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Historical Notes On Mill Sites In Bingham District

This page was last updated on August 20, 2024.

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by Steve Richardson

(November 14, 1995; AllMills0.rtf)

Metals Production for Bingham District

1865-1917 Lists yearly production of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc from the district. (USGS PP111 p.345-346)

1903-1917 Listings of tons, concentrate tons, metal values for siliceous, copper, lead, copper-lead, zinc. Also lists mines producing each type of ore. (USGS PP111 p.343)

General Notes

1849
"The first settlers located at different points along the Jordan River 'and irrigated their gardens and farms from Bingham Creek and the Jordan River but the country Westward from the river remained uninhabited being used mainly as herd ground until the North Jordan, the South Jordan and the Utah and Salt Lake canals were constructed (1877).'" (Water Records Index, Vol.2, LDS Church Archives, Salt Lake Stake, Granger Ward (3375), Ward Manuscript History.)

1850
"[In the summer of 1849 Harker's Settlement] again pulled up stakes and settled farther south on the bend in the river where Big Cottonwood Creek flowed from the east into the larger stream. This was known as Fields' Bottom. Water was taken from Bingham Creek and the eight families managed to bring off a small joint crop but the task of solving irrigation problems was too monumental for so few." (The Taylorsville Story, Luise Putcamp, UHS PAM 7620)

1863
"The Mormon leaders and people had for some years previously assured themselves of the existence of mineral deposits in the mountain ranges which traverse the country from north to south; but the isolated situation of the Mormon settlement, and its great distance from all sources of supply, compelled the inhabitants to give their undivided attention to agriculture and to such manufactures as the exigencies of their situation required.... The fact that mineral deposits abounded soon became known to the [Fort Douglas] command and military, and permission was from time to time obtained by squads of the men to go into the mountains and prospect. It was on one of these exploring expeditions that Captain A. Heitz and party made the first discovery of argentiferous galena in Bingham Canyon. One Ogilvie, and some others, located the mine as the 'West Jordan,' Sept. 17th, 1863.... But little work was done on the new discovery until the following spring. In the interim two other ledges had been located namely, the 'Galena' mine, January 26th, 1864, and the 'Empire,' February 6th, 1864, both contiguous to the original discovery." (Murphy, Mineral Resources of the Territory of Utah, 1872 p.1-2)

1863
"In 1863 A. Heitz and Ogilvie found galena in Bingham Canyon. It is quite certain that this was not the first time that it was found there, for it is said that in early days the Mormons used to knock the galena off from the outcrop and melt it into lead in forges. Ogilvie, however, sent some of the ore to General Connor at Fort Douglas and he assayed it, finding that it was good. Connor made up a party of officers and ladies from camp and went out and located the mine, calling it the Jordan. Shortly afterward he drew up mining laws and held a meeting of miners at Gardner's mill on the Jordan River. These laws were adopted and Bishop Gardner elected recorder of the first mining district in Utah, called West Mountain." (Marcus E. Jones, U.S. Treasury Dept., Internal Commerce of the United States, 1890? p.884)

1863
"Several versions exist as to the first discovery of argentiferous galena at Bingham Canyon, about twenty-five miles southwest of Salt Lake City. Two early authorities, John R. Murphy, who says General Connor furnished him data on the discovery, and E.D. Buel, both agree that the discovery was made by Captain A. Heitz and a party of soldiers. Stenhouse claims the initial discovery was made by Mrs. Robert K. Reid, wife of the camp surgeon, while on a picnic party from Camp Douglas. Tullidge states: 'Ogilvie [George B.], in logging in the canyon, found a piece of ore which he sent to Colonel Connor, who had it assayed. Finding it to be good ore, Connor organized a party of officers and ladies of his camp and went over and located the mine -- the Jordan.' Edgar M. Ledyard, whose research on the subject has been extensive, has discovered another possibility. Says he: 'According to Mr. Henry Byram Beckstead [who was working in the canyon at the time], a nephew of Mr. [Samuel] Egbert, it was John Egbert, a son of Samuel Egbert, who uncovered the galena ore in Bingham Canyon while dragging logs there in September, 1863." (Rogers, Fred B., Soldiers of the Overland, 1938 p.110-111)

1863
"Many valuable discoveries of argentiferous galena were made [at Bingham.] An excitement sprang up, and explorations, developments, and experimental tests in smelting followed each other in quick succession. An extensive tunnel, the first of the sort in Utah, was started to intersect the Jordan mine, from a lower level in the Canyon, and similar work, by shafts and inclines was started on many other of the newly discovered mines...." (Murphy, Mineral Resources of the Territory of Utah, 1872 p.14)

1864
"Early in 1864 free gold was discovered in the gravel banks of Bingham Canyon by a party of California miners. In the spring of 1865 gravel washing was actively pursued in the vicinity and by 1871 the district had produced about $1,000,000 in placer gold. The placer industry gradually died and it has been many years since any placer operations of importance have been carried on in the canyon." (The History of Smelting in Utah, by Leichter and Adamson, p.6)

1865
"In the spring of 1865 gravel washing began in earnest and it is estimated that up to the year 1870, over $2,000,000 in gold values was recovered from the gravels. Placer mining has continued ever since in the canyon." (The Western Monthly Nov 1909 p.14)

1868
"In 1868 and 1869 I found no mines in productive operation excepting the placers of Bingham Canyon, which were worked on a small scale, and are said to have yielded during the past three years between $600,000 and $1,000,000." (Statistics of Mines and Mining, Commissioner of Mining Statistics, 1872 p.218)

1869
"Some placer mining has been done in this district; but owing to the scarcity of water, it could not be successfully followed except in the early part of the season, when the melting snow furnished plenty of water. The bed rock lies very deep; in most places 75 feet below the surface. A bed-rock flume, 400 feet in length, has been constructed, but it did not reach bed rock, and the parties will have to start further down the valley and go over the same ground again. The placers yield about $5 per day to the head." (Statistics of Mines and Mining, Commissioner of Mining Statistics, 1870 p.320)

1870
"West Mountain mining district, of which Bingham Canyon and its tributaries form the chief feature, is situated about twenty-five miles southwest of Salt Lake City, on the eastern slope of the Oquirrh range of mountains. Bingham Canyon has been noted for some years as the only locality in Utah Territory where placer-mining has prospered. Over $600,000 worth of gold dust has been sold to the bankers and merchants of Salt Lake City from this camp within the last three years. When the sums carried away and otherwise disposed of by the miners are taken into account in making up an estimate, the sum-total of the yield in gold dust from Bingham Canyon placer for the last three years will not fall far short of $1,000,000. Messrs. Taylor & Woodman have entered into contracts with the owners of near three miles of the gulch-claims of this Canyon, to put on the necessary engines and pumps for the prospecting and working the bed-rock of the main gulch, which lies from 80 to 100 feet below the surface. The best-informed parties think that the gulch bed-rock of Bingham Canyon will prove equally as rich as 'Alder Gulch' of Montana. Messrs. Taylor & Woodman have imported and have now on the ground a twenty-horse engine and the necessary pumping apparatus for exploring the mysteries of Bingham Canyon Gulch. Messrs. Heaton, Campbell & Co. are now working the bed-rock of this gulch, near the mouth of Carr Fork, which they have reached, after two years' labor and the expenditure of $15,000, by a long drain-tunnel. They inform me that they are averaging $12 per day to the hand, notwithstanding the imperfect manner in which they are at present obliged to work their ground. They have not, as yet, run any side-drifts, and at present raise all their dirt by a windlass worked by two men. When we take into consideration the fact that from the 'pay-dirt' excavated by one drifter enough gold is washed to pay six hands $12 per day each, or a total of $72, abundant evidence is given that the gulch of Bingham is very rich in gold." (Statistics of Mines and Mining, Commissioner of Mining Statistics, 1872 p.219-220)

1870
"Little was done in this district, beyond prospecting and locating claims on ledges and deposits, until the summer of 1870. Early in the fall of that year, the first really efficient and practical work towards the development of the mines of this district, was commenced by Messrs. Bristol and Daggett, on the 'Spanish' and 'Winamuck' mines. Col. D.E. Buel followed soon after, and purchased for Buel and Bateman, a group of mines of some nine locations, now known as the property of Utah S.M. Co., Limited." (Murphy, Mineral Resources of the Territory of Utah, 1872 p.1-2)

1871
"Placer gold has been found and worked for in the lower parts of Bingham Canyon for the past four or five years. The claims are numerous, and much work has been done. Costly preparations have been made during the past summer to reach the bed of the old channel under a considerable depth of earth and gravel. At Mason M. Hill's claim, located in the Canyon, two miles above its mouth, expensive machinery for hoisting and pumping has been erected. In October last the shaft was about 80 feet deep, but the progress of the work was retarded by the great influx of water, which the Cornish pumps, then erected in the shaft, could not master. In November, however, Mr. Hill procured a compound propeller pump, Shaw patent, of a capacity of 1,000 gallons per minute, from Philadelphia, and by this means it was expected that he would be able to continue sinking his shaft, and reach bed-rock. Heretofore the only claims worked in the Canyon had been the bars on the hill-sides, and in several instances old river-channels on top of some of the spurs coming down to the main Canyon. These have generally paid very well, and in some cases extraordinarily large strikes have been made. During the last season a company of foreigners, Italians and Spaniards, were reported as having been especially successful. They had taken out of their claim, which is located on the top of a considerable hill close to Bingham City, over $50,000, over $100,000 of which is last year's product. The gravel in Bingham is little washed, and consists mostly of angular fragments of quartzite. The supply of water in the Canyon is insufficient, except in the early spring, when the melting snows furnish an adequate supply for the hydraulics and sluices for a few months. Bed-rock in the lower part of the Canyon has never been reached, and, in view of this, Mr. Hill's enterprise is of great moment to the future of the placer-mining interest." (Statistics of Mines and Mining, Commissioner of Mining Statistics, 1873 p.315-316)

1872
"West Mountain mining district, in Bingham Canyon, the only district in Utah, I believe , where placer-gold is found, is reported to have yielded about $100,000 of gold during the year." (Statistics of Mines and Mining, Commissioner of Mining Statistics, 1873 p.251-252)

1872
"Free gold was discovered in Bingham in 1864, by a party of old Californians, who, returning from Montana, to pass the winter in Salt Lake City, prospected the Canyon in the early part of that year. It was not, however, before the spring of 1865 that much work was done in washing for that mineral. From 1865 to the present time, the placers of this Canyon have paid good wages regularly, and in some few instances the claims have proved very rich. The total value of the yield in gold dust from this camp is estimated at about $1,000,000." (Murphy, Mineral Resources of the Territory of Utah, 1872 p.3)

1873
"Pans of dirt have readily yielded forty-two cents in gold to the pan. It is now felt by the [Young America Mining and Tunnel Company] that the 'placer diggings' of Bingham Canyon are an assured success. The gold is coarse in its character, of the denomination known as shot gold, and occasionally quartz gold -- which is very easily saved -- is found. There is no adhesion to pebbles, and mercury immediately absorbs the metal." (Mar 18 1873 (Salt Lake Tribune) LDS Church Archives, MS 8413, p.28)

1873
"In 1872 the product in gold from Bingham was nearly $90,000, but in 1873 it fell off to about $24,000; this may be taken as an indication of a giving out of the Placer mines at Bingham Canyon." (Fabian, Statistics Concerning the Territory of Utah for the years 1872-1873 p.8)

1873
"Dressing works were erected at Bingham Canyon, inaugurating a system of preliminary treatment of the ore that furnished to the smelters an improved class of smelting material. In general the smelting industry in Utah continued to be characterized by bad metallurgical practice, save at the Germania works [in Sandy], which were better managed than the others...." (Wegg Thesis, p.318)

1874
"During the week we have had the pleasure of examining the model of a new and simple form of concentrator, designed by Mr. P.J. Mitchell, of Bingham Canyon, for the treatment of low grade ores in that canyon, and for which he has applied for a patent. The invention is extremely simple, being that of a practical man, who has had twenty years experience as superintendent of iron and silver lead mines in the Lake Superior country, and who throughly understands the existing necessity for cheap machinery, in order to utilise the low grade ores of the country. It consists of a frame work of timber within which is inserted a vat or hopper, enclosing a jigger resting on springs. At the bottom of the vat or hopper openings are made which are operated by suitable valves through which the contents are discharged into a large receiver placed beneath. In front and below the discharge of the receiver, a car is placed, which receives a lateral motion from shafts and cams, which also operate the jigger, by a vertical tilting motion, simultaneously with the car. The ore being placed in the jigger, water is introduced into the hopper by suitable pipes. When motion is imparted the ores pass through a sieve and valve openings at the bottom of the hopper to the receiver beneath, from whence they are conveyed by an inclined trough to the car, the lateral motion of which, deposits the ore, leaving the foreign matter to be carried away by the current. Mr. Mitchell claims to have made some very satisfactory experiments, and is preparing to demonstrate the practicability and usefulness of his jig, by building some on a working scale. In a few weeks we expect to illustrate the invention and give a more detailed description of its construction." (Utah Mining Gazette, Jan 24 1874 p.172 (LDS Church Library)

1874
"Captain Mitchell is engaged in the erection of his patent concentrating works just behind Spanish Hill. The machinery will be ready for work shortly." (Utah Mining Gazette, Jun 6 1874 p.325)

1874
"The concentrating works of Capt. Mitchell, at Bingham Canyon, the first of the kind erected since the patent has been issued, are now completed, and that after a trial of one set of the machinery yesterday, the results were highly satisfactory....

"Ore from dump 9.95 per cent lead, 4.37 ounces silver.

"Cleaned by jiggers 44.80 per cent lead, 13.12 ounces silver.

"Cleaned by ties 60.95 per cent lead, 15.08 ounces silver.

"Both 2 and 3 being results of treatment of No. 1. The prepared ore, No. 2, as taken from the jiggers is coarse ore, galena and carbonates; the prepared, No. 3, is fine ore that has passed through the sieves at the bottom of the jiggers, to the ties, and consists also of galena and of carbonates. The works are owned by Mitchell, Buzzo & Co. I think it will be interesting to you to visit the works at your earliest convenience." (Utah Mining Gazette Jun 27 1874 p.348)

1874
"There are besides three different concentrating works on the principle commonly known as the 'wet process,' one at the Utah.

Silver Mining Company's works, of especially good construction for the reduction of galena ores, another belonging to Messrs. Carson & Buzzo for carbonates and the last for copper ores, belonging to Messrs. Clark, Maguire & Shear." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1875)

1874
"The only drawback to the introduction of dressing-works in the district is the scarcity of water, the water-courses in the upper portion of the canyon being sufficient for the supply of small works only, while the ore-supply would require several very large establishments. These will eventually, no doubt, be located on the Jordan River, in the Salt Lake Valley, the Bingham Canyon Narrow-Gauge Railroad furnishing cheap transportation." (Statistics of Mines and Mining, Commissioner of Mining Statistics, 1875 p.348)

1874
"There was a noteworthy increase in the number of dressing works in the Bingham district." (Wegg Thesis, p.318)

1875
"The bulk of shipments for the past year fall below that of 1874; but owing to a more extensive use of Mitchell's concentrating appliance we have sent off nothing but high grade ores, keeping waste at home. Thus it is that our returns greatly exceed those of previous years." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1876)

1875
"Three companies at Bear Gulch took out between six and seven thousand dollars worth of gold dust. The amount taken out by the Chinese and Italians cannot be ascertained, but from our merchant's books, we find $25,000 worth of dust was bought since last May. Two companies have been prospecting the main gulch all winter, and we may be able to chronicle a gold strike soon that will pale the Black Hills." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1876)

1875
"Bingham Canyon annually produces a little gulch-gold. The first discoverers of the gulch extracted a large amount of dust from the creek, but the bars were not deep enough to last long, and are now but little worked. The amount extracted in 1875 did not exceed $30,000. Several companies have been at work in Bear Creek, and some Chinamen have been busy in the main gulch." (Statistics of Mines and Mining, Commissioner of Mining Statistics, 1877 p.275)

1876
"All the claims between Pete Clay's ground and Bear Gulch are being worked with encouraging results. Pete, who has applied for a patent, is now working and washing every day. George Crowley says his ground pays well. Bageby & Co. work the ground next to Crowley, and Eldridge & Co. are sluicing the bar above. Next is May & Merril's, for which a patent has been secured. The ground from May's upper line to the bridge at Bingham town is owned by McGuire, Mayberry, McGrath, Gibbons, Smith and Webb, who started a bed-rock tunnel the 20th of September, 1875. The tunnel is in 1,400 feet, is now being run in moderately hard gravel at the rate of about eight feet in twenty-four hours. Madairs[?], Toole & Co., are at work on the claim above, which was tapped years ago by the Heston[?] Tunnel, and are taking out nice nuggets, and lots of them. Bergan, Deegan & Casey have commenced work on the ground south of the postoffice. But one might as well try to 'pump' a Chinaman as find out what the Italians are doing." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1877)

1876-77
"Leaching commenced; continued for two and one-half years." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.408)

1877
"Placer mining is yielding better than ever before in this camp. New claims are being taken up and old ones that had long been abandoned are being worked again. Messrs. Watson & Ireland are putting up hoisting and pumping machinery on their claim near Dry Fork. The Bed-Rock Tunnel still progresses, and the indefatigable owners have been washing out considerable gold during the year. Nobody knows what the Italians are doing, though they are evidently finding plenty of good pay dirt." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1878)

1877
"The first stamp-mill was erected in 1877; this was followed by seven or eight mills of five to twenty stamps, or with Huntingtons, built at various times, up to 1896. Most of these mills were not operated extensively, as it was found impossible to make a close saving of the gold by amalgamation." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 24 1909 p.129)

1879
"The gulches in this district have been successfully worked for eight or nine years past as placer diggings, and it is estimated that $1,500,000 have been washed out during that time. But the great mines of this famous camp were especially noted for the immense deposits of silver-lead ore, although most of them carried more or less gold. Many of the miners supposed that the mother vein of gold from which the placers were supplied, existed higher up near the summit of the Oquirrh range and above the galena and carbonate ores, and that some lucky prospector would eventually uncover the fountain from which the yellow stream descended." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1880)

1880
"The immense depth of snow in the mountains has proved a great detriment to the development of numerous mines, and as a result, many are idle that under ordinary circumstances would be at work. It will ultimately prove a blessing to those who contemplate concentrating ore in the spring by providing them with abundance of water." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 14 1880 p.123)

1880
"The Argonaut Hydraulic Mining Company in this Canyon has a full head of water in a large gravel-bank above the town of Bingham, and claims to be doing well. It will not clean up until the water supply is exhausted, which will be in July." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 22 1880 p.353)

1880
"The old dump at the Winnemuck & Dixon is worked over by leasers, who last year cleared $15,000." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 10 1880 p.22)

1880
"Placer mining is still carried on in the camp. Only one claim, however, is working in the gulch -- the Bedrock Tunnel. This claim has been worked for the past five years, it requiring nearly four years to reach the pay gravel, since which time the claim has been worked with profit. A new working shaft has been lately sunk which greatly facilitates the workings. The Argonaut company worked their hydraulic claim while water lasted. The Italians still continue to pile up the auriferous gravel, but it is impossible to find out just what they are doing. The only estimate that can be made on the placer product of the camp is by the yearly shipment of dust, or the amount shipped for the year, which is about $25,000." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1881)

