his Galigher Company)

(George Montgomery Scott (1835–1915) was a prominent 19th-century Salt Lake City merchant, mining outfitter, and politician who served as the first non-Mormon mayor of Salt Lake City from 1890 to 1892. After a brief start in mining operations in California, Scott moved to the Utah Territory in 1871 during the mining boom in the Wasatch and Oquirrh ranges. He established George M. Scott & Company, a heavy hardware and mining supply firm in Salt Lake City. The business became a major regional supplier for mining operations, heavy hardware, and machinery across the Great Basin. In 1888, the firm constructed the Scott Building on the east side of Main Street between 1st and 2nd South. Scott was one of the original founders of the Salt Lake Chamber of Commerce in 1887.)

(William H. Remington was a leading merchant, jobber, and labor contractor in the Intermountain West. His business operations were deeply tied to the mining industry of Utah, Nevada, Idaho, and Wyoming in the 1880s and later. Remington operated specialized hardware, iron, stove, and mining supply houses that provided critical machinery, tools, and industrial goods required by silver, gold, and lead-metal mining operations. Salt Lake City served as the primary wholesale distribution and jobbing center for the mining districts throughout Utah and Nevada. Remington capitalized on this by positioning his mercantile and wholesale businesses to supply the mining camps across the region with heavy hardware, tools, and provisions. Beyond direct equipment supply, Remington's extensive labor contracting operations helped build the railroad mainlines and branches essential for transporting mining ores, machinery, and supplies in and out of isolated districts.)

December 24, 1892
The Yosemite No. 1 and Yosemite No. 2 mines were under "virtually" the same management, with Ed Egan as superintendent of both. (Salt Lake Herald, December 24, 1892)

July 11, 1893
Due to various legal delays the Marshall's sale of the Yosemite No. 1 did not take place until July 11, 1893. The sale included the Yosemite mine, the Yosemite mill site, the Hydaspes mine, the First West Extension of the Yosemite mine, the Gibraltar mine, and the Grenada mine, together with the Yosemite mill No. 1, the Yosemite concentrating mill No. 2 in Butterfield canyon, together with the boarding house, the eight-room private house, the blacksmith shop, the general and assay offices, the ore bins, ore scales, and the ground on which all the above is situated, along with a Hallidie wire rope tramway 1-1/3 miles long that extends from the mine to the No. 2 mill. (Salt Lake Tribune, June 22 1893)

November 5, 1894
P. A. H. Franklin was reported in the Bingham Bulletin as having purchased the Yosemite No. 1 mine. By late December 1894, Franklin has a force of 12 men doing development work in the mine. Shipments of first-class (smelting) ore resumed in January 1895. (Salt Lake Tribune, November 5, 1894, with similar additional news items in the Salt Lake Herald on November 11th and 12th; Salt Lake Herald, December 24, 1894; January 11, 1895)

(Franklin's activity was in the form of a lease and an option to purchase the mine if he was able to develop the mine and begin shipping profitable ore. The pumps and hoist were restarted in late May 1895. Beginning in July 1895, the mine was shipping second class (milling) ore to the Lead Mill, which had been restarted for that purpose. - Salt Lake Herald, April 28, 1895; May 21, 1895)

(The company that the Yosemite No. 1 mine was being worked under was Franklin's New Tintic Mining & Smelting Company, which he had incorporated in April 1892. - Deseret News, April 22, 1892)

June 3, 1895
"For the past two weeks two surveying parties have been at work for the purpose of a tunnel to tap the Dalton, Lark, Lead Mine, Yosemite No. 2, and all surrounding country." (Salt Lake Herald, June 3, 1895)

September 10, 1895
By September 1895, P. A. H. Franklin had become general manager of the Yosemite No. 1 mine, and had held that position for nine months. (Deseret Evening News, September 10, 1895)

January 1, 1896
From the Salt Lake Tribune, January 1, 1896.