1880
"...about 20 hand and water power Cornish jigs, which are worked irregularly during the summer months by the owners of the smaller mines." (DUP)

1880
"Below the place where the copper belt [railroad] crosses the Canyon, the water which runs or percolates along the bed-rock contains a small percentage of blue and green vitriol in solution, resulting from the oxidation of copper and iron pyrites. In placer mining fragments and nuggets of copper are found, especially in alluvial soil and among partially decayed twigs and roots, where organic matter has precipitated it. So strongly is the water impregnated with this metal that picks and shovels immersed in it instantly become reddened from the deposit. No attempt has been made to save the very considerable quantity of copper daily running down the Canyon.... The placers of Bingham are the only profitable ones in the territory. They were discovered in 1864, though little was done until the winter of 1867-'68. From that time until 1872 and 1873 they were worked vigorously, but since then only in a small way. There are two placer-mining districts in the Canyon, the upper and the lower. Each has a recorder, and contains a limited number of claims in the bed of the ravines. About twenty men are employed during about half the year, and collect about $20,000. The gold is coarse, from half an ounce downward. One nugget, however, was found in 1878 valued at $118. The fineness averages about 0.852 gold and 0.140 silver. The total gold-dust product of the district is unknown. In 1872 Mr. M.R. Murphy estimated it at $1,000,000. Mr. B.A.M. Froisett placed it, June 30, 1874, at $1,673,265. Old residents and storekeepers estimate it from a million to a million and a half. The greater portion of the gold has been extracted in the neighborhood of the town of Bingham by drifting in benches on the side of the ravine, remnants of the old channel, from 25 to 150 feet above the present one. About 1871 or 1872 some hydraulic mining on a small scale was tried, but without success. In 1878 the Argonaut Gold Mining Company, incorporated in New York, made another attempt. They bought 160 acres having a 40- to 70-foot bank, and used 300 or 400 inches of water. They had worked about an acre and a half up to October, 1880, when they failed, having obtained but little dust. The gold is within 3 or 4 feet of bed-rock. Part of the ground was drifted on in early times, and produced over $100,000. The bed of Main Bingham Canyon is supposed to be very rich. Near the town, where the ravine is narrow and steep, two long tunnels have been run through the gravel to drain and work the bed-rock. One worked from 1870 to 1874 was 1,000 feet long. It ran up both Carr fork and Bingham, and paid well. The present one is 1,500 feet long. Every 250 feet a shaft is sunk through the 60 feet of overlying débris. The gravel drifted out is washed in sluices on the surface. The pay is found within 5 feet of the bed-rock, covered by a stratum of cement an inch or two thick. The channel here is about 60 feet wide, and though rather spotted, owing to its steep grade, has paid good wages. The Canyon below this is covered by the placer claims of the Winnamuck company; Clay & Walker, 200 by 4,700 feet; Watson & Ireland, 400 by 4,200 feet, and others. Many attempts have been made in the lower part of the Canyon to reach the bed-rock, which is supposed to be 100 feet below the surface, but the small pumps used could not control the water. A tunnel from 2,000 to 3,000 feet long will probably be necessary." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.419-420)

1883
"The placers, once so rich in this canyon, are now comparatively worked out and are lying idle, with the exception of two, which are being worked by Italians who never divulge their business to anyone. It is presumed that $5,000 or $6,000 in gold is annually taken from these mines and horded up. The Red Rock Tunnel Co. have done nothing on their ground for a number of years, and the Clays property near the mouth of the canyon is still idle. Both properties are patented." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1884)

1884
"On the east side of the road [in Main Bingham canyon] was a spring. About one hundred yards below the forks of Clarks [later known as Copper Center] gulch there was a mill. It was called Clarks mill." (W.J. Rogers letter, Sep 1928, UCC file 200-C, UU)

1885
"In the Oquirrh range in Bingham or West Mountain mining district, in which are found the only gold placers in the territory. They have been worked for many years, but necessarily on a small scale, as their area is quite limited." (Report of the Director of the Mint, 1886 p.179)

1886
"Charles W. Watson started a drain ditch at the Lead mill, just above the mouth of the canyon, in 1886, and after running 3600 feet abandoned the work on account of the enormous flow of water, without yet having reached the bedrock. The drain tunnel, however, found one of the original channels of the canyon, and out of this some splendid returns were obtained, the gravel frequently running as high as $12 per yard for many consecutive shifts, while individual pans of dirt were taken from the crevices that ran from $20 to $40 per pan. Other concerns have attempted to reach the trough of the main channel, notably the shaft sunk by A.M. Spooner, but the subterranean flow of water has always been the cause of shutting down the work at about the time the pay dirt was reached. Taken in the aggregate, there are at least fourteen miles of the main Bingham channel that have not yet been worked, and the estimate of the most conservative men who have operated in the placers of the district, is that there is a good $2,000,000 net to the mile yet lying in the Bingham channel." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, Apr 16 1896 p.4)

1887
"In July, Col. E.A. Wall, of Indiana, was riding up Bingham Canyon and noticed that there was a green discoloration of the rocks near the spring waters coming from old tunnels that had been driven into both sides of the canyon. This caused him to investigate the tunnels and to take samples of the rock. Finding an assay value of 2.4 percent copper representing some 70 feet of tunnel, he carried his investigation to the Recorder's Office and found that the claims had been abandoned, leaving large areas open for location." (HI p.2)

1887
"The output of the West Mountain district was 28,600 tons, a considerable portion of which was concentrates, produced by the concentrating mills belonging to the Brooklyn, Jordan, Spanish, and Lead mine companies, and therefore represents a far greater tonnage of ore actually mined. The greater portion of the ore mined in recent years is, in its crude state, too poor to be marketed, and must undergo 'dressing' or concentrating before attaining the quality of a merchantable commodity. In addition to that treated in the mills above named much ore is hand-jigged. The ores can be classed in about equal proportions as galena, sulphurets, and carbonates." (Report of the Director of the Mint, 1888 p.241)

1888
"The Old Channel Placer Mining Company put in a long flume and made a short run in the spring, taking out something over $10,000 before being stopped because of scarcity of water." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1889)

1890
"The ores in some of the [Bingham] mines were free milling on the surface, but all changed to lead lower down, and after the water was reached became very base. Nearly all the mines are dry, not yet having reached the water, but some of the deepest mines have passed into the base ores below the water level. The mineral bodies have increased rather than decreased the lower they have been sunk upon. The ores carry considerable silica and not much iron as a rule, and therefore require lime and iron to smelt them. Most of the iron is shipped from Tintic, and the limestone is abundant everywhere. The Jordan mine was the first discovered in Utah, having been located September 17,1863, by General Connor. The vein was 200 feet wide, and contained immense bodies of cerussite, anglesite, and galena. Next to the hanging wall was a gold stratum going $10 per ton. The first-class lead ore averaged from 40 per cent. to 45 per cent. lead. When the water was reached the ore was no longer oxidized and changed to pyrites, a base ore. The mine is developed chiefly by tunnels and is not down very deep. There are 12 tunnels; three shafts 200 feet deep. The total length of openings is 15,000 feet. In 1880 the total output to date was 87,000 tons. Since then it has gradually declined till it is now only a few hundred tons per annum. The value of the output of ore to date is about $2,500,000. There are vast quantities of ore still in the mine which the increased price of silver and lead will enable to be mined at a profit." (Marcus E. Jones, U.S. Treasury Dept., Internal Commerce of the United States, 1890? p.890)

1890
"The gold placers of Bingham are the only ones of any value in the Territory. The gold is coarse, and lies some 3 to 5 feet above the bed-rock in the main Bingham Canyon. The gold runs about .852 fine with .14 in silver. The total product has been $1,500,000. The most approved way to secure it has been to drive tunnels along the pay streak." (Marcus E. Jones, U.S. Treasury Dept., Internal Commerce of the United States, 1890? p.892)

1890
"The water of the Jordan is very impure and unwholesome for drinking, but it is excellent for irrigation.... On the western side of the valley there are few creeks flowing from the Oquirrh Mountains. The most important is Bingham Canyon Creek, which flows 1 cubic foot per second, or about that much, and empties into the Jordan near Bingham Junction. This supports a few farms near the mouth of the Canyon. One or two little streams flow from these mountains farther north, but they are of no importance. Most of the farms on the western side of the Jordan are supplied by large canals taken from the Jordan at the Narrows, just north of Utah Lake." (Marcus E. Jones, U.S. Treasury Dept., Internal Commerce of the United States, 1890? p.911)

1892
"The Rough and Ready mine recently shipped 3 carloads of concentrates." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 8 1892 p.352)

1892
"Starlus. -- This mine is yielding large amounts of ore which is not being shipped, but piled up on the dump to await the erection of tanks and other necessary machinery for treating it by the cyanide process, which will be put up about October 1st." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 15 1892 p.376)

1893
"Tiwaukee. -- A hand jig is now in operation on the low-grade ores. It would seem most doubtful whether this will pay even day's wages." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 29 1893 p.122)

1893
"Bingham Placers. -- Since the closing of many silver mines at Bingham, the miners are devoting their attention to the placers. A large number of men find profitable employment in washing out gold. One lot of gold bars valued at $800 was assayed during the week. A. Klopenstine, proprietor of the Griffin House, is sinking a placer shaft to bedrock in the hotel yard. The shaft is down 30 ft. and some excellent panning is reported." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 12 1893 p.174)

"There was greatly increased activity in placer mining in the district. Besides the two companies operating in the lower part of the canyon...there are many claims opened by men who work single handed or with associates, and during the year sunk shafts and did drifting near bedrock. All along the main gulch and far up the branches this class of work went on, many of the openings having been made by quartz miners thrown out of employment and going into placer mining in hopes of earning compensation. Some of the shafts go down twenty or thirty feet, and have pumps operated by small water wheels to enable the miners to work below. It is a laborious business to drift and take out gravel, hoist to the surface and then wash it to catch the gold in sluice boxes, and yet there are many men in Bingham clothed in rubber suits who are doing this class of work and getting good reward in some instances for their labor. The aggregate of the gold thus taken out the past year in this district could not be obtained, but it amounted to quite a good sum. Other miners are drifting into the rim along the canyon and getting ground which pays fairly well. Much of the washing is done by water heavily charged with tailings from the mills located up the gulches, and hence results are not so good as if clear water were used. Some of the placers located high up on the rim far above the bottom of the gulch were worked to the extent of using all the water their ditches furnished and with average results. The Argonaut, located almost in the center of Bingham and far above the town, with two or three men during a short season, took out a few hundred dollars in gold." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1895)

1897
"Castro Placer. -- Sluicing is in progress by two outfits on this ground, above the Old Telegraph, with fair profit, while W.F. Mitchell plans putting up an Acme Flour Gold Amalgamator, to be in operation before June 1st." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 22 1897 p.523)

1895
"Considerable excitement has been caused by the discovery of auriferous gravel in Harkers' Canon, 12 miles west of Salt Lake City." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 27 1895 p.398)

1896
"Bingham has eight mills, as follows: ... Jordan, 200 tons; Winamuck, 75 tons; Markham, 60 tons; Dalton & Lark, 50 tons; Rogers, 50 tons; Stewart No.2 (gold), 50 tons; and the Commercial, a small gold mill." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, May 14 1896 p.8)

1896
"The Bingham Bulletin gives a very complimentary write-up to a new placer machine, the device of A. McKellar of 323 South State street, which has been in operation for some time on the Hope bar in Bingham. From the description, the machine appears to be a combination of the old sluice head, with provision for mechanical amalgamation, and it is credited with being able to save the finest gold." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, May 21 1896 p.7)

1896
"One of the mediums that can be credited with the development of Bingham is the hand jig. In that camp there could be seventy or more of these machines counted that are being operated by individuals, while corporations have not in the past disdained their use. The hand jig is the best test that can be given a concentrating proposition, and should be encouraged." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, May 28 1896 p.5)

1896
"The little McKellar gold-machine while here demonstrated that it could save $15 per day to the man from dirt that would hardly pay for running through a sluice box." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, May 28 1896 p.7)

1896
"McKellar has just completed one of his gold-saving machines with increased capacity, and will set it down in Bingham if he can get dirt to wash under contract or on shares." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, Oct 22 1896 p.6)

1896
"Barkley and Jasperson are sinking on the phonograph, on Clipper hill, and getting some fine galena ore. It is an old discovery, located twenty years ago by the notorious Bill Hickman. He was attracted to it by finding a boulder of galena in the gulch below, that weighed nearly a ton." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, Oct 29 1896 p.5)

1896
"The new mill of the Henry M. group, at Bingham, is under way of construction." (Inter Mountain Industries (LDS Library) p.29)

1896
"In 1864 Peter Clays crossed the plains and located in Bingham Canyon. He built the first log cabin and was first to make a success of placer mining in the district, having up to 1867 taken $30,000 from the ground at the confluence of Carr Fork. Other miners along the canyon extracted possibly one million in dust, with but little water, and never having reached bedrock. Even up to the present but little dirt washing is being done but to prospect, most attention being given to lode mining, owing to the fact that placer is less profitable than lode mining. In the Butter shaft bedrock was found at a depth of 140 feet, and from six pannings made from 50 cents to $1.50 were found to the pan, but the flow of water is so great at this depth that work is impracticable at the present. However, the future of placer mining is full of great promise. There are yet fourteen miles of the Bingham channel that have never been worked for placers, and conservative men of wide experience in the district claim that the ground will produce $2,000,000 net to the mile. Up to date Bingham has produced about 115,000 ounces of gold, but the industry has not even started as yet. When the subterranean flow of water is once regulated the main channel and its latterals, banks and bars down to bedrock, will give up fabulous wealth." (A Hand Book on the Mines, Miners, and Minerals of Utah 1896 p.221-222)

1898
"At the time of the original examination of the Wall property in 1898 the squatters living beside the Bingham road, all had pipe lines to the numerous tunnels driven in the early days. The intake of these pipe lines had a covering of wire screens and these screens were colored green from the copper in the water. There was a spring in the center of the creek just above the location of the [1925] Utah Copper Hotel and another spring by the side of the original club house. The flow of water was small and in the evenings there was a long string of water carriers waiting their turn to fill their water buckets. The steam shovels and locomotives obtained their water from a tank at the mouth of the Teck Tunnel. This was poor engine water and limited in quantity." (History of Utah Copper, compiled by L. F. Pett, 1925 p.56)

1900
"Dalton & Devor will today begin sending down a carload of jig concentrates from their lease. Bemis & Jensen yesterday began shipping jig concentrates from their Silver Shield dump lease." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 4 Aug p.8)

1900
"The low grade of Bingham ores opens a good field for concentrators. Their composite character, however, renders it difficult to make high saving and clean tailings. Nevertheless it would seem that the low but constant tenor of copper and gold in the mineralized porphyries and the high zinc values in ore from a number of fissure veins deserve most thorough mill tests.

"The advance in methods of mining, milling, and reduction is well indicated by the lower and lower grades of ore which can be handled at a profit. Thus an experienced mining manager states that in the seventies the ore mined and reduced is said to have carried about $80, and that containing below $40 to $50 a ton was considered to be too low grade to save. In the early nineties methods had been so far improved as to enable the successful handling of $20 ore and in mining, transportation, and smelting, ore carrying values of $8 to $9 is worked, and under certain conditions a saving may be made on $6 ore." (USGS PP38 p.96)

1901
"At mills the saving in many instances does not exceed 75 per cent." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1901 Mar 4 p.9)

1902
"The treatment of ore at the Bingham, Utah, mine is as follows: The ore is quartz, iron oxide and lead carbonate; the capacity of the plant is forty tons per day; size of ore leached, mesh ¼ inch; the preliminary treatment is sodium dioxide; the strength of the cyanide solution is 0.025 to 0.125; number of hours leached, 120; one pound of cyanide is consumed to each ton of ore treated; .30 of one pound of zinc is so consumed; the ore assays one-quarter ounce per ton gold and two ounces silver; the per cent of gold extraction is 80, at a cost of $1.85 per ton." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 12 1902 p.201)

1902
"Of late years no gold has been taken from the Utah placers." (Report of the Director of the Mint, 1903 p.201)

1904
"The Deseret Evening News states that Bingham Canyon is annually handling 1,000,000 tons of ore in its mills and smelters and gives the following as the daily output in tons: Utah Consolidated 750, Utah Copper 700, Bingham Consolidated 400, United States 400, Boston Consolidated 250, Yampa 200, Ohio Copper 125, Bingham-New Haven 60, Utah-Apex 50, other producers 150, with a total of 3085." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 24 1904 p.430)

1905
"It is safe to say that this is the only mining district in the world that produces green icycles. Up at the Yampa a small flow of water seeped out of the workings and dripped down through an old ore chute, forming icycles a foot long and these icycles were a brilliant green, due to the amount of copper held in solution by the water. There are springs above Bingham containing one-tenth of one per cent copper, and metallic copper has been precipitated upon the canyon debris in layers." (Salt Lake Herald Apr 8 1905)

1905
"S. Rogers is putting in concentrating machines near the Lead mill to handle tailings in the lower part of Bingham canyon." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 3 1905 p.362)

1905
"Ed Shackelford has installed a table and jigs in Bingham Canyon and is treating the tailings from some of the plants that are located above." (Salt Lake Tribune July 25 1905)

1905
"Tailings operations along the creek below Bingham are becoming important. The largest is that of Rogers & Lerwill at Lead mill. This is equipped with a device of Rogers' invention, which consists of an endless belt and designed to treat slimes. The owners have been troubled with a shortage of water. Brooks & Locke have a plant above the [Yampa?] smelter, consisting of two tables, two jigs, canvas tables, electric motor, etc. Shackelford & Flig are putting in a plant above Lead mill. Their equipment consists of a Wilfley table, two jigs and a gasoline engine." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 5 1905 p.99)

1905
"In one fork [of Bingham Creek] at upper Bingham, and in the other fork, beyond the town limits were found eight closets, and a large and assorted lot of abandoned mattresses, old cans, rotten clothes, and a miscellaneous collection of refuse. The water was very filthy. In the town limits were found four closets, and draining into the creek were many streamlets of sink water, refuse from saloons and slops of various kinds. There was no provision for the disposition of this matter, but the town authorities promised the [State Medical] inspector that they would clean house. Closets were found in front door yards, and a large share of the population appeared to be utterly ignorant of the requirements of health." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1905 15 Sep p.2)

1905
"The New Red Wing Mining Co., of Bingham, is having some of its low-grade ore treated at a custom mill in Bingham, and is handling in this way an average of 60 tons a day." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 14 1905 p.703)

1908
"While production from Utah lead mines has been practically suspended for the time being [due to Murray smelter shutdown], many of the copper mines are being operated." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 11 1908 p.60)