(Shipments of both first class smelting ore, and second class concentrates continued from Franklin's Yosemite mine throughout late 1895 and early 1896. Fifty men were employed at the Yosemite mine and at the Revere mill.)

February 28, 1896
A fire destroyed the Revere mill, which was where Franklin's New Tintic Mining company was concentrating the ore from the Yosemite No. 1 mine. The fire caused $115,000 in damage. (Salt Lake Herald, March 1, 1896; Salt Lake Tribune, March 1, 1896)

(After the fire, the Yosemite mine was only shipping first class smelting ore, pending the mill being rebuilt. Also, the New Tintic Mining company became inactive and any ore being shipped from the Yosemite mine was only by leasers.)

(Also after the mill fire, Franklin "retired" as manager of the Yosemite No. 1 mine and moved to Montana.)

April 8, 1896
"The Golden Opportunity Mining company filed articles of incorporation in the County Clerk's office yesterday. The incorporators are George F. Secor, W. C. Hall, J. H. Woodman, H. G. Heffron, Ray Van Cott and P. S. Sowers. The capital stock is fixed at $1,000,000, divided into 1,000,000 shares of the par value of $1, all of which are taken. The officers are J. H. Heffron, president; P. S. Sowers, vice-president; W. C. Hall, secretary and treasurer. The company will operate the Yosemite mine and millsite and other claims, which are transferred to it by George M. Scott & Co. and Remington, Johnson & Co." (Salt Lake Tribune, April 8, 1896)

(The Golden Opportunity company leased parts of the Yosemite mine but only shipped limited amounts of paying ore.)

(The George M. Scott & Co. was the largest hardware and mining supply store in Salt Lake City, and was forced into bankruptcy by the collapse of the silver mines in Utah, and the unpaid debt carried from the various mining companies. The company held a full undivided half-interest in the Yosemite Mine & Milling company. That half interest was sold to E. H. Airis during 1899. The hardware company was reorganized as the George M. Scott-Strevell Hardware Company, with the collapse of the prior George M. Scott company resulting in Salt Lake Hardware becoming the largest hardware and mining equipment supplier.)

(In November 1896, Col. M. M. Kaighn was shown as still being the owner of the Yosemite No. 1 mine, with any activity, including Franklin's, having been under various leases. - Deseret News, November 16, 1896)

May 3, 1899
The owners of the Yosemite mine at Bingham were considering a bond to a group of eastern investors. The current owners of the mine included A. Hanauer and J. E. Bamberger. With the mine having been inactive "for the past two years or so, and being worked by leasers only," it was Bamberger who gave information that the boilers and machinery at the mine were being made ready for renewed operation. (Salt Lake Herald, May 3, 1899, morning newspaper)

May 3, 1899
"It is reported that the deal for the Yosemite mine at Bingham has been called off." (Deseret News, May 3, 1899, evening newspaper)

(Research suggests that there was a "New Yosemite Mine" in business and shipping ore by October 1899. The mine was located next to the Dalton & Lark mine. This was likely a leased operation of the Yosemite No. 2 mine.)

December 31, 1899
The Yosemite mine was noted as having passed to new ownership during 1899. (Salt Lake Herald, December 31, 1899)

(After the above note, there is no further reference to the Yosemite No. 1 mine.)

(Later references to the Yosemite mine are to its deep incline tunnel being connected still deeper, an additional 1200 feet, to the Mascotte Tunnel. References also combine the Yosemite ore vein with the adjacent Lark and Brooklyn veins at depth.)

(In August 1909, the Bingham Mines Company in association with others, organized a new Yosemite Mines Company to work the inactive Yosemite and Cluster groups, through the inactive Paradox Tunnel, located near the transfer station of the U. S. Mine's aerial tram at the mouth of Galena Gulch. The new company was to ship its ore through the Mascotte Tunnel.)

(Read more about the new Yosemite Mines Company)

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