1908
"Sam Robbins, who has a lease to work over the Montezuma dump, has been busy for the past two weeks in constructing a jig aside of the creek opposite the Central school house. The jig is complete in every particular and Mr. Robbins proposes to handle a big tonnage from the Markham Gulch dump. He has had several assays made and work will be started very soon. It is some little time since a contract of this character has been let and a great deal of interest is being evidenced in this phase of milling. The tonnage will be hauled in ore wagons and Mr. Robbins expects to be real busy for some time on his improvised arrangement." (Salt Lake Mining Review, May 15 1908 p.38)

1912
"Among the historic features you can observe [from the summit of West Mountain] is the old Jordan mine, the site of the first discovery of mineral, the site of the first smeltery, the first stamp mill and the first concentrating plant ever built in Utah.... It is a scene of early operations on gold ores with the remains of the old stamp mills still standing...." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Dec 30 1912 p.16)

1912
"In 1912 it was agreed to cement all the ditches bringing water into [Herriman]. This was done in the next few years. At one time the people brought water from Bingham Canyon, but it was found to contain acids which killed the crops and farm animals. It has been stated that two children became ill and died as a result of drinking this water, but it has never been conclusively proven." (Herriman Our Town 1851-1952, UHS PAM 18413)

1913
"During 1913 at the Boston Mine, water passing through the broken ore in the shrinkage stopes and dripping onto the main haulage level through the old chutes, deposited masses of pure copper on the steel rails. Believing that the copper in this water could be saved by precipitation on iron, Mr. Carnahan installed a small plant and the first shipment of precipitates was made April 28,1915. This shipment showed a net dry weight of concentrates of 19,167 pounds carrying 15,651 pounds of copper. Sometime later it was noticed that the water percolating through the railroad dumps on the Carr Fork side near the Apex Yards also carried considerable copper in solution, so precipitating launders were built at this place and the first shipment of precipitates was made on May 31,1916. Shipments from the Apex Yard Plant up to October 19,1921, amounted to 276,944 pounds, dry weight, of concentrates and carried 214,630 pounds of copper. As the dumps from which this water came were very low grade in copper values, these results called attention to the possibilities of the higher grade carbonate dumps on the east side [of the UCC open pit mine]." (History of Utah Copper, compiled by L. F. Pett, 1925 p.31)

1915
"It was early observed that coins or pieces of iron placed in these colored solutions were rapidly coated with pure copper. The first practical application of the replacement or precipitation principle at the mine was begun during 1915. This was of an experimental nature and only partially successful. The copper water was run through wooden boxes filled with heavy junk iron. Successive coats of copper were brushed from the iron and the precipitate shoveled into barrels. Recovery averaged about 40 percent with the grade of precipitates running about 30 percent copper. Yearly production, following these experiments, amounted to about 20,000 pounds per year until 1922, when recovery of copper from waste dumps became more than an experiment." (History of Mining at Utah Copper p.178)

1916
"In McGuires Gulch the first carbonates were dumped in 1907 and on January 1st,1914, there had been deposited 1,327,437 cubic yards averaging 0.79 percent copper. The waters from a spring flowing in McGuires Gulch had been used for culinary purposes, but the water became so contaminated with copper solution that on May 8,1916, there was paid to Mrs. McGuire $3000 in payment for damages and a tank and pipe lines were constructed for fire protection and the watering of the lawn. On September 13,1920, the Utah Copper Company further paid $500 to Mrs. McGuire for a release and all rights to the water. When Mr. Robbe first obtained the lease on the waters from McGuires Dump, Mrs. McGuire demanded and received $20.00 per month for the use of the water and after several months under such rental she was paid $1000 by Mr. Robbe to release all claims to the water." (History of Utah Copper, compiled by L. F. Pett, 1925 p.32)

1916
"There is a congestion of ore at the smelters in [Utah], and temporary curtailment of production has been notified to companies, especially lead-silver producers." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 24 1916 p.958)

1916
"To allow tailings to flow where they may without obstruction, is to risk the loss of any valuable metal retained. If they lodge on the lands of another, they are considered as an accretion and belong to him. If they accumulate on vacant and unappropriated public land, it has been the custom of the mining regions of the West to recognize the right of the first comer to appropriate them by proceedings analogous to the location of placer claims. The Supreme Court of Nevada ruled that, although not a mining claim within the strict meaning of the expression as generally used in this country, a 'tailing claim' is so closely analogous to it that the propriety of subjecting the acquisition and maintenance of the possession of it to the rules governing the acquisition of the right to a strictly mining claim at once suggests itself. The Land Department has recognized this possessory right and permitted entries to be made on lands containing beds of tailings, under the law applicable to placers. There are no adjudicated cases in the reports of department decisions upon this subject that have come under our observation, but we have knowledge of several instances where patents for this class of claims have been issued under the mining laws." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 1 1916 p.22)

1917
"The lead producers met late in August to discuss the request of the Government for one-fifth of the production in August, September, and October, at 8 cents per pound. A committee was appointed to investigate the probable cost of this lead in view of the high wages for labor and increasing cost of supplies.... The smelters have been so congested with lead ore that during the second week in August the American Smelting & Refining Co. requested shippers to suspend shipments for a week and then to go slowly until the congestion could be relieved." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 15 1917 p.398)

1917
"Although precipitation of copper from natural surface waters, following their percolation through overburden and dumps of waste rock, has been practiced at the Bingham property of the [Utah Copper] company since 1917, these operations, until [1928], have been on a small scale and largely of an experimental nature." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 6 1928 p.534)

1917
"A short time ago the [Salt Lake] County Assessor announced his intention of taxing the tailing-dumps of the [Utah Copper] company [near Magna], estimating that there is $68,000,000 worth of available copper in 57,000,000 tons of tailing, representing 35 to 40 percent of the original content of the ore, most of which could be recovered by flotation. If this policy of taxation is carried out it will affect many other companies in the State that have treated sulphide ores and accumulated tailing-piles containing recoverable metals." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 7 1917 p.23)

1919
"The Utah Copper Co. has filed suit in the U.S. District Court to recover $158,520, alleging that tax assessments levied by the County Assessor and tax collector on tailing from reduction mills at Garfield were made without authority of the law." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 19 1919 p.545)

1922
"[In 1922] water tunnels were driven into the gulches below dumps to collect the copper bearing water. Copper banded wood stave pipe lines lead to small plants of the wood box variety. These plants showed marked improvement and demonstrated the advisability of constructing a central plant capable of handling water from all gulches. Accelerated action which followed replacement of heavy scrap iron with thin sheets of detinned scrap iron was also demonstrated." (History of Mining at Utah Copper p.178)

1924
"The United States Supreme Court March 17 refused to grant a writ of certiorari sought by Salt Lake County, Utah, to review the decision of the lower courts in favor of the Utah Copper Co. in a suit to recover taxes, paid in 1917 and 1918 under protest, on partially reduced ores or tailing. The company alleged assessment of tailing was illegal. Though this action disposes of the writ of certiorari, there is pending an appeal in the same case by a writ of error, which will be argued some time next year." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Mar 29 1924 p.538)

1925
"Precipitating launders have now been established at the following places and filings on the water right at these places have been made: Galena Gulch; Copper Center; Main Canyon; 'A' Pit; Drain Tunnel; McGuire's Gulch; Apex Yard; Ingersol Gulch. On January 1st,1926, the total shipments of wet precipitates from all sources amounted to 3,794,679 pounds and the gross copper contents amounted to 1,989,356 pounds." (History of Utah Copper, compiled by L. F. Pett, 1925 p.32)

1925
"The Ute Copper Company owning the underground rights under the Tiewaukee Dump drove a raise to the bottom of the dump and is now drawing off the water into precipitation boxes. The legal right to this water has been awarded to the Utah Copper Company under a decision of the Supreme Court of Utah." (History of Utah Copper, compiled by L. F. Pett, 1925 p.33)

1926
"The United States Circuit Court of Appeals at St. Louis has affirmed the opinion of the trial court that Beaver County, Utah, could not tax the South Utah Mines & Smelters for a tailings dump. Values, according to the court, had already been taxed by the state, and the demand to return taxes paid thereon as personal property was affirmed." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 29 1927 p.216)

1927
"Mr. Bastian tells me that the waters of Bingham Creek were used when Taylorsville was first settled, and that later he and the people around Ft. Harriman purchased title to this water; that old man Keel bought the water right from Ft. Harriman and sold it to the Ft. Harriman Land & Livestock Company; they sold to Geo. Chandler and old man Keel, who turned it over to the Revere Land & Livestock Company. These people sold it back to the Ft. Harriman Land & Livestock Company, the people from whom Bastian bought. Ernest Wooley was mixed up in this some five or six years ago." (H.C. Goordrich to Mr. Horne, May 2 1927, UCC File 89)

1927
"From Mr. Wm. Connary, we learn that the Revere Mill was a leaching plant below Revere Station. Lead Mill, concentration mill on Lead MillSite, Lot 347B. Winnamuch had a concentration after close of smelter in 1875. Bemis Mill was just above Markham Gulch, now used as a garage. Dewey mill, same as present Red Wing. Utah Mine had small mill. Spanish had small mill. Galena had small mill. Niagara had small mill. Jordan had two mills. Stewart and Stewart No.2 tried amalgamation and cyanide. Highland Boy tried a cyanide mill during the 90's. Last Chance, New England and Apex Companies discharging tailings into Carr Fork Creek as did the Shawmut Mill. Mr. Wm. Connary has been in Bingham since 1876 and his first recollection of the creek was of yellow water. He reports that there was never a time in his recollection when the waters of Bingham Creek were suitable for irrigation. He has seen alfalfa plowed up and other crops tried without success. In places the deposits from the water used in irrigating were scraped off, but the land was unproductive regardless of the use of manure and other fertilizers. Horses died from drinking creek water but it did not affect cattle. In 1908 a survey was made of the Chandler property just above Revere Station. Numerous pits were dug to the original soil and the lead precipitates, accumulated from the use of the creek waters for irrigation, were found in the form of yellow clay and varied in depth from 2 to 6 inches. The samples from these pits were assayed and ran as high as 4-1/2 percent in lead. In summary it can be said that the natural waters of Bingham Creek always carried an excess of iron and sulphuric acid; that these two deleterious compounds were increased by waters coming from newly driven tunnels and by the washings from the placer workings and finally that the addition of lead tailings from 1873 to the present day has made these waters absolutely unfit for irrigation purposes, has poisoned the soil so that it cannot be redeemed or further damaged by the addition of other deleterious matter." (Wm. Spencer to H.C. Goodrich, July 15 1927, UCC file 89)

1928
"The Montana Bingham Consolidated Mining Company, owned by the Bingham Mines Company, Imer Pett, president and manager...has filed suit in the United States district court to restrain the Utah Copper Company from reclaiming oxidized copper carried by water from the copper company's dump into Montana Bingham ground. The plaintiff alleges that Utah Copper has stopped Montana Bingham from mining deposits valued at $500,000. The complaint states that the Utah Copper has erected a barrier and stationed guards to prevent entrance to the plaintiff's workings." (The Mining Journal Feb 15 1928 p.40)

1928
"Miscellaneous work on mill tailings. To secure data for several papers on the mineralogical composition of tailings, some time was devoted to going over reports of microscopic examination that have been made on mill tailings in the past. In general, tailings from all mill operations should be carefully studied in order to determine whether losses are due to the existence of rare or uncommon minerals in some cases or whether unknown physical characteristics of the minerals themselves may account for their presence in the tailings. Microscopic examinations conducted on tailings in the past indicate that both of the above factors are worthy of investigation and have been responsible for a material portion of the metal loss sustained in the cases studied. Under present day conditions, recoveries are higher than was formerly the case and tailing losses are relatively lower. There is yet ample cause to believe that practice might yet be improved if the minerals lost in tailings and their physical characteristics were investigated." (University of Utah Library, Special Collections Archives Acc 17 Bx 45 Apr 1928)

1931
"U.S. Smelting, Refining & Mining and Utah Copper have jointly acquired Bingham Bemis Mining claims at Bingham, Utah, from George L. Bemis, who controlled property, consisting of 240 acres, near the mouth of Bingham Canyon. Under terms of the arrangement, U.S. Smelting acquired underground rights and Utah Copper, surface rights for dumping purposes. The limestone strata, in which the large silver-lead deposits of the district are found, lie about 500 to 1,000 ft. below the old workings." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 14 1931 p.506)

1930s
"It is true that there is considerable gold in this formation here. Even as recent as 1937. During the depression, from Lower Canyon almost down to the copper precipitation plant, where it is now, there were Chinamen Placer Gold mining all the way down the canyon. There were dozens of them washing the sand and gravel for gold. Years before that, up higher on the hill in the late 1800's, there was a lot of Placer mining by Chinamen. They seem to be the ones that would do the Placer mining out here." (Morley, Clifford A., Interview Jan 14 1961, MS 232 7 Church Historian's Office, p.14-15)

1933
"Early in the spring of 1933 considerable local excitement was engendered by stories of rich placer finds at the mouth of Bingham Canyon. Numerous test pits were sunk. Several promoters and a few engineers became interested.... One of the ventures [was] started just west of the town of West Jordan, where Bingham Creek fans out upon the flats prior to entering Jordan River. Values from 50¢ to $2.00 per yard had been reported.... A washing plant, with gravity tables and sluiceways, was being installed. As was subsequently proved, not only was the plant being built upon a false premise as regards the amount of gold present, but also as regards the character of the gold itself. Had the gold been present in economic quantities, it could never have been recovered with the equipment contemplated.... The panned concentrates from this West Jordan material were found to be chiefly partially oxidized tailings from milling operations at Bingham. The gold is excessively fine grained, averaging about 400 mesh in size (and requiring approximately 7,500 'colors' to equal one cent). It is subangular and is apparently derived chiefly from the Bingham tailings." (Arthur L. Crawford Papers, University of Utah Library, Special Collections Ms 364 Bx 3 Fd 3 p.6-8)

1934
"Wagons, trucks and tents have been strewn along Bingham creek for the past few weeks and an inquiry as to why they were there elicited the information that the owners and occupants were panning gold from the dumps of certain mine workings, says the Bingham Bulletin. One outfit has a small jig machine by the use of which they are able to handle several tons of rock daily and make a profitable recovery. In the early days of the camp panning gold was a familiar scene along the lower end of the canyon, the practice has been discontinued for a number of years, however, until the depression put so many miners out of work. On account of finding employment coupled with the increased price of gold to $35.00 per ounce, placer mining has become practical." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Apr 17 1934 p.12)

1935
"Damages, alleged to total $1,341,925, are claimed by 290 plaintiffs of the Utah Copper Company for injury to crops, homes, and health caused by the dust from tailings dumps. Suit was filed recently in the Third District Court, Salt Lake City. All of the plaintiffs are residents of and about Magna, where the Utah Copper operates a flotation mill. The plaintiffs seek a restraining order to force the company to take steps to prevent the blowing of the dust from tailings dumps. Damages are asked for personal discomfort and inconvenience, pollution of the air, damage to buildings, injury to livestock, crops and shrubbery, and for alleged depreciation of market and rental and usable value of property." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 1935 p.522)

1935
"Affirming their stand that dust from the Utah Copper Company tailings dumps constitutes a public nuisance, attorneys for Thomas L. Thomas and 250 other Magna residents recently filed a brief in Judge Tillman D. Johnson's court. This is one of the closing steps in a suit to recover damages from the Utah Copper Company. The plaintiffs allege that the tailings dump is a growing menace to health and happiness. Evidence was introduced at the hearing to show that the dust invaded homes, damaged goods in stores, deterred growth of plants, and befouled the air." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 1936 p.635)

1937
"Judge Tillman D. Johnson of the Federal District Court, Salt Lake City, ruled on June 14 that the Utah Copper Company's tailings dumps at Magna do not constitute a public nuisance and denied damages of $1,341,925 sought by 275 residents of Magna and vicinity. The plaintiffs contended that the dust settled in their homes and on their crops, injuring health and business. Judge Johnson held that there is no feasible nor practical way by which the tailings may be prevented from being blown about by the wind." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 1937 p.364)

Copper Placers

1870?
"In the alluvial soil...exists a series of copper occurrences that are locally referred to as 'Copper Placers.' The word placer is, however, erroneously applied, as it implies a broken formation washed and deposited into the bed of the stream, and the deposits referred to were not so created. Instead they appear to be the result of copper in solution coming into contact with masses of carbon formed by decayed timber in the soil, which has precipitated the copper in a metallic form. The area affected is quite limited in extent, and exists on a portion of the Starlus and Amanda claims where the locations extend down into the bed of the creek. Attention was first drawn to the peculiar properties of the water in the immediate locality by the late Dr. Hickman, who constructed some ordinary ground sluices and after filling them with scrap iron, turned the water of the creek through them. In from six to ten weeks time his iron would be converted into a mass of metallic copper, about 85 percent pure, and the experiment was repeated a number of times during the Doctor's life. Subsequently some placer miners driving from the superficial channel for the rim came upon a beautiful specimen of metallic copper, weighing about 50 lbs., lodged against the trunk of a tree imbedded in the alluvial that had been deposited within their own recollection, and which was not more than 4 ft. below the level of the wagon road. A little exploration revealed numerous additional specimens of various sizes, and close inspection demonstrated that the soil was impregnated with numerous small particles of copper. Some efforts were made to recover the copper thus discovered by wet concentration, but no notable financial success resulted. The soil was not uniformly affected, and there were no superficial signs to guide the prospector in his explorations. With the dissipation of the hope that the Copper Placers would prove valuable in themselves a new value was attached to them as they formed the basis of much speculation, mostly of an unscientific nature, as to their source and origin...." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 29 1897 p.543; see also Jun 19 1897 p.628)

1896
"John Nicholas is arranging a company to resume his lease on the Emma, All's Well, Gladstone and Copper Plant lodes, on the east side of main Bingham canyon, in the center of the copper belt and lying between the What Cheer and Amanda patents. This property was once owned by Black jack Murphy and Doc Hickman, and is now the property of Messrs. Stansfield, Flynn, Stephens, Cleary & Co. It promises to develop another copper bonanza." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, Jan 14 1896 p.7)

1896
"J.B. Stephens is doing development work on the All's Well, opposite Rogers's mill. He intends running the long tunnel ahead to tap another vein, that went 37 per cent copper. This is the old Hickman property, and supposed to be on the mother copper vein of Bingham. The tunnel has already cut one vein 20 feet wide, in decomposed granite shot through with native copper and copper pyrites. We understand right parties can get a lease on this property." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, Mar 12 1896 p.7)

Flooding Events in Bingham Creek Area

1873
"Aug. 21 -- Great damage to railroad. Bridges and track destroyed; ties piled up. (DN Aug.23,1873)" (WS994 p.88)

1884
"Road and r.r. washed away." (FC May 15 1884)

1889
"Aug.10, p.m. -- Unprecedented rain flooded streets and gulches, washed out gardens and deposited gravel and brush around houses and in streets. Damage, about $1,000. (DN Aug.12,1889)" (WS994 p.92)

1891
"Aug.19, 2 p.m. -- Intense rainstorm in head of canyon sent flood down the main street of Bingham, carrying logs and boulders and other debris. Subsided by 4:30 p.m. In some places where flood had washed over porches and sidewalks 'were left quite large deposits of gold dust and other rich minerals.'" (DN Aug.19,1891) (WS994 p.93)

1893
"Considerable Damage." (FC May 19 1893)

1901
"July 31 -- Main streets were flooded by overflow from creek. Resulting damage estimated at $2,000. (DN Aug.2,1901)" (WS994 p.96)

1904
"500 ft. of R.R. washed out." (FC May 6 1904)

1909
"Roads washed out. Houses damaged, also Mill property [Yampa Smelter]. $3000. (FC Aug 17 1909)

1909
"Aug.17,12:10 p.m. -- A cloudburst carrying huge boulders and timber before it washed away part of the mountainside and caused the explosion of a reverberatory in the Yampa smelter with resulting loss of about $3,000. (DN Aug 17,1909)" (WS994 p.101)

1913
"Lower Bingham flooded. Little damage." (FC July 22-23 1913)

1913
"A cloudburst, followed closely by a roaring flood which carried boulders, dirt, and debris, wrecked eight houses [in Verona gulch], sweeping the contents away, with losses estimated at $12,000. Railroad tracks and grades were washed away at one spot and buried with silt and gravel at others. (DN July 24 1913) (WS994 p.102)

1917
"$3000 damage to homes and city property." (FC Apr 24-26 1917)

1917
"Utah Copper yards badly damaged." (FC May 15 1917)

1922
"City damaged from Carr Fork and Markam." (FC May 6-7 1922)

1930
"R.R. damaged $500,000. (FC Aug 2 1930)

1930
"Aug.11,11:30 a.m. -- Cloudburst lasted 2¼ hours. More than a score of houses demolished. Dozen families narrowly escaped death when a 50,000-ton copper drum became saturated with rain and swept down the mountainside. One hundred homes damaged. Electric power off for 2 hours and section of road buried. D.&R.G.W.R.R. and coalyard damaged. Utah Copper Co.'s hospital caved in. Damage estimated at $500,000. (DN Aug.11,1930)" (WS994 p.112)

1930
"A severe storm in the vicinity of Bingham, Utah, caused a torrent of water, rock and mud, the force of which collapsed the hospital of the Utah Copper Company. No lives were lost, as there were no patients in the hospital, and employees escaped. Damage done to the town was estimated at $200,000." (The Mining Journal Aug 30 1930 p.46)

1934
"July 21 -- Cellars [in Copperton] filled with mud and water. (DN July 21,1934)" (WS994 p.116)

1934
"Aug.5, 4 p.m. -- Deluge blocked the highway. (DN Aug 6 1934)" (WS994 p.116)

1935
"Aug.6, p.m. -- Heaviest cloudburst in years. Basements filled and flume destroyed. Two feet of debris on road. Twelve houses [in Bingham Canyon] damaged. (DN Aug 23 1935)" (WS994 p.117)

1935
"A wall of water washed out a 50-foot section of flume between Barney's canyon and Copperton gulch, and carried it to the Copperton service station in the drainage canal." (Deseret News Aug 23 1935)

Bingham Smelter

Note: There was a Bingham Smelter at Bingham Junction (West Jordan), see Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 24 1911 p.1252. The smelter referred to below probably had another name, and in this instance was identified by its location. Comparing photographs would help pin it down.

Photograph of smelter with caption: "The Bingham Smelting works at Bingham Canyon, 1870s. The first smelter in the canyon was erected at the Utah Mine, but by 1873 it had proved a failure." (Sloane, Howard N. and Lucille L., A Pictorial History of American Mining, 1970; photo is from "William Culp Darrah Stereo Collection")

Galena Smelter

1870
"In 1870 the [old Jordan] claim was sold to J.W. Kerr, Isaac Morris, and others." (USGS PP38 p.83)

1872
"The [Jordan] mine was purchased by J.W. Kerr & Co., who, in 1872, erected the Galena smelter (one stack). Afterward the property was bought by Carson & Buzzo, who constructed a wooden flume (5 by 9 feet) 12 miles long, at a cost of $120,000, to furnish waterpower. They failed in 1875, and the Galena Silver Mining Company became the owner." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.408)

1874
"The Galena Works, which treat the ore from [the Galena and Jordan mines], have run with very few interruptions throughout the year, and have furnished more lead than any other works in the Territory. The precise amount has, however, not been reported to me. Financially, the works have not been successful, and are not likely to be so as long as the dust is permitted to fly from the chimney in thick clouds and the matte remains without proper treatment. Besides, the construction of the furnaces is susceptible of much improvement, and the frequent long stoppages, generally recurring once or twice a day, for purposes of cleaning out accretions formed just below and above the tuyeres, ought to be avoided by the better composition of charges and a more careful appliance of blast." (Statistics of Mines and Mining, Commissioner of Mining Statistics, 1875 p.347)

Old Spanish Mill = Niagara Concentrator

Niagara Mine = Spanish Mine (Wegg Thesis, p.323)

"Going up Highland [Galena] Gulch farther to the left there was a Gulch called Porcupine Gulch. Close to the mouth of this Gulch there was a mill (called Spanish mill)." (W.J. Rogers letter in UCC file 200-C, Sep 1928, UU)

1873-1874
"Jigs at Spanish mine built." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.408)

1874
"In 1874 four jigs were erected [at the Spanish mine,] and in 1876 a water-wheel and steam-engine were placed to run them. It is estimated that the total product of the mine has been 65,000 tons, of which 24,000 tons were extracted in 1876, 1877, and 1878. The approximate assay value was 14 ounces silver, 35 to 40 per cent. lead, and $3.50 to $6 gold.... Pyrites and galena are plentiful in the lowest workings." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.410)

1874
"On the whole, it may be said that at least one-half the ore in the Bingham Canyon mines ought to be dressed before smelting, and a commencement in that direction has already been made. Besides the large dressing-works of the Utah Company (English,) two very small (and imperfect) ones have been built for experimental purposes in the vicinity of the Spanish mine." (Statistics of Mines and Mining, Commissioner of Mining Statistics, 1875 p.340)

1877
"This property is being worked by the Messrs. Gallagher Bros under lease, and they are shipping considerable ore, some 350 tons monthly, averaging 50 percent lead and 16 oz. silver. As stated before, the ore in this mine, though occurring in large bodies, is mostly of such a low grade as to require concentrating before being of sufficient value to ship to market. For this purpose, the above-named gentlemen have erected four Cornish jigs of the Mitchell modified pattern, worked by steam power, and all the ore is washed in these. The facilities for delivering it to the jigs from the mine are such that the cost is merely nominal. About 30 tons of high grade comes out of the mine monthly. The force now employed is fifty men. The mine is opened by some three miles of tunnels, drifts, shafts, etc. The property is only worked during eight months in the year, on account of the scarcity of water for jigging -- from March 1 to November 1." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 6, 1877)

1878
"Mr. Boundy works the famous Spanish mine with good results. The jiggers have been frozen up, so that none but first class ore can be handled till spring." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1879)

1881
"The Spanish mine has produced over 1,000 tons of ore during the year. Of this quantity about one-third was concentrations. (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1882)

1885
"Spanish. -- The mine will soon resume operations. Concentrating-works are erecting." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 16 1885 p.341)

1890
Niagara Mining & Smelting Co., run day and night. Mill about completed. Crusher 2nd, 2 sets rolls, 4 jigs, slum table, screen floor. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Nov 1890 #3)

1890
"[The Spanish mine], the Utah, Live Pine, Alameda, Miller, and about fifty other claims were recently bought by a syndicate for $250,000. There are 2,000 tons per month taken out of this group, averaging $25 per ton. The cost of mining is $2 per ton. Some of the ore is concentrated, and will all be shipped to Pueblo soon, because this kind of ore is required there to smelt Colorado ores, and therfore it can be sold to better advantage there than here." (Marcus E. Jones, U.S. Treasury Dept., Internal Commerce of the United States, 1890? p.891)

1891
"The [Niagara Mining and Smelting] company is not at present producing any ore, but is running its concentrating mill on ore from the Highland mine, dressing about 50 tons per day. The concentrates are of excellent grade, averaging about 55 percent lead, 20 ounces silver, and $2-$3 gold. The output of concentrates of this grade amounts to about 10 tons per day." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 4 1891 p.414)

1891
"Niagara Mining and Smelting Company. -- Work has been resumed on the Franklin tunnel and it is now being pushed ahead with three shifts of men...a contract will be given for the erection of a large concentrating mill at the mouth of the tunnel." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 1 1891 p.133)

1891
"Then there are large bodies of concentrating ores, which are run through the Niagara mill, making a product of the same value as the first-class ore. The mill crushes from 110 to 120 tons of ore per day, and converts about two tons into one. (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1892)

1892
"[After the South Galena Mill burned] the [South Galena Mining] company has leased the Niagara mill, which is capable of treating from 125 to 150 tons of ore per day." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 13 1892 p.161)

1898
Niagara Mining Co.'s Concentrator. Buildings old and dilapidated. Not in operation...no watchman. No machinery shown, only "old & dilapidated cyaniding tanks (not used)." (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, July 1898 #5)

1900
"Shipments this week include...Niagara concentrates, 5 cars..." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 20 Jan p.42)

1902
United States Mining Co. (Former site of Niagara Concentrator). No mill buildings shown. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Dec 1902 #5)

1915
"Mr. Walsh brought up the question of drainage in their underground workings, stating there was a tunnel down in the creek opposite his old mill [probably a reference to the inactive Niagara mill] which kept his present workings free of water. My idea was to get the right from the U.S. Company to drain the Story workings into the Niagara Tunnel...." (H.C. Goodrich to Mr. Ellis, UCD Engineering files Oct 2 1928 p.7)

Old Revere Mill

Located on Ohio Copper Co. property map and Salt Lake County property map (1908) at Utah State Archives on Aperture Card.

1875
"Old Revere concentration works built." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.408)

1875
"The old Revere concentrating works were erected in 1875 or 1876, and consisted of a 20-stamp mill, tie-boxes, and tossing-tubs." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.421)

1876
"The Revere has a ten stamp concentrator in Butterfield, where low grade ores are fixed up to order by Will. A. Duff. (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1877)

1877
"They are sending up some 70 tons daily, however, 20 of which is first-class, averaging 50 percent lead, and 20 to 35 oz. silver, the remaining 50 tons being second-class, averaging 18 percent lead and 15 to 25 oz. silver. This latter is sent down by teams to the company's mill on Butterfield Creek, one and a half miles below the shaft house, and there crushed in a 10-stamp battery, through 16-mesh screens, and buddled to run off the sand and waste, making a product that brings the company $50 a ton.... All the ore from this mine is sold to the Pennsylvania Lead Company.... Mr. G.D. Shell, the superintendent at the mine, is an old Comstocker, and takes pride in running his mine in good style.... The ore is a carbonate, very soft and easily broken, with occasional pockets of galena, high and low grade more or less mixed." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 6, 1877)

1877
"The Revere mill, in Butterfield canyon, with fifteen stamps, has been doing good work since its erection but is now idle, awaiting its owners to settle their difficulties." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1878)

1878
"[The Old Revere concentrating works]...were bought, torn down, and rebuilt [into the New Revere] by the Union Ore Concentrating Company, of New York City." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.421)

1887
"A revolving horizontal hearth, with dome-roof and fixed rabbles, has been used at the Revere mill, Bingham, but with what results it is not possible to learn. The works are abandoned: a pile of roasted ore there indicates that desulphurization was very complete." (AIME Transactions, Vol.XVI (July 1887 Meeting), p.20.)

New Revere Mill

1878
"[The Old Revere concentrating works]...were bought, torn down, and rebuilt [into the New Revere] by the Union Ore Concentrating Company, of New York City." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.421)

1878
"A number of men are now cutting a ditch for the Revere mill, in order to get a fall of 100 feet for a new turbine wheel, which is to be put in this spring. The large quantities of concentrating ores, which are being discovered this side of the mountains, renders it necessary to increase the capacity and power of all the leaching, concentrating and milling works in the district." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1879)

1878-79
"New Revere concentrating works built." (DUP)

1879
"The concentrating works erected in Butterfield Canyon, known as the Revere Concentrating Company, are doing good work. They have been working on Black Jack ores for a portion of the summer with great success.... The Revere, from one cause or another, is at present shut down." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1880)

1880
"The new works were completed in June, 1880. They ran until August, and have been idle since. The cause of this idleness was said to be the increased price charged by the mine owners for the low-grade ore of their waste dumps. The works are situated in Butterfield Canyon, 1 mile from its mouth, and 2 or 3 miles from the low-grade ore on the ridge above. They are in an imposing three-story building, and are said to have cost about $60,000. Their capacity is 2¼ tons per hour, but it is probable that were the crushing apparatus increased this could be doubled.... The machinery consists of a Leffel turbine wheel, an Ames 40 horse-power engine, a Blake rock-breaker, a rotary drier, 3 feet by 30 feet; three sets of Cornish rolls, several reels and screens for sizing the ore, two double water jigs, two single water jigs, six Paddock's pneumatic jigs (used after sizing through screens Nos. 60,80,100, and 120), a belt machine or vanner for the very fine dust, and a tossing-tub. Good results were obtained from the waste dumps of some of the neighboring mines, especially where the ore was an ocher and a carbonate of lead. This class of ores assayed from 6 to 8 per cent. lead, and from 7 to 8 ounces silver, and they were concentrated to 50 per cent. lead, and from 15 to 25 ounces silver. Ten tons of ore from the Carbonate mine, in Beaver county, assaying 18 per cent. lead and 40 ounces silver, were concentrated to 63 per cent. lead and 200 ounces silver. Attempts, however, to separate galena, pyrite, and [zinc]blende were not so successful. Careful weighings, samplings, and assays were made during the short run, but the results were not accessible." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.421)

1881
"The Lead mine has shipped several thousand tons of first class ore and a large quantity of second class to the concentrating mill on Butterfield creek." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1882)

*1886
"Yosemite -- The owners of this mine at Bingham have been making improvements this winter. They bought the old Revere dry concentrator mill in Butterfield Canyon, and have changed it to a wet concentrator, with a capacity of handling eighty tons a day of twenty-four hours. The mine has a large body of pyritous ore running from ten to twelve per cent in lead, which concentrates to forty per cent lead, while the carbonate ore concentrates to sixty per cent lead. The mill has been tested and has been demonstrated to work up so closely that the tailings show only three and two tenths per cent lead. It cost about $2500 to reconstruct the mill. The mill is one and a half miles from the mine. To save in the cost of hauling ore down, the company has purchased the Hallidie wire rope tramway formerly used by the Chicago Company in Dry Canyon, which will make the cost of getting ore down very small." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Mar 27, 1886 p.238)

Old Telegraph Mill

Stereophoto of Old Telegraph property (seemingly including the mill) is in LDS Church Archives, Photo 1630

1876
"[The Utah Concentrator was] sold to Holden, and the apparatus was moved in 1876 to the Old Telegraph." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.409)

1877
"In early years the following was the output of the [Old Telegraph] mine: 1876, 19,115 tons; 1877, 24,053 tons." (Marcus E. Jones, U.S. Treasury Dept., Internal Commerce of the United States, 1890? p.891)

1880
"During the census year about 12,000 tons [footnote: the actual amount of ore extracted was about 19,500 tons, but it was reduced by concentration to the 12,000 tons mentioned] were extracted assaying 35 per cent. lead, 15 ounces silver, and $0.50 gold.... The total product of this mine can never be known. The superintendent estimated it at 120,000 tons of all grades, but others thought this too high. Figures in the reports of the French experts, taken from the Old Telegraph books, show that from February, 1876, to November, 1878, 48,125 tons were extracted, valued at $1,129,660.58 (market price at the time). This was at the flood tide of production." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.414)

1880
"The concentration works had been idle since the autumn of 1879, and were also somewhat out of repair. They consisted of Cornish rolls, four revolving screens, four jigs, one 5-stamp and two 10-stamp batteries, four revolving washing tables, 22 inches in diameter, on an incline of 10·, and a large number of tie-boxes." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.414)

1880
"The French company [Société des Mines d'Argent et Fonderies de Bingham] ran the concentrating works several months, trying the leaching apparatus occasionally, but their results were very unsatisfactory. Report says that they lost money from the commencement, and the products and expenses warrant such a conclusion...." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.415)

1882
"During the past season the Old Telegraph company, at Bingham, has sent about 2,000 tons of concentrated ores to the smelters. This ore is concentrated by water, three tons in one, at a slight-cost, and assays from 55 to 60 per cent lead and 15 to 25 ounces silver." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 21 1882)

1882
"The Old Telegraph mine was worked under lease from the French company which owns it. The lease has expired and the mine is not worked at present. The company owning the mine has transferred its headquarters to Butte, Mont." (Report of the Director of the Mint, 1883 p.262)

1883
"Under lease to Messrs. Hazlegrove & Mullett...since March last they have mined and worked about 1,000 tons of ore and have concentrated $10,000 worth of low grade ore. The ore of this mine averages fourteen ounces silver and forty-five per cent lead. There are large reserves of low grade ore which can be concentrated with profit, and the lessees, at an expense of $10,000, erected a five stamp concentrator a short distance below the mine to concentrate the low grades." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1884)

1883
"The Old Telegraph mine, in Bear Gulch, has been worked for several years, latterly under a lease. It mined and worked during the year over 1,000 tons of ore averaging $14 silver and $45 gold, and concentrated $10,000 worth of low-grade ore. The lessees erected, a short distance below the mine, a five-stamp concentrator, and employ eighteen men in the mine and mill." (Report of the Director of the Mint, 1884 p.636)

1890
"The ore [of the Old Telegraph mine] is of two kinds; that on the foot wall is about 6 to 26 feet wide, going high in silver and very low in lead, and being therefore a leaching ore. There were found two great enlargements of the vein in this mine; one of them was 250 by 600 by 60 feet, and contained a body of solid galena 100 by 50 by 50 feet in dimension. Ten years ago the mine employed 80 men, at $2.50 to $3 per day. The cost per ton for taking out the ore, etc., was $10.25. The total product at that time was 120,000 tons, valued at nearly $3,000,000. In 1888 the output was 4,947 tons, in 1889 it was 1,943 tons. The mine has very expensive works -- mill, leaching plant, and tramway." (Marcus E. Jones, U.S. Treasury Dept., Internal Commerce of the United States, 1890? p.891)

1898
"It is locally reported that a fifty-ton concentrator will be built at the Old Telegraph mine and Mgr. Lavagnino hopes to have the plant running before winter is over." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 3 1898 p.559)

Telegraph Smelter

1880
"The smelter was very complete, though from disuse it was somewhat out of repair at the time of examination. It was built in 1876 and 1877. Ore, coke, coal, and flux were dumped directly from freight cars into large bins, and taken thence in wheelbarrows to the feed floor. The plant consisted of a Blake rock-breaker, a sampling coffee mill, several platform and railroad scales, five water-jacket furnaces, a fan blower, a No.5 Baker blower, a No.5 Root blower, flue-dust chambers, a large 65 horse-power engine, a turbine water-wheel supplied by a flume 12 miles long, a pair of Cornish rolls for matte, a small vertical matte-roasting furnace (not a success), a reverberatory matte-roasting furnace, and an old cupel furnace. The stack was of brick, square in section, and rested upon iron pillars from 5 to 10 feet in length. The crucible was of brick in an iron box 8 feet square. The jacket, composed of 8 cast-iron sections, rested on 6 inches of fire-brick. For 10 inches the jacket was vertical, and each side of the remaining 2 feet 8 inches had a batter of 11 inches. Each section was open at the top, and therefore had a free overflow. Sections were bolted together through lugs. Between the jacket and the stack there was an inch of firebrick. The chimney was 40 inches square and 20 feet high, with cover. Each furnace was provided with a hood and siphon tap, or lead well. The flue-dust chamber for three stacks were of brick, 10 inches high and 20 inches square, resting upon a frame work about 15 inches above the ground. This chamber terminated on the lower side in four sheet-iron hoppers. The flue-dust which collected could thus be easily drawn off into cars." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.414)

1880
"For several months the smelting charge averaged 11 per cent. of lead and 6 ounces of silver. The loss of lead was from 12 to 13 per cent., while that of silver and gold was claimed to be little or nothing. The matte contained from 6 to 7 ounces of silver, 9 per cent. lead, and some copper. It was usually a waste product. The slag assayed half an ounce of silver and 1 per cent. lead." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.415)

Durant Mill

Old maps at Utah Copper Division Geology seem to indicate the Durant mill was near or at the site of the Stewart Mill, on the Mercer No. 2 claim.

1877
"Mr. Oliver Durant is erecting a concentrator in Carr's Fork, intending to use the McKim belt. Capacity will be about 25 tons daily. Will be running in a couple of weeks. Proper concentrating works will be of much benefit to this camp, and will assist many mines that now cannot ship their product on account of its low grade." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 6 1877 p.262)

1877
In Carr Fork "the O. Durant mill, which cost $5,500. Its trial run of a few days made a good showing, but it has closed down for the winter." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1878)

1877
"In 1877 the Durant 10-stamp, costing $8,000, was built." (Marcus E. Jones, U.S. Treasury Dept., Internal Commerce of the United States, 1890? p.899)

1879
"Fred Day has started up the Durant mill. He intends running on ores furnished principally from the Gipsey and Morning Star mines." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1880)

1880
"The Durant mill was erected in Main Carr Fork in the autumn of 1877 to concentrate low-grade lead ores, but was afterward changed to a gold mill. Every run has been a financial failure, partly because of the very low-grade ore worked. Attempts to concentrate the ore by passing battery sands through tie-boxes were a failure because too much pyrite was caught. It was a light 10-stamp mill with a small 12 horse-power horizontal engine and boiler, two jigs, a revolving screen, and some tie-boxes, and cost $8,000. It had been idle, with the exception of a few weeks' run, for two years." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.416)

Egan & Bates Mill

1877
"Messrs. Egan & Bates are erecting a ten-stamp concentrating mill about a mile above town, and will be at work in about two weeks. Will crush and buddle simply. (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 6 1877 p.262)

1877
"Messrs. Bates & Egan, last summer erected in Bingham Canyon, near the mouth of Carr Fork a concentrator at a cost of $15,000, and ran it for a time on Old Telegraph and Jordan ores...they have a capacity of 100 tons of ore daily, and will work at a profit ore carrying five to eight per cent lead, increasing the grade thereof to as high as thirty-four ounces of silver and fifty per cent lead. About 1000 tons of washed ore was shipped from this concentrator last season, but work there is now suspended." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1878)

1878
"In the autumn of 1878 Egan & Bates' 10-stamp mill was removed from Main Bingham Canyon and erected on the Stewart mine." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.417)

1878
"In 1878...the Egan & Bates 10-stamp mill...[was] built." (Marcus E. Jones, U.S. Treasury Dept., Internal Commerce of the United States, 1890? p.899)

Jackson & Bennett's Mill

1877
"[The Neptune Mine] is being worked with a force of 25 men, producing some fifty tons of ore daily, which is crushed and concentrated at Jackson & Bennett's mill to make a marketable product. The plant of the mill is very simple, consisting of two five-stamp batteries and some hand buddles. The 50 tons are run through in 24 hours." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 6 1877 p.262)

1877
"Geo. Jackson's ten stamp mill in Highland, has done but little work since it was erected." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1878)

*1878
"The mill formerly owned by C.W. Bennett, of Salt Lake, has recently changed hands, and is now the property of the Hampton Company. Considerable alteration is now taking place, new batteries are being put in, and the mill thoroughly adapted to work gold ores. About a week from this date the stamps will be in operation. From present appearances, a steady run of six weeks will be made.... The leaching works of George Jackson & Co. are about completed. Two ten-ton tanks have been erected, and ore plentiful." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 13 1878 p.28)

Telegraph Leaching Works

1877
"Gregg, Cushing & Gamble Leaching Works. Mr. Gregg first introduced the process into this district, commencing his operations on a small scale with a few empty barrels, and from this nucleus his works have increased to a capacity of thirty tons per day. The cost of putting up tanks, roaster, etc., has been so far in the neighborhood of $3,500. The firm employs about seven men. At present they work mostly Old Telegraph ores, which could not be treated profitably in any other way. Too much praise cannot be bestowed upon the gentlemanly owners for their perseverance and for the impetus they have given to mining low grade ores, which were heretofore not to be made available." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1878)

1877
"The leaching works were built in 1877, and cost about $5,000. They consisted of a rock-breaker, a pulverizer, a revolving screen with a quarter-inch mesh, six ore vats 3 feet deep and 10 feet square, twelve precipitating vats, a large tank to hold the solution, a boiler, engine, and a rubber or wooden pump. These works were partially dismantled, but over 1,000 tons were treated in the few months during which they ran." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.414)

1880
"The leaching works were built in the spring of 1878, and ran most of the time until the French company bought the property. They cost $16,000, and the plant consisted of a revolving screen, with quarter-inch mesh; a pair of Cornish rolls of 20-inch face and 26-inch diameter; 10 ore vats, 12 by 14 by 3 feet; 20 precipitating tanks, 4 by 7 by 4 feet, and a pump. Power for this and the concentration works was furnished by a turbine wheel. The ore was dumped from the railroad cars into smaller ones, which carried it to the revolving cylindrical screen. Whatever did not pass through the mesh passed on to the Cornish rolls. All the fine ore fell into a bin, from which it was taken in cars along a track over the ore vats, into which it was dumped. The ore vats were in two rows, between which ran a car into which the leached ore was shoveled. The vats had a false slat bottom, on which cocoa matting was laid. The precipitating tanks were on the outside of the rectangle, and were provided with several wooden faucets with which to draw off the liquid from above the precipitate. The sulphides were roasted on an open sheet-iron hearth and smelted in crucibles, or roasted and smelted in a cupel furnace. These works handled from 80 to 120 tons per day." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.414)

1880
"The ore of this mine was of three kinds -- smelting, concentrating, and leaching. The concentrating ore was found to carry much of its silver as chloride, which floated off and was lost while jigging and tieing the lead ore. It was estimated that 12,000 ounces were thus lost each month. During the latter part of the time the ore was first leached and afterward concentrated, a loss of from 40 to 50 per cent. being thus avoided. At times a very elaborate set of assays were made. Unfortunately, the books containing them were not accessible, but the following are approximate data regarding the mode of working: At first the size of the coarsest fragments of the leached ore was one-quarter of an inch in diameter, but this was decreased to the size of wheat. From 2 to 6 ounces per ton were obtained by leaching. The concentrated ore assayed about from 15 to 20 ounces silver and 50 per cent. lead, and the tailings from the concentration works assayed about 4 per cent. lead and from 4 to 6 ounces silver. Ores from different parts of the mine required different times to leach, but the average time was 20 hours. Ore from an old dump of 1,000 tons, which had weathered for about a year, leached in twelve hours, 75 per cent. of the silver obtained leaching out in the first hour...." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.415)

Stewart Stamp Mill

Located on D&RGW claims map

1878
"Stewart mill built." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.408)

1878
"In the autumn of 1878 Egan & Bates' 10-stamp mill was removed from Main Bingham Canyon and erected on the Stewart mine." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.417)

1878
"From the dump of this lower tunnel a scaffolding is erected on the side of the hill, upon which a tramway is laid for two hundred feet, from the termination of which the ore will be dumped into a chute and conveyed directly to the twenty-stamp mill, now nearly completed. The mill will have a crushing capacity of from 40 to 50 tons per day. The gold is saved on copper plates coated with quicksilver, and in blankets, a comparatively inexpensive process. The cost of reduction and mining will not exceed two dollars and fifty cents per ton." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 16 1878, p.349)

1878
"A twenty stamp mill is now running, and crushing at the rate of 40 tons per day.... A new mill is to be erected this coming season, and, as the ore body seems to grow on their hands, the owners intend to make the new mill large enough to crush 100 tons per day." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1879)

1878
"In 1878...the Stewart 10-stamp mill [was] built. The Stewart mill had a capacity of 50 tons per day, cost $25,000, and milled 10,000 tons in 1880, at a cost of $2 to $3 per ton; the product was $99,267." (Marcus E. Jones, U.S. Treasury Dept., Internal Commerce of the United States, 1890? p.899)

1879
"Ten additional stamps were added [to the Stewart Mill] in January, 1879, making the total cost of the mill $25,000." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.417)

1879
"No data are available for the total tonnage treated [at the Stewart mill], but the best monthly record was $29,800 profits." (HI p.4)

1879
"The Stewart mill has been removed from the upper end of the canyon, and erected at the Jordan mine." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1880)

1880
"The Stewart No.1 is shut down, waiting for the Canyon roads to improve so that a supply of fuel for the mill and timber for the mine can be obtained. This company is making preparations to increase the capacity of its twenty to a sixty-stamp mill." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 22 1880 p.353)

1880
"The Stewart No.1 is to be started up as soon as the roads permit of the transportation of fuel up Carr Fork." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 26 1880 p.438)

1880
"The Stewart No.1 is working a force of twelve miners. The company contemplates the erection of an eighty-stamp mill, which it claims will render the property a first-class paying enterprise, as it will then be able to mine and mill the ore for $3 per ton, while the entire ore-body will break at $7.50 per ton." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 28 1880 p.139)

1880
"[The Stewart Mill] ran steadily until May 1,1880, and has, for some unknown reason, been idle since. The officers said it would start again early in the spring of 1881. The mill machinery consisted of a 60 horse-power engine; a boiler, 16 feet by 60 inches; a Blake plaster-crusher, 12 by 16 inches; 20 650-pound and 750-pound stamps, speed 90, drop from 7 to 9 inches, single discharge; Russia iron No.6 slot-screen; 2 Tulloch and 2 Hendy self-feeders; and aprons with amalgamated copper plates. The capacity of the mill was about 50 tons per day.... In the first eleven months of the census year [1880] 10,000 tons of ore were milled at a cost of between $2 and $3 per ton. The product was $99,267.37 cash received for bullion. The ore averaged about $11 in gold. There was also some silver. Tailings averaged about $1.50 in gold...." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.417)

1880
"The Stewart mill treated in 1880 over 10,000 tons of ore, which averaged $11 in gold. Cash receipts for bullion produced amounted to $99,267.37. Fineness of bullion was 0.900 gold, 0.060 silver, and 0.040 copper." (USGS PP38 p.91)

1882
"The Stewart mine is worked in an open cut in which at least 400,000 tons of ore are in sight. It lies upon a hillside 400 feet above the level of the Carr Fork. The ores are similar to those of the Jordan, and carry an average of $10 in gold and the same in silver. The owners have no faith that anything better can be done with them than to reduce by the stamp process, and during 1882 a 20-stamp mill was in operation, reducing about 50 tons per day, from which about $5 a ton was realized. It is claimed that there is as large a profit in the Stewart as in mines of the Black Hills if the cost of mining and milling can be reduced to a minimum, and accordingly the mine is being opened below the water-level by a tunnel which is now under the deepest workings, but has yet to be connected with them by an upraise of from 100 to 200 feet. It is in contemplation to move the mill to the mouth of the tunnel and increase its capacity by 40 stamps; then by means of chutes the ore can be delivered at the mill at a cost of not over a dollar a ton." (Report of the Director of the Mint, 1883 p.263)

1882
"A twenty-stamp mill was erected in 1882 and about 50 tons a day were reduced. No data are available to show total record, but the best monthly record was $29,800 profits." (USGS PP38 p.281)

1882
"The Boston Consolidated mine is a consolidation of several mining claims. Surveys for patents were made as early as 1878. Early mining interests were devoted to gold extraction, and by 1882 50 tons of ore a day was treated in a 20-stamp mill. Between 1879 and 1894 amalgamation and cyanidation were used to recover about 50 percent of the gold. The low recovery was due to the fact that the ore changed to sulfides on strike and dip." (USBM War Minerals Report 127 p.2-3)

1890
"The mill was run about five months and produced $17,000 in gold bars.... a capacity of some 80 or 90 tons of ore per day....about five thousand tons were crushed....now they are working a lead vein back of the gold, a parallel vein, and about 190 feet from the gold. A tunnel was lately run into it 400 feet, and an upraise made 160 feet. The vein is ten feet wide and carries mixed ore, galena and carbonates. A test run was made in concentrating, and it was found that to concentrate three tons into one gives concentrates running 18 ounces silver, 50 per cent lead and $6.00 in gold." (Source?)

1890
Bingham Mining & Milling Co., capacity 100 tons, run day and night, 5 Huntington crushing mills, 12 Duncan concentrators. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Nov 1890 #2)

1891
"The first-class ore runs 9 ounces silver and 43 per cent lead; the second class is concentrated 3 1/2 into one, and runs the same as first class. The gold mill was changed last summer at a cost of some five or six thousand dollars, so as to concentrate these ores. The Huntington mill had coarse screws put in and was thus able to handle ninety tons of ore per day, and the jigs were of equal capacity. The mill was run only a short time, there being a scarcity of water.... The ore is galena, and runs about 43 ounces silver, 50 per cent lead and $7 to $9 in gold. The company worked these lead ores the past season, letting the gold ores remain in place." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1892)

1892
"Stewart No.1. -- The mill is running steadily on ore from the Peabody mine. Seventy-five tons were shipped from that mine for the week ending July 30th." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 6 1892 p.136)

1893
"By free amalgamation from 25 percent to 40 percent could be obtained, but beyond that nothing. At the Stewart operations were resumed last fall, and the cyanide process introduced. It was found that the cyanide alone was not entirely successful, as coarse gold escaped that the cyanide did not succeed in dissolving. But by experimenting, using amalgamation with quicksilver and cyanide, I understand they have arrived at a very satisfactory result. The mills used are Huntington's and Crawford's. Cyanide solution is fed into the mills with the ore; the ore is reduced to a pulp, which, coming in contact with the quicksilver in the chamber, gives up the free gold. In the scouring process the cyanide is thought to very materially assist. The pulp passing from the mills, thoroughly charged with the cyanide solution, is deposited in tanks. The solution is drawn off through troughs in which are deposited zinc shavings, upon which the gold in solution is precipitated. The liquid is pumped back into the mill. On the stewart ore this combination process is said to save 90 percent of the gold. They are putting through 50 tons per day, and preparing to increase the capacity of the plant to 200 tons per day." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 1 1893 p.304)

1893
"Stewart No.1. -- The mill on this property is to be enlarged to a capacity of 75 tons at least. As has been reported in the 'Engineering and Mining Journal,' the process used will be a combination of the cyanide and amalgamation processes. The Huntington and Crawford mills will be used for the crushing. It would seem that the success at this elevation is somewhat doubtful." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 27 1893 p.496)

1893
"Stewart No.1 Mine. -- During June this mine produced $6,000 in bullion, the mill being run 21 days with a force of 22 men. The ore is worked closely and the tailings are cleaned." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 15 1893 p.64)

1893
"Stewart No.1 Mining Company. -- This company produced $6,000 in gold from 21 days' run of the mill during the month of June." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 22 1893 p.88)

1893
"Stewart Mining Company. -- This mine is now turning out considerable gold bullion. The mill is equipped with five Huntington mills, having a combined capacity of 50 tons per day. It is wet crushing, with discharge over long plates to catch the gold. That is the process now used, and results show a saving of 80 percent. A short time ago the cyanide process was introduced, but it has subsequently been abandoned, the reason given being lack of tankage. In July the mill turned out about $9,000 worth of gold, and the ore now being run through is showing still better on the plates." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 26 1893 p.223)

1893
"Edward Egan, of the Stewart No.1, at Bingham, has shipped to Salt Lake City a gold bar weighing nearly 60 3/4 lbs., which assays 96 percent fine and is valued at $17,086. It is the result of a 25-days run of the Stewart." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 16 1893 p.301)

1893
"The mill is equipped with five 5-foot Huntington mills and these, with amalgamating fans, are doing the work of saving gold.... The ore is soft and porous, hence it is readily mixed and easily milled.... The mill has a capacity of fifty tons per day." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1894)

1894
"Stewart Mining Company. -- The March product of these mines at Bingham was one gold bar weighing 39 lbs. and valued at $10,480, being 900 fine. On April 27th the mines which have been producing similar bars monthly will be sold under a bond secured nearly six years ago. The present owner is the Stewart Mining Company and the purchaser will be the Bingham Development Company." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 21 1894 p.375)

1894
"The [Stewart] property was originally owned by Salisbury & Gilmer, and was bonded by T. Egan, E.D. Egan and Jud Bates, who are now the owners. The ore body is in places 200 ft. wide. The ore is free gold, and averages about $9.20 to the ton. There are five Huntington mills on the property, with a daily capacity of about 60 tons. The mill saves about 75 percent of the gold in the ore. It has been in operation about six months, and over $100,000 has been taken out in gold." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 5 1894 p.423)

1894
"Their mill was run during the year all the time, except short lay offs, once for three weeks for repairs. New plates were put in the mill and some other needed repairs made.... The mill has five Huntington mills and save the metal by catching it on the copper plates. The mill handles 70 tons per day of twenty-four hours, and the company employs in the mines and mill from thirty to thirty-five men. The mill works up to a saving of 85 per cent. The ore mills from $9.50 to $20 per ton. The amount of ore milled in 1894 aggregated 15,000 tons." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1895)

1895
"Stewart. -- This mill, at Bingham, was destroyed by fire on May 14th. The buildings in the vicinity were also burned down." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 25 1895 p.494)

1895
"The Stewart No.1 kept running and milling up to about May 20th, 1895, when, as the lessees were on the eve of giving up the property, the mill, assay office, house, stable, etc., were destroyed by fire, completely wiping out the entire plant." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1896)

1896
"This property, covering twenty claims, had been lying idle up to a short time ago, ever since the destruction of its mill by fire in May, 1895." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1897)

1897
"Last Chance Gulch Placer. -- A lease is secured by Dunshee & Williams from the mouth of Last Chance Gulch to the site of the old Stewart No.1 mill, where a water power jigging outfit is to be installed. They anticipate recovering much of the fine gold, amalgam and quicksilver lost in the milling campaigns of the flush early days." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 13 1897 p.589)

1898
"The Stewart was the pioneer of gold milling in Bingham, and though many failures were met with it was due to the then primitive methods of gold recovery, and not to a want of values." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 23 1898 p.503)

Jordan Stamp Mill = Galena Mill

Note: There was also a Jordan Mill with 60 stamps on the Jordan River.

Early photo in Smith Wilbur Smith's scrapbook: "Bingham Canyon Story"

Shown on D&RGW district claims map

1878
"The [Jordan Mining and Smelting Company] intends to erect concentrating and smelting works on the Jordan this coming year [this may refer to the Jordan River]." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1879)

1879
"Experimental Jordan 10-stamp mill built." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.408)

1879
"In 1879...the experimental Jordan 10-stamp mill [was] built." (Marcus E. Jones, U.S. Treasury Dept., Internal Commerce of the United States, 1890? p.899-900)

1880
"Jordan is working twenty-five men. Considerable gold quartz is being extracted, which receives attention at the mill." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 14 1880 p.123)

1880
"In this camp, the Old Jordan has been opening up a large body of low-grade free-milling gold ore, which is said to average $1350 per ton. This figure is, however, so much beyond the average in other mines working similar ores, that we think the figure may allow a discount. There appears to be a large body of the ore, whatever its average grade may be. The company's new mill is progressing and will be finished about July 1st. The manager asserts that he can mine, ship, and mill the ore for $3 per ton." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 22 1880 p.353)

1880
"Developments at the Jordan continue, and the completion of the company's new mill is promised within a few weeks." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 14 1880 p.106)

1880
"The Jordan Company expects to start up its new sixty-stamp mill in a few days." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 28 1880 p.139)

1880
"Several hundred tons of gold ore were run through the 10-stamp mill in the [1880 U.S.] census year in experimenting. Its average assay value was $19.90 gold and $8.40 silver per ton.... The company also owns a 10-stamp gold mill, built in 1879-'80, for the purpose of experimenting on the gold ores.... The 10-stamp mill at the mine is a steam gold mill with 500-pound stamps, amalgamated copper-plate riffles, two pans, one settler, one Ball amalgamator, and some tie-boxes for concentration of lead ores. During the census year, while experimenting on the gold ore, but 1,500 tons were worked. The ore is not free, and though it worked well in pans, that was found to be too expensive a process for ore of such low grade." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.409)

1880
"The mill is started up running on gold ore and a force of 27 men are employed in the mine." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1881)

1881
"The Jordan mine has produced about [1000 tons of ore, one-third was concentrations]" (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1882)

1882
"The Old Jordan Company takes in the Jordan, which is a mile long, the American Flag, and Excelsior. It has a 60-stamp mill on the Jordan River, a million tons of ore in sight, and a 10-stamp mill on the ground with which it is experimenting. The principal owner is L.E. Holden, of Cleveland, Ohio." (Resources and Attractions of Utah, O.J. Hollister 1882 (at State Archives) p.30)

1882
"The ten-stamp Jordan mill located at the mine was 'a steam mill with 500-pound stamps, amalgamated copper-plate riffles, two pans, one settler, one Ball amalgamator, and some tie boxes for concentration of lead ores.'" (USGS PP38 p.90)

1887
"At the Jordan concentrating mill, by the proper adjustment of screens and jigs and tables, galena and pyrites are now pretty well separated, allowing the galena to go direct to the smelters, and leaving but about 12 per cent of lead in the pyrites to be lost in roasting.... Much of the larger proportion of their output is, however, a concentrating ore, seven tons of which makes one ton carrying 50 per cent lead, 30 ounces silver, and $12 gold. The concentrating mill has a capacity of 50 or 60 tons per 24 hours. (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1888)

1888
"The [Old Jordan Mining & Milling] company ran their Jordan mill on ore from the South Galena. The mill was improved to the extent of $3000 during the year." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1889)

1890
"The South Galena, owned by the same company that owns the Jordan, has of late produced so abundantly that it has almost suspended operations on the Jordan. The mine employs some 60 to 75 men and produced last year some 10,589 tons of ore. About one-third of the ore is first class, while the rest is concentated at the Jordan mill at the rate of 60 tons per day; 2 to 3 tons of ore make one ton of concentrates. The mine is down about 250 feet. The first-class ore runs about 50 per cent. lead, 30 ounces in silver and $15 in gold. The second-class ore runs 15 per cent. lead, 14 ounces in silver, $5 in gold, and is concentrated till it runs 60 per cent. lead, 30 ounces in silver, and $18 in gold." (Marcus E. Jones, U.S. Treasury Dept., Internal Commerce of the United States, 1890? p.890)

1892
"Jordan. -- Twenty tons of concentrates have been shipped. The old Excelsior tunnel, now in 300 ft., is being driven ahead to intersect the Jackson incline." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 6 1892 p.136)

1893
"Complaints are made in the Old Jordan mill of the rapid destruction of iron pipes due to the presence of sulpheric acid in the mine waters." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 10 1893 p.544)

1893
"Along Highland Gulch there is very little doing, except that the Old Jordan mill is running and the South Galena and other Holden properties are being worked, chiefly by leasers, so as to send out a good amount of ore daily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 26 1893 p.223)

1894
"Old Jordan & Galena Mining Company. -- This company, at Bingham, has finished concentrating the ores taken out since quitting mining on January 20th. There was considerable ore broken down and lying at the bottom of the stopes. This ore was taken out by laborers after the discharge of miners and now the mill has stopped. It is now proposed to change the jigs so as to concentrate carbonate ores, which will be taken out by leasers." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Mar 3 1894 p.208)

1894
"The Old Jordan & Galena concentrating mill has started up again, says the Bingham 'Bulletin.' It is making only day runs for the present, and is treating carbonate ore for the lessees." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 28 1894 p.400)

1895
"The Old Jordan mill at Bingham resumed operations on May 11th with one shift for the present, and will run for about a week on second class ores which have been mined by the lessees. After one week the mill will operate full force, and will concentrate the ores mined by the company, a force of about 40 men now being at work in those portions of the mine not under lease...." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 25 1895 p.494)

1896
"The Galena mill started up Monday after a two weeks' shut-down, and is running like new. It is treating over 100 tons per day, and is said to have greater capacity." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, Feb 4 1896 p.9)

1896
"On Monday the Galena mill started up after a several day's shut-down, during which a new-fangled jig, new set of rolls, and other machinery were added." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, Apr 23 1896 p.8)

1896
"There is talk of the Galena mill starting up in a few days, but Mr. Holden who was here yesterday, said nothing definite about it." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, Dec 24 1896 p.9)

1896
"On Monday last the South Galena mill started up and will be run indefinitely with two shifts. The mill has been idle since last May, and the resumption of work is due to a contract recently closed between Mr. Holden and the Germania smelter, whereby the latter will take all the concentrates the mill can turn out. The ore carries a good percentage of iron in the form of pyrites, and is desirable as a flux...." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, Dec 31 1896 p.9)

1897
"Jordan-Galena. -- Mainly due to repairs on the mill, shipments were light the past few weeks; the usual output will soon be in order." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 22 1897 p.523)

1897
"Old Jordan and Galena. -- After a week's rest for general overhauling the mill resumed operations Monday. The regulation 12 hours' run is 100 to 120 tons, reduced to about 60 tons of concentrates. Two smelting products are turned out, a lead-silver, and iron with gold and silver; each is always in demand. Iron concentrates carry 40 percent and over in iron, with not to exceed 4 percent silica. Besides the company's operations there are some 30 leases on old dumps and workings. A cyaniding annex to the mill is under consideration." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 28 1897 p.258)

1897
"Old Jordan & Galena. -- Mill is running full capacity, 110 tons per diem, or about 55 tons concentrates. No crude ore is sent out, as the mill products are more profitable." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 16 1897 p.469)

1897
"On the opening of the 1898 season a cyanide plant is determined on, to treat the extensive bodies of auriferous oxide mineral opened up." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 11 1897 p.709)

1897
"There are large bodies of gold ore suitable for cyaniding and which for two years has been successfully treated by that process. As there is enough of this class of ore to produce millions, it is understood that the management of this great group have decided to soon erect a large plant to treat these ores by the cyanide process, and that the mill will be on the Old Jordan ground." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1898)

1898
"Old Jordan & Galena. -- The closing of the concentrator of this company, due to a question as to silver settlements with the smelters, was very brief in duration, and the mining company, having gained its point, resumed operations at both mine and mills with a full force. The concentrates, in addition to their lead and silver contents, carry an important percentage of iron, and as a result are in much demand with the smelters." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 29 1898 p.143)

1898
"The Old Jordan mill has run steadily during February and delivered 1600 tons of concentrates." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 5 1898 p.263)

1898
"Old Jordan & Galena. -- Contract was closed this week for an auxiliary to the present plant, to treat the extensive belt of auriferous ores that overlies the sulphides. It will be a plant for cyanide treatment and is to have a capacity of 100 tons per day. The structure will be a part of the present concentrator and will have a 7x10 Blake crusher, a 6x9 improved Dodge, one Eclipse ore feeder, and one 75-ton revolving dryer. The Colorado Iron Works Company has secured the contract for the machinery; Haynes & Son of Salt Lake City that for the cyaniding tanks, etc., and Joseph Dederichs will erect the superstructure." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Mar 5 1898 p.293)

1898
"Old Jordan & Galena. -- Mill of this company, which closed for repairs recently, has resumed operations. Company is at present the largest shipper in Bingham." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Mar 19 1898 p.353)

1898
"Old Jordan & Galena. -- Grading for the cyanide adjunct to the concentrator was interrupted by weather conditions. All contracts for machinery and tanks are closed." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 2 1898 p.413)

1898
"At the Old Jordan & Galena at Bingham, from 450 tons of crude ore put through the concentrators every sixteen hours 150 tons of concentrates are derived." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 30 1898 p.470)

1898
"Two cars of concentrates were shipped from the Galena of Bingham." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 28 1898 p.570)

1898
"The Old Jordan and Galena are about completing a cyanide plant to run in connection with their concentration mill. There are crushing, rolling and drying machines and nine leaching tanks, having a capacity of 100 tons per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 4 1898 p.594)

1898
"Old Jordan & Galena. -- The building for the cyaniding annex is complete, and this plant will soon be in operation. Total tankage is 450 tons, or 50 per diem for an 8-day leach. As the ore will not require so long treatment, the capacity will be fully 50 per cent. greater." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 11 1898 p.712)

1898
"Old Jordan & Galena. -- The cyaniding plant will start its initial campaign next week. Col. H.G. Heffron is in charge." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 18 1898 p.743)

1898
"The cyaniding annex is in smooth operation. For its capacity, no more complete mill of the kind can be found in Utah." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 25 1898 p.773)

1898 Old Jordan and Galena Mining Co. Run day and night. Water from springs and tunnels to 40,000 gallon tank on hill in rear of works. Con. bldgs substantial and painted. Crushers, solution tanks, leaching tanks, sump tanks, zinc boxes. Crushers and conveyors, 12 jigs, 3 concentrating tables. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, July 1898 #5)

1898
"Since the concentrating mill started in August, '97, on the Old Jordan and Galena at Bingham little development work has been done. The mill has run steadily, treating 125 tons daily." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 13 1898 p.162)

1898
"The starting of the old Jordan and Dewey mills alone insures an increased output [for September ore shipments]." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 17 1898 p.287)

1898
"It is estimated that the output of the Old Jordan concentrator at Bingham for October will reach over 1500 tons." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 15 1898 p.383)

1898
"The Old Jordan & Galena of Bingham shipped 200 pounds of auro-cyanides last week. The management contemplates a larger crushing capacity." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 29 1898 p.431)

1898
"The Old Jordan mill at Bingham is turning out concentrates rapidly, but Supt. Holden says if lead goes below $3.50 he will shut down." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 12 1898 p.486)

1899
"After lying idle since December, the Old Jordan and Galena mill has started on a several days' cleanup, when it is to be thoroughly overhauled and repaired." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 11 1899 p.269)

1900
"Experiments in concentration were made by the United States Mining Company at the Jordan mill during the summer of 1900...." (USGS PP38 p.95)

New York and Utah Mill

1878
"The works of the New York and Utah Milling Company are located at Revere Switch, at the mouth of Bingham Canyon, 5-1/2 miles below Bingham. They were built in the summer of 1878 as leaching works for raw ore. About 400 tons of ore, principally from the Lucky Boy mine, assaying from 20 to 25 ounces, were leached, and yielded from 8 to 10 ounces [gold] per ton. The present company was organized in March, 1880. The works are intended to treat the 'rebellious' silver and gold ores of Bingham, or sulphurets of iron, zinc, etc. (lead excepted); and at the time of the writer's visit were almost completed. They have cost to date about $30,000. The intended process is to roast and leach both the gold and silver. The company owns 5 acres of land and water rights, and have erected buildings containing a 40 horse-power engine, rotary drier, Howland crusher, one pulverizer, one Libsey single-stamp battery, one Brewster roasting furnace, and leaching vats. The Libsey stamp is an eastern invention (patented June 3, 1880). It consists of one 900-pound stamp, speed 120 drops per minute, and drop 5 inches; a pulley also gives it seventy-five revolutions per minute. The shoe and die are 15 inches in diameter, the feed being through the opening in the boss...." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.412)

Stewart No.2 Stamp Mill

1878
"On the west side of Carr Fork is the Tilden, which was patented last fall, and owned by Dr. Amos K. Smith and Frank H. Dyer. At discovery there is a tunnel in on the ledge 165 feet, showing ore of a grade and character similar to the Stewart. Four hundred feet east of discovery an incline is down 170 feet, showing a four foot vein of ore that will assay $30 per ton gold, with some silver. There are about one hundred tons of this ore now on the dump. This mine, like many of the Carr Fork, Muddy, and Lap Gulch mines, must remain idle until some enterprising parties, with a little capital, put up a custom mill in the canyon. A forty stamp mill would fill the bill, and as the owners of the gold bearing quartz ledges of this vicinity are too poor to purchase machinery, they must necessarily wait patiently for outside help. This, however, is coming in fast, and this coming year will be one of unusual activity in West Mountain District.... The owners of the mine do not intend starting up until they have a mill of their own to work their ore." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1879)

1879
"The new mill erected has not been constantly running for the reason that the facilities for transporting the ore from the mine was not adequate to the demands of the mill." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1880)

1879
"In 1879...the Bevan 10-stamp mill...[was] built." (Marcus E. Jones, U.S. Treasury Dept., Internal Commerce of the United States, 1890? p.899-900)

1878 Description of 20 stamp gold mill, capacity 40/50 tpd. Treats ore with copper plates coated with quicksilver. (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 16 1878 p.349)

1879
"The Stewart No.2 reduced 25 tons a day in a 10-stamp mill. There was such a high loss on these siliceous gold ores that they were neglected. Developments [in the mine] showed oxidized ore changing in strike and dip to sulphide ore carrying copper, gold, and silver. These were avoided at that period because no appreciable saving could be made by the free-milling process. Later an attempt was made to work the oxidized ore left in the mine by amalgamation. The saving by this process is said not to have exceeded 50 per cent gold, and no better results were obtained by cyaniding. No attempt was made to combine the two methods. These operations covered the period between 1879 and 1894." (USGS PP38 p.282)

1880
"The Bevan Mining company owns a 10-stamp gold mill and a group of gold mines adjacent to and northeast of those of the Stewart company.... The company's 10-stamp mill, located on Carr Fork, three-quarters of a mile from the mine, was erected in July, 1879 and ran at intervals during the autumn, winter, and following spring. About 1,500 tons were crushed, from which $20,000 were obtained. It is said that the gold was free and easily caught, but that several dollars per ton in silver were lost. Accurate information regarding the milling results was not obtainable." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.419)

1881
"A 10 stamp mill, with plates for saving the free gold, has been erected, but experiments proved that much of the gold and all of the silver passed off in the tailings, so that the mill at present lies idle, awaiting pans and settlers, with additional power." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1882)

1882
"The Stewart No.2 was incorporated in Salt Lake, as the Bevan Company; it has a surface area of 600x1,500 feet, is extensively opened, has a 10-stamp mill on Carr Fork, and has recently passed into the hands of an Eastern organization." (Resources and Attractions of Utah, O.J. Hollister 1882 (at State Archives) p.30)

1882
"The Stewart No.2 adjoins the Stewart, and appears to be on the same body of ore. It has a 10-stamp mill, which reduces about 25 tons of ore per day. An Eastern company has been working the mine for several months past with reported success." (Report of the Director of the Mint, 1883 p.263)

1890 Bevan Mining & Milling Co., 10-stamp battery, 11 settling tanks. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Nov 1890 #2)

1891
"The mill was run only a short time and crushed about 100 tons of ore, chiefly refuse taken out of the mine, hence the product was not great...it is probable that the mill will make a good record this year." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1892)

1892
"Stewart No.2, Carr Fork. -- The machinery for the new mill has arrived and is being placed in position." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 30 1892 p.482)

1892
"Stewart No.2. -- .... Prior to starting for this new vein there was blocked out in the old part of the mine fully 20,000 tons of gold ore about the same value as that of the new strike, but more difficult to work. Now the property is so well opened that the mill will soon be started." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 16 1892 p.64)

1892
"Stewart No.2. -- A Jordan Amalgamator has arrived and will be used in connection with the Crawford mill recently bought." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 1 1892 p.328)

1893
"The Stewart No.2 has a mill, but is not working at present, the property being under bond. The cyanide process has not yet been used on a working scale." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 1 1893 p.304)

1894
"In the fall of 1894 the [Stewart No.2] mill was burned, and from that time to the summer of 1897 the property was idle." (USGS PP38 p.282)

1895
"Stewart No.2. -- This property, after a number of years of idleness, is now running, with Mr. J.K. Clark at the head, says the Salt Lake 'Herald.' Encouraging developments have been made recently." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 31 1895 p.208)

1895
"The Stewart No.2 practically laid idle the entire year...." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1896)

1897
"Stewart No.2 Sale. -- A transfer of Stewart No.2, group of 40 acres, on Carr Fork, is just completed. The tract was owned by the Bevan Mining Company, whose shares were practically all held by George D. Haven. A.J. Bettles is the purchaser of record. This ground, Fanny Lee, La Grippe and Etna B. claims, 45 or more acres, it is understood, is acquired by the original Highland Boy promoters and will form the nucleus of another London company. F.B. Cook, of Salt Lake, secured options on these several tracts, making what is perhaps the most important deal in Bingham of the past year." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 25 1897 p.768)

1898
Bevan M. and M. Co.'s Gold Mill (known as Stewart Mill No.2). 10 stamp battery. Run day and night...not in operation July 1898. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, July 1898 #5)

1925
"No data are available for the total tonnage treated [by the Stewart No.2 mill], but the best monthly record was $23,800 profits. The Stewart No.2 reduced 25 tons a day in a 10 stamp mill. The highly siliceous gold ores were avoided on account of the heavy loss from the sulphides carrying copper and could not be worked by the free milling process. By amalgamation, the loss was 50 percent and no better results were obtained by cyaniding. These operations covered the period from 1879 to 1894 when the mill was burned down." (History of Utah Copper, compiled by L. F. Pett, 1925 p.3)

Hazelgrove & Mullet Mill

1879
"After the [Telegraph] mine caved in 1879, the present company adopted an inactive policy in regard to that property, leasing out portions to various parties. The longest lease given was one extending over a period of six years to George Mullett of this city and Isaac Hazelgrove, now of Mercur. The parties went into virgin ground, and wherever they penetrated new ore bodies were discovered. So successful were they that after their first year they erected a concentrating mill in main Bingham, for the reduction of the second-class ores, and consequently increased their earnings. After the expiration of this lease no long term leases were given...." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, July 9 1896 p.4)

1895
"[J.B. Rogers] is now grading for his new location at a point just below the old Hazelgrove & Mallet mill, and in re-erecting he will increase and improve on the old mill." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 28 1895 p.307)

Holt Concentrating Works

1880
"The Holt concentrating works were erected in the spring of 1880 at the mouth of Butterfield Canyon. They had a 6 horse-power engine, a revolving screen, four jigs, and four tie-boxes. They worked two months, during the year preceding the writer's visit, on waste-dump material from the Wasatch and Yosemite mines, assaying from 12 to 20 per cent. lead and from 5 to 9 ounces silver. Concentrations (about 1 to 3-1/2) assayed 55 per cent. lead, 14 ounces silver, and $4 gold." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.421)

Lead Mine Mill or Lead Mill

Millsite and abandoned mill building is located on the Bingham Mining Map, USGS PP38.

Plant Projects Group has a photograph dated about 1906 which locates the "Pest House" at the center of the curve of the D&RGW trestle, and thus at least some of the mill buildings (see 1905, below).

Photo in Smith Wilbur Smith's scrapbook: "Bingham Canyon Story" appears to show tailings in Bingham Creek, and dikes, and possibly the abandoned foundation for machinery in a photo labeled "Early day Lead Mine scene (backwards?)" Whether the view is in fact backwards may be determined by carefully studying the lettering on a building in the scene.

1880
"The Lead mine...was purchased by the Lead Mine Company in the spring of 1880.... The second-class ore was piled upon the dump to await the erection of concentration works the next season." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.420)

1882
"The Lead...is equipped with a steam hoist, and owns a concentrating mill in Butterfield Canyon, with tramway to the mine.... There is a vast amount of ore in sight (362,000 tons), one-sixth of which carries 50 per cent lead and 5 to 10 ounces silver. The ore chimney shows no signs of bottoming and makes no water." (Resources and Attractions of Utah, O.J. Hollister 1882 (at State Archives) p.28)

1882
"The Lead Mine has produced throughout the year, and very important improvements have been made. Within the past ten days the concentrating mill, just completed, was started, and is working to the entire satisfaction of its owners. This mill has a capacity of 100 tons crude ore per day, which it reduces to thirty tons. The machinery consists of two steam boilers, a 100-horse power engine, crushers and plunge-jiggers, all enclosed in a suitable building. The works are in excellent condition, and well arranged throughout. A tramway 4 1/2 miles long is being used for bringing ore from the mine, employing fourteen teams for the purpose.... At the mine, the mill and on the tramway there is employed over sixty men. The property is owned by the Lead Mining Company, the principal owners being E.W. Nash and E.D. Shell." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1883)

1882
"The Lead mine has a large chimney of low-grade ore, opened about 600 feet in depth, and laterally by several levels or drifts. At least four-fifths of the ore requires to be dressed to bring it to a working grade. For this purpose a mill, with a capacity of 100 tons of crude ore per day, has recently been built in Bingham Canyon, and a tramway of about 4 miles in length constructed to bring the ore from the mine. From the location of the mine and its exploration it is considered to be below the belt of pyrites which cuts out the oxidized ores in most of the Bingham lead mines, and in consequence of this it is expected that the ore will be found in an oxidized condition to an infinite depth. It has usually been held that these low-grade ores could not be profitably concentrated, but the owners of the Lead mine, who are experienced, practical mining and milling men, claim to have demonstrated that it can be done, and to this end have expended $40,000 in erecting the necessary buildings and constructing suitable works. The First West Extension of the Telegraph and the Yosemite were quite heavy shippers of ore in 1882, and both mines are looking well and promise a steady production for some years to come." (SPM 1883 p.262)

1883
"Three and a half tons of low grade ore are concentrated into one.... Two shifts of seven men will concentrate 100 tons in twenty-four hours. The crude ore averages 19 3/4 per cent lead and 2 1/8 oz. silver per ton. Average of concentrates, 7 ozs. silver, 56 percent lead.... The average of the concentrates of the Lead Mine is 4 ozs. silver 55 per cent lead and one and a half gold. The quantity of water used is 150 gallons per minute. The average of the concentrates of the Lead Mine is 4 ozs. silver 55 per cent lead and one and a half gold. The quantity of water used is 150 gallons per minute." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1884)

1883
"The Lead mine...is owned by an incorporated company, Mr. Honory [Hanauer?], of Salt Lake, being the principal stockholder.... The company has erected, 3 miles below Bingham, a concentrator, which is worked by an engine of 50 horse-power; also commodious buildings. The ore is dumped from the tramway into the ore house, and carried through crushers and revolving screens to the rollers. Three and one-half tons of low-grade ore are concentrated into one, and two shifts of seven men each can concentrate 100 tons in 24 hours. The best ore averages 19 3/4 gold and 2 1/8 silver per ton, and the average of the concentration is 7 ounces silver and 56 per cent. lead. The tramway leading to the mill is 4-1/2 miles long, down a 24-inch grade, and is operated by mule power. The cost of hauling the ore from the mine to the mill is stated to be 50 cents per ton. The product of the concentrator of the Lead mine has been 4 ounces of silver and 55 per cent. lead and $1.50 gold to the ton." (Report of the Director of the Mint, 1884 p.635)

1885
"These mines...have within the past three years yielded nearly 50,000 tons of ore.... The ore is low grade, about half of it requiring concentration to render it marketable...." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1886)

1886
"During the year the fine mill on the railway in the Canyon was idle most of the time. It is an excellent mill, having a capacity of concentrating eighty tons per day of twenty-four hours. Ore is dumped in the top from the cars which come down the tramway, and this ore is concentrated about four tons into one, getting about all the metal, even to what is usually carried off in the slums." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1887)

1887
"The ore is galena and some pyrites carrying about 36 per cent lead, 12 ounces silver, and $2 to $3 gold. A tramway takes it four or five miles to the concentrating mill on the railway in Lower Bingham. The fine ore drops through a grizzly into the mill, the lumps are roasted in heaps prior to shipment. The mill has been rejuvenated the past year.... The ores go mainly to the Hanauer smelter, which owns the mine." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1888)

1887
"The Lead Mine Company's plant is the most extensive in the district, and consists of the usual hoisting works, and other improvements at the mine, a concentrating mill of 100 tons capacity per diem, and, connecting the latter with the mine, a tramway 5-1/2 miles in length, constructed at a cost of $30,000." (Report of the Director of the Mint, 1888 p.241-242)

1888
"This property possesses a fine concentrating mill, having a capacity to handle seventy or eighty tons ore per day, and which is located on the line of the Denver & Rio Grande Western, four and a half miles from the mines, which are connected by a good tramway.... The mill is operated by steam power, and so located as to have ample water for dressing ores.... The character of the ores are silver lead, first class carrying 57 per cent lead and 12 ounces silver and $1 to $2 in gold per ton, second class runs about 25 per cent lead and 6 ounces silver, which is sent to the mill and concentrated to yield a product equal to first class ore. The mine has reached a point beyond oxidized ore and is in sulphurated ores. Grave doubts were expressed a few years ago about successfully concentrating such ores, as the gangue was principally from pyrites. This problem has been successfully solved at the Lead Mine mill. In fact, Mr. Treweak states that he would rather concentrate such ores than the carbonates heretofore found in the mine since the loss is not nearly so great." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1889)

1889
"There was some general improvements about the building and the capacity of the concentrating mill was doubled, making it now equal to handling 100 tons crude ore per day." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1890)

1890
"Lead Mine Co., run day and night, capacity 50 tons in 24 hours, crusher, feeder, 2 sets rolls, many jigs, vanner tables, shaking tables, box flume. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Nov 1890 #4)

1890
"The Yosemite mine was operated...since June last in which time about 6000 tons of ore was extracted and sent to the Lead concentrating mill.

"The Lead mill employs ten men to put through 85 tons of crude ore per day, which produces about 45 tons of concentrates, the first-class averaging 45 per cent lead and 12 ounces silver while the second-class runs about 13 per cent lead and 5 ounces silver." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1891)

1896 The Lead "mill was burned to the ground July 24,1896, but was fully insured." (A Hand Book on the Mines, Miners, and Minerals of Utah 1896 p.226)

1896
"The Lead mill, which since the big deal [purchase by Dalton & Lark] has been undergoing improvements and thorough repairs, will be ready to start up on or before the 15th." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, Mar 12 1896 p.8)

1896
"The Lead mill had a concentrating capacity of 200 tons of ore per day. After its purchase [by Dalton & Lark] it was repaired and improved greatly at a cost of $3000 and operated for a time up to about the middle of July [1896] when it was destroyed by fire, entailing a loss which it would cost about $25,000 to replace. The company has not yet decided what kind of a plant they will put in on the same ground...." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1897)

1897
"Dalton & Lark. -- A pyritic smelter, to be erected on the site of the old lead mill, below Bingham on the Rio Grande Western, is under consideration. Management is now looking into details of cost, capacity, ore supply, etc., aided by the counsel of a consulting engineer." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 25 1897 p.768)

1898
"Thirty carloads of ore left Lead mill and Bingham last week." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 12 1898 p.183)

1905
"Though many precautionary measures were taken by the [Bingham] city fathers to insure health protection, still Bingham suffered a severe small pox epidemic in 1905. Since there was no hospital the town purchased tents and medical equipment to be used for detention and isolation hospitals. These tents were put up at the old, abandoned lead mill down the canyon, which became known as the 'pest house'. The local physicians were aided by various townspeople who acted as nurses. Vaccination was carried on to prevent further spread of the disease." (Spendlove p.64)

"In the 1880's and 1890's there was the Hanauer family operating the Lead Mine and mill, also the smelter at Bingham Junction [Midvale]." (JSD)

"At some of the large operations there was erected mills where the ore was concentrated. One of these concentrators was erected...in Bingham Canyon near the present site of Copperton and was known as the Lead Mill." (JSD)

"About [actually before] 1900 the ore from the mines was transported to the Lead Mill by mule tram.... The ore mined during these early days were carbonate lead ore containing appreciable amounts of silver." (JSD)

"In contrast to this electric haulage which was one of the first installations of its kind in Utah, I recall the old mule tram extending from the Lead Mine (one of the mines in this new consolidation) easterly and northerly on a meandering course over the east slope down to the Lead Mine mill in Bingham Canyon. Over this tram the loaded ore train was allowed to coast down and was kept in control by mutual braking, and the train included a special car to carry the mule. The mule then hauled the empty cars back to the mine. This Lead Mine mill was situated on the south slope of Bingham Canyon opposite the Utah Copper town of Copperton." (T.P. Billings)

"The Lead Mine Company, controlled by Hanauer interests that carried on early day lead smelting in the Bingham Junction [Midvale] area....

"A mill was constructed by the Lead Mine Company on a site located at the south side of the entrance to Bingham Canyon and alongside the Bingham branch of the D&RG system. This location has been a designated shipping point for US mine ores materials and supplies when the Bingham and Garfield was abandoned in 1947." (T.P. Billings Aug 10, 1960)

Brooklyn Mill

1882
"The Martin, or Telegraph Extension, has produced well... A five-stamp mill, operated by a 20-horse power engine, has been provided at a cost of $3,000, and on the mine is a good hoisting works which cost $800." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1883)

1883
"The Brooklyn, formerly known as the Martin...has...works for concentrating low-grade ores, operated by fourteen men... A low-grade ore is exposed, which averages 11 ounces silver and 50 per cent. lead." (Report of the Director of the Mint, 1883 p.635)

1883 At the Brooklyn, "Small concentrating works have been erected to work the low grade ore, of which there is abundance on the dumps and large quantities exposed and untouched in the mine. This concentrator is operated by four men, one shift of twelve hours. It has proven successful and will be operated all winter. Water for the mill, hoisting works and domestic purposes, is conveyed through pipes from a spring in the vicinity and from the Gray Eagle mine, at the head of Black Jack Canyon." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1884)

1885
"Of the 750 tons of ore produced monthly at the mine, 650 tons are first class; that is, carrying fifty per cent lead and nine ounces silver, while one hundred tons are concentrates from the little mill, raised to the first class grade. The mill does good work, and is of sufficient capacity to treat all the second class ore produced by the mine." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1886)

1888
"The Brooklyn comprises several locations adjoining the Old Telegraph on the northeast. The hoisting works and concentrating mill are in Yosemite Gulch, 300 to 400 feet lower than the divide between it and Bear Gulch.... The ores are galena, carbonates, and sulphates, 60 per cent requiring concentration to bring it to shipping grade to-wit, 10 ounces silver and 50 per cent lead. Concentration is by jigs and tables, and costs 75 cents to $1 per ton. Three hundred to 500 tons are shipped per month by the Brooklyn, and have been the past four years...." (Salt Lake Journal of Commerce, 1888)

1887
"About 60 per cent of the ores produced are concentrated at a cost of about $1 per ton of crude ore before shipping. The mine is furnished with a steam hoist, concentrating mill, shops, and buildings for the men, of whom about 90 are usually employed at an average wage of $3.00 a day.... The ores are now conveyed to the railway at the Lead-mill by the Lead tramway, extended the past year from the Lead around the hill to the Brooklyn and Yosemite and the smelters. The mine has produced about 6000 tons of shipping ore, yearly, the past four years, and from all appearance, can do so indefinitely." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1888)

1895
"The concentrating mill [was] run part of the time on custom ores." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1896)

Yosemite Mill

1882
"A concentrator has been put in operation at a cost of over $1000, having a capacity of eighty tons of crude ore per day. It reduces three tons into one." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1882)

1883
"The [Yosemite] company has erected hoisting works, ore house, blacksmith shop, boarding-house, assay and general office, and has provided a concentrator and ore crusher with a capacity of 40 tons in 24 hours." (Report of the Director of the Mint, 1884 p.635)

1883
"Also a complete concentrator and ore crusher, etc., with capacity for forty tons every twelve hours. Water for running the mill and for other purposes, is obtained from the mine." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1884)

1885
"The [Yosemite] property is one of the oldest and best known in Utah, having been located in 1865, and been continuously worked since. It embraces six claims...also two concentrating mills, one at the mine and one a mile below it, with a joint capacity of eighty tons in twelve hours.... George C. Harkins is superintendent of the mine and mills...with James K. Beveridge as foreman of the mills." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1886)

1886
"Yosemite -- The new concentrating mill was to have started up this week. It has a capacity of 40 or 50 tons of ore per twelve-hour shift, reducing to about ten tons concentrates. This mill is so located as to be reached by the railroad should the proposed branch of the Bingham road be extended there." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 8 1886 p.343)

1886
"The [Yosemite mine's] tramway transports ore at the rate of eight tons per hour at a cost of twelve to fifteen cents per ton. This wire tramway is one and one-third miles long, connecting the mill with the large concentrator in Butterfield Canyon. This is one of the largest mills in Utah, having a capacity of 100 tons per full day." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1887)

1888
"The [Yosemite] works are in Yosemite Gulch, the concentrating mill three miles below, in Butterfield Canyon." (Salt Lake Journal of Commerce, 1888)

1895
"Back in the early days of the Yosemite mine E.C. Benedict put up a mill down in Butterfield canyon, two miles from the mine, and spent a great deal of money there. The New Tintic company lately purchased this mill and have remodeled and repaired it at a cost of $3000, and about December 15th it was put in operation. It has a capacity of concentrating 120 tons of ore per day of twenty-four hours, and it is prepared to not only concentrate the second-class ore of the Yosemite, but also to run through much of the tens of thousands of tons of the old dumps of the mine." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1896)

1896
"The New Tintic Mining and Smelting company, operating the Yosemite group of mines and others, have put the Yosemite mill in fine running order and will next week have fifteen teams at work hauling ore. They have many thousands of tons of concentrating ore out, and Superintendent Hunter informs us the mill is about to begin on a long steady run." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, Jan 7 1896 p.8)

1896
"The Yosemite No.1 mill at Bingham was totally destroyed by fire last Saturday. The loss was over $100,000, with no insurance. The plant was erected twenty years ago, has been remodeled several times and at one time was owned by E.C. Benedict of New York. Its capacity was 200 tons per day." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, Mar 5 1896 p.6)

1899
"The [Yosemite] properties are equipped with machinery, including a 200-ton concentrator and 100-ton cyanide plant. Changes are being made in the mill and other preparations are making for extensive work." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 15 1899 p.67)

1900
"...was still in process of construction during the field season. It was to be supplied with extra heavy rolls to do fine crushing. Owing to the peculiar character of the ore, it is expected that some experimentation will be required before a satisfactory treatment is attained." (USGS PP38 p.383)

West Mountain Placer

1894
"West Mountain Placer Mining Company. -- This company has filed articles of incorporation. The incorporators are: John Butter, Bingham Canyon, Utah; John Dern, D.A. Lumbard, R.S. Somers, W.S. Brown, Fremont, Neb.; John Heimrich, E.H. Airis, Hooper, Neb.; A.M. Spooner, Salt Lake City.... The property consists of a portion of the Ireland and Watson placer claim in Bingham. Several of the incorporators are heavy stockholders in the Mercur Gold Mining and Milling Company." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 2 1894 p.519)

1894
"West Mountain Placer Mining Company. -- The shaft on this company's property is now down 111 ft., and is in shifting ground, the first yet encountered. This is giving considerable trouble, and slow progress toward bedrock is being made. The indications are becoming more favorable daily, however, and the colors in the washings increase with depth. The pumps are taking care of the water with ease, although the flow is 300 galls. per minute." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 10 1894 p.447)

1895
"West Mountain Placer Mining Company. -- Operations at the properties of this company, in Bingham, have been discontinued, and the plant will be placed entirely out of commission, says the Salt Lake 'Herald.' It is not known when work will be resumed, but it is probable that some changes will be ordered as soon as there is a decrease in the volume of water now overflowing the Bingham country. For some time past the company has been considering the advisability of closing down the works on account of the inability to cope with the water which flowed in a great stream just over bed rock and through the gravel for some feet above." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Mar 16 1895 p.255)

1896
"Work was this week resumed on the West Mountain placer, with Andy Mayberry as superintendent...is very valuable, according to results that have been obtained, which include washings varying from 50 cents to $1.50 to the pan. Work was suspended nearly a year ago, when a shaft had been sunk over 100 feet to bed-rock, in which operations are now resumed. Large hoisting works were erected when the shaft was sinking." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Jan 14 1896 p.7)

1896
"The superintendent, who is now in the city, exhibits here results of six pannings, varying from about 30 cents to over $1 to the pan. The gold is coarse, some nuggets being as large as buckshot. The West Mountain people are non-committal as to plans, but as the placers in their locality have been repeatedly prospected and proved to be rich, great interest is felt in the company's future operations." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Jan 21 1896 p.9)

1896
"We are sorry to learn that the project to operate the West Mountain placer, owing to unavoidable complications, has been dropped for the present. When it does get to work it will cause a sensation." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Feb 25 1896 p.8)

1896
"It is stated on apparently good authority that parties with capital have secured a bond lease on the West Mountain placer, and will actively operate it this summer. A considerable outlay will have to be made for machinery and development before there can be any return." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, May 21 1896 p.8)

1897
"Important Placer Consolidation. -- A union of the interests and holdings of the West Mountain Placer Mining Company and the Watson & Chandler Placer Mining Company was consummated on December 11th, thus placing under one management adjoining tracts, extending for several miles up the main Bingham Canyon. This ground is known to contain gold in quantity, but difficulty in handling the dirt has prevented it from being worked. By a new plan of operating this can be overcome and no further time is to be lost in developing it systematically. Those interested in the undertaking are T.R. Jones, George E. Chandler, George Davis, George Mullett, O.J. Salsbury, A. Hanauer, John Hedges, A.E. Ireland, Jeremiah Schenck, John Dern, E.H. Airis, John Heimrich and H.W. Brown." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 18 1897 p.739)

1898
"Work has been commenced on the hard rock shaft that is to be sunk to the level of bedrock, and orders for hoist machinery and pumps have been placed. Company has in hand the working of the placer deposits in the main channel of Bingham Canyon." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 26 1898 p.263)

1898
"West Mountain Placer Mining Company. -- This company's shaft, near Bingham, is having some trouble with water. C.W. Watson is superintendent." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 14 1898 p.592)

1899
"The product [of placer mining] is a number of ounces of coarse shot gold, containing nuggets from the size of wheat kernels to two pennyweights in weight. The nuggets are generally round and worn smooth. Gravel is now raised at the rate of ten to fifteen carloads daily. It yields not more than 20 per cent of what is shown by panning -- averages being about 20 cents to the pan. This is accounted for by the fact that the gravel is taken out of flowing water, that can not be fully arrested until the upper drift is completed. Old placer miners will doubt this statement of richness when told the bedrock on which the gravel rests is smooth as glass, yet so it is. The pumping works of the West Mountain were wisely located by Charley Watson on a narrow gorge -- in fact at the narrowest part of the creek. The bedrock here makes a quick fall, and was cut down by ancient rapids. One hundred feet below, where the working inclines are, is a broad basin in which the waters of the old river had a resting place. If gravel five feet deep, averaging 20 cents to the pan, is found on a smooth rapids bed, what will be found in that basin?" (Salt Lake Mining Review, Nov 15 1899 p.9)

1900
"This week [at West Mountain placer] about 100 mining carloads of gravel were washed. Not much was expected from it as it mostly came out of running water. The product is rich in pin head nuggets and was being panned yesterday. Manager Watson picked out of the boxes twenty nuggets varying in value from 25 cents to $1.65 each, and the pans show many worth from 10 to 15 cents." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 19 Mar p.8)

1900
"The results of the first cleanup at the West Mountain Placers at Bingham has been deposited in the bank, the net results being in the neighborhood of $1,000. The cleanup was made from a small run of 100 mine cars of gravel, the average value of which was $9.40 to the cubic yard. When operations are pushed on a scale mapped out by the management it is anticipated that the returns will be very heavy and that much excitement will be aroused over these diggings, which are believed to be richer than the Klondike." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Mar 30 1900 p.9)

1900
"C.E. Hudson was out at the West Mountain Placer yesterday and reports work being profitably pursued in the No.1 incline. Eleven cars of gravel are being taken out every twenty-four hours. Each car is said to contain about half a yard of gravel and affords about $3 in gold, making from $6 to $7 per yard." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 18 Jun p.4)

1900
"Advices received from the West Mountain Placer state that shot gold is now being encountered as drifting in No.1 incline gets nearer the channel. Heretofore flaky gold has been found and the change is considered very encouraging." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 6 July p.5)

C.W. Watson's Jig

1890
Fed by 200-foot flume (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Nov 1890 #1)

1894
"Watson Placer Mining Company. -- Starting near the Lead mill, this company some years ago cut a tunnel 2000 feet up stream and flumed it. At the upper end of this flumed part an inclined shaft with hoist was put in and the tunnel extended on up the gulch. It has now reached a length of 3700 feet and a depth of 140 feet below the surface. This tunnel is about four feet wide and six feet high, and after being used as long as desired in pushing ahead, or for taking out waste and gravel, a flume 16x16 inches is made of redwood lumber to carry off water with a view of making it profitable in irrigating lands below the mouth of Bingham canyon. This feature alone in time will make the tunnel a valuable property. But they expect to be well rewarded with gold which the rich gravel on bedrock will yield them. In one place they made a crosscut 150 feet, getting on the outside of where the rimrock had been tilted and getting into a side channel, and from this they took out quite a nice pocket of gravel which paid finely. But so far their mining has been only in the line of prospecting and whenever a pocket of rich gravel was struck it was washed, and that helped pay expenses in driving the tunnel. The company will soon be in condition to begin active work in mining gravel on bedrock, and hoisting to the surface, wash out gold through sluices. During the past year eight men were employed from January to May, when work was stopped for a time on account of excess of water, and again resumed in October and is going ahead now. The amount of gold taken out during the year was not large. They own very extensive placer claims along the line and above the face of their tunnel. A few days ago they reached bedrock and are finding excellent gravel, and soon the work of extracting and washing will begin in earnest." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1895)

1895
"The Watson Placer Mining company worked a little in the spring, but there being an over-abundance of water, mining was suspended and the property is still lying idle." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1896)

South Galena Mill = Holden Concentrator

1890
South Galena Mining Co.'s Concentrator, runs day and night. Crusher 2nd, 10 stamp battery, revolving screens, 4 jigs. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Nov 1890 #3)

1891
"Their mill handled from 50 to 100 tons per day, and for three months they had the Niagara mill, of like capacity, leased and operated also." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1892)

1892
"Holden Concentrator. -- The concentrating mill at the South Galena mine was burned to the ground on Friday, July 15th. The loss is about $30,000. Sixty men will be thrown out of work." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 23 1892 p.88)

1892
"A large force of carpenters are at work upon the new mill." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 13 1892 p.161)

1893
"In 1892 their concentrating mill was destroyed by fire, and was hastily replaced by a much better plant. During 1893 this plant was greatly improved by having more machinery added so as to make the operations much more satisfactory and also increased the capacity of the mill. Now the mill is well provided with rolls, screens, jigs and vanners, by which all the metal in the ore is concentrated and saved. It is now a model mill in this respect. The capacity of the mill is from 100 to 125 tons of concentrates daily, while considerable first-class ore is also shipped." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1894)

1895
"...the mill being operated but little...." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1896)

1898
South Galena M. and M. Co. "No watchman. Family lives on premises. No water. No fire apparatus. Buildings old & falling down. Not in operation, July 1898." (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, July 1898 #5)

Petro Mill

1891
"Petro Mining Company. -- This company has begun its survey for a long tunnel from the Cottonwood side through the hill to the Petro mine in Carr Fork gulch, Bingham.... Another object in driving the tunnel is to find water in sufficient quantity to run a concentrator at the mine." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 22 1891 p.226)

Rogers Mill

1891
"J.B. Rogers put in a Kendall stamp mill in Highland gulch [this is the name by which Galena Gulch was known], below the Spanish mine, for the purpose of working over the great body of tailings collected there. This mill is operated by steam and will be prepared to concentrate other ores besides the tailings upon which it will first be operated." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1892)

1893
"J.H. Rogers kept his small stamp concentrating mill busy part of the season on custom ores." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1894)

1894
"The mill operated by J.B. Rogers near the old Spanish appears to be quite successful. This mill has five stamps to crush the ore, wet process, from which the pulp runs through a hydraulic sizer, thence to three double jigs, where concentrates are collected, while the tailings are run into two round tanks or puddlers having revolving brooms. This arrangement collects concentrates while permitting the slimes or worthless portions to pass down the canyon. Three men operate this mill and handle an average of 25 tons of ore per day. The mill started May 1st for the year's run, and handled during the season 4900 tons of ore, concentrating five or six tons into one, making a product averaging 60 per cent lead, 12 ounces silver and $5 in gold." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1895)

1895
"J.B. Rogers, of Bingham, who has been running a small concentrating plant in Highland for years, working tailings and old dumps, is about to move his mill down to Main Bingham. He is now grading for his new location at a point just below the old Hazelgrove & Mallet mill, and in re-erecting he will increase and improve on the old mill." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 28 1895 p.307)

1895
"Mr. Rogers one year ago had a mill up near the Old Spanish and was doing well with it. The operations of the mills and jigs above there cut off his supply of suitable water, so last fall he moved it down the gulch a mile and now has a fine stamp mill having a capacity to handle sixty tons of ore each twenty-four hours. His is a wet crushing and dressing process, the pulp going from the battery to hydraulic sizers, thence to jig, where concentrates are collected, while the tailings are run into two round tanks or puddlers having revolving brooms. This arrangement collects concentrates while permitting slime to pass down the canyon. Before moving the mill, Mr. Rogers ran it about four months and handled over 2500 tons of ore." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1896)

1896
"Four carloads of concentrates from Northern Chief ore were shipped from the Rogers mill this week, and the mine is also getting down three cars of first-class as fast as the soft roads permit." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Jun 4 1896 p.8)

1896
"The Northern Chief is having a 200-ton lot treated at the Rogers mill." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, July 30 1896 p.8)

1896
"The Rogers mill is treating a 100 ton lot of second class from the Northern Chief, which is said to be doing finely." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Oct 22 1896 p.6)

1896
"On Wednesday fifty tons of concentrates of Northern Chief second-class were shipped from the Rogers mill." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Oct 29 1896 p.5)

1896
"The Rogers concentrator is running through a 100-ton lot of Northern Chief ore." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Dec 31 1896 p.9)

1896
"Had the price of lead been kept up the past year to what it was in the previous year, Mr. J.B. Rogers would have done well with his mill. But because of the great decline in lead he was compelled to let his property lie idle most of the year. It is a stamp mill for reducing the ore ready for jigs and puddlers. The mill was run about seventy days, in which time it reduced about 1800 tons of ore, which came from the Northern Chief, Old Telegraph and Old Jordan, all being custom work." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1897)

1896
"A large tonnage of Northern Chief second-class ore has been treated during the year in the custom mill of Mr. J.B. Rogers in Bingham Canyon, to the entire satisfaction of the mine-owners. The product was excellent, and this work adds to the reputation of the competency of Mr. Rogers as a millman." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1897)

1897
"Rough & Ready. -- By the first of the coming week ore will be regularly forwarded to the Rogers mill. Under more favorable market conditions the mine could reasonably count on a fair margin of profit for the season." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 7 1897 p.168)

1897
"During the past year it ran about nine months, in which time it concentrated 6500 tons of ore.... On base ore its concentration is about two and a half tons into one, while carbonate ores run as high as six into one. The product of concentrates the past year was about 2000 tons shipped to the smelters. The mill, with one shift per day, was operated by four men. J.B. Rogers, proprietor of this plant, has done well in handling such ores the past four or five years." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1898)

1898
"Ran about ten months in 1898...about 5000 tons of ore were put through, yielding 1200 tons of concentrates. Two classes of ore were concentrated of which 225 tons was carbonate, averaging from 40 to 45 per cent lead, while the other, 4775 tons of base an average of 20 per cent lead.... This mill, belonging to J.B. Rogers, has a capacity of twenty tons per day of nine hours...." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1899)

1898-1899
"The mill-tests were placed in charge of Jackling, who repaired the old Rogers mill, in the gulch just below the Ohio Copper mine and conveniently near the Wall property. The mill was equipped with a 5-stamp battery, two Wilfley tables, and a vanner. Henry M. Crowther acted as superintendent. The mill-tests served to check the sampling of the workings by Gemmell, and to determine the amenability of the ore to ordinary concentration." (Rickard p.18)

1898-1899
"In describing the tests made in the Rogers mill, Mr. Jackling states that the equipment consisted of five 650-lb. stamps, two Wilfley tables, and a 6-ft. vanner, the last, however, 'was scarcely used at all, as the belt was not in good shape, and it was impossible, with the appliances at hand, to separate the slimes and take them direct to the vanner without using such an excess of water that the work of the machine was worthless.' The ore was classified roughly in a hydraulic sizing-box, the coarser material going to one Wilfley table and the remainder, with a large excess of water, to the other table." (Rickard p.25)

1899
"Mill Record of Concentration Tests Made at De Lamar's Bingham Mines from June 27th to August 24th, 1899 -- The following tests were made in what is known as the Rogers mill in Main Bingham Canyon. The mill contains five 650-lb. stamps, two Wilfley tables and a 6-ft vanner. The ore was roughly separated into two classes by a hydraulic sizing box, the coarser material going to one table and the slimes and middle size with a large excess of water to the other. The vanner was scarcely used at all, as the belt was not in good shape and it was impossible with the appliances at hand to separate the slimes and take them direct to the vanner without using such an excess of water that the work of the machine was worthless." [Followed by a table listing test results for 258,400.0 pounds of ore] (Parsons, The Porphyry Coppers, p.56)

1899
"Standish & Jimpson have secured a half interest in the Rogers mill and will increase its capacity to forty tons. The building is to be enlarged and supplied with new machinery. The new outfit will be known as the Rogers M. Co. with J.B. Rogers Mgr." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 11 1899 p.269)

1900
"The Columbia Copper M. Co. are running three drifts from the main crosscut tunnel, on their property in Bingham canyon.... About twenty tons per day are being milled at the Rogers mill, which concentrates fifteen tons to one ton. The ores run about 2 percent copper and the concentrates 24 percent copper, $3 gold and silver and 15 percent iron excess. The ores carry about 85 percent silica, which is pretty thoroughly eliminated by the concentrators." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 17 1900 p.183)

1900
"The Silver Shield of Bingham had two cars of ore at the Sampler today. Two cars of crude ore and two cars of concentrates are promised next week." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 27 July p.5)

1900
"Silver Shield has a lot of about 100 tons of second-class ready for hauling to Rogers' mill; also 40 to 50 tons of crude awaiting shipment." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 4 Aug p.8)

1900
"The Silver Shield of Bingham had two cars of concentrates on the market today." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 15 Aug p.4)

1900
"Two cars of Columbia concentrates made at Rogers mill were among Bingham shipments this week." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 8 Sep p.6)

1900
"About 200 tons of Burning Moscow second-class are being reduced at Rogers' concentrator." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 8 Oct p.8)

1900
"Yesterday a carload of Columbia copper concentrates went from Rogers' mill. The mill is now running on Old Jordan dump ore." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 20 Oct p.9)

1900
"The Rogers mill is treating second-class ore from the Silver Shield." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 8 1900 p.576)

1900
"Frank B. Cook came in from the Columbia copper mine at Bingham last evening.... The company has a force of eleven men employed on the surface. Leasers are also engaged extracting some good shipping ore from the main workings on the company's domain. Four cars of this ore were on the market today with three cars of concentrates. Mr. Cook says one of the cars of ore will average about 25 per cent in the read metal, and the others will run close to 20 per cent. The ore was taken from a small streak to which the company has heretofore given but little attention." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 29 Dec p.7)

1900 The Bemis and the Rogers mills, both located in Bingham Canyon, do custom work on percentage.... The Rogers mill, at Upper Bingham, is smaller, and during 1900, was running fairly steadily on leasers' ore. It is equipped with 5 stamps of 650 pounds each, 2 revolving screens of 8 and 16 mesh, 3 jigs, 2 Wilfley tables, and a hydraulic sizer. Both copper and lead ores are treated. The capacity averages 20 to 25 tons in eight hours, but varies with the hardness, ranging from 10 to 30 tons. In 1900, during 250 days, 5,500 tons of ore were concentrated." (USGS PP38 p.95)

1901
"The Rogers mill at Bingham will start." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 26 1901 p.66)

1901
"The Rogers concentration mill at Bingham has been bought by E.A. Wall of Salt Lake City. The intention of the buyer, it is understood, is to make additions to the machinery and to remodel the plant." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 21 1901 p.278)

1902 Quit-Claim deed to Rogers Mill site, with land, buildings, machinery, and water right, was sold by Bingham Coal and Lumber company to Enos A. Wall, 13 Jun 1902 (Box 3, file 2066-2099, 9th Floor of Kennecott Building.)

1903
"At present the Columbia [M. Co.] is using the Rogers concentrator, reducing twenty tons daily." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 24 1903 p.278)

Bingham Gold Extracting Company Mill

1892
"Bingham Gold Extracting Company, Bingham. -- This company is making good progress with the erection of its new leaching mill. Charles Humphrey is superintendent of the company." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 30 1892 p.482)

Copper Placer Mill

Probably located on or near the Starlus claim.

1892
"Copper Placer. -- The mill has been completed and was started on July 27th. Some alteration will have to be made before continuous working." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 6 1892 p.136)

1896
"The [Bingham Copper] company having spent considerable time and money in experimenting with [copper sulphide and sulphate] ores, and so satisfactory have been the results that it is their intention to erect a fine mill for the treatment of their products as soon as the weather permits. It is designed to be a combination mill, as they have exposed thousands of tons of ore containing 4 per cent sulphate of copper that can be reduced at small cost by leaching with ¼ per cent solution of sulphuric acid, after crushing to a 10-mesh fine. It has been determined that five hours are required to leach a 25-ton tank of ore, and that the copper in solution can be precipitated in a few minutes with an electrical current of about 110 voltage. It is their experience that the gold and silver values in solution can be precipitated by the application of a stronger current.... The company is sanguine of success, and has planned a mill for the concentration of the sulphides and the leaching of the sulphates, to cost about $20,000, and estimate the cost of treatment at $1 per ton of crude ore." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Feb 4 1896 p.4)

Niagara or Spanish Cyanide Mill

Site of Spanish Mill

1894
"It is noteworthy that Colonel Heffron was the first to profitably win values from the oxidized gold ores of Bingham by cyaniding. This was in 1894 on mineral from Commercial and Niagara mill, at first with but slight success." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 22 1897 p.523)

1895
"[Niagara Mining Company's] properties working satisfactorily under the leasing system, to which it resorted some time ago, with a production of 60 tons of gold-bearing ore going daily through the mills. Colonel Heffron is in charge of the company's Utah group, and Watson & Mayberry of the Spanish. A new boiler is being added to the mill through which ores from the Spanish are being handled that will increase its capacity and the production from that property." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 20 1895 p.63)

1895
"Spanish. -- Some extensive improvements have recently been made in this mill at Bingham and within a short time full operations will be resumed. It is anticipated that the capacity of the plant will be materially increased. Until the day of the recent close down the mill has been producing gold and silver bullion regularly." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 31 1895 p.208)

1895
"One year ago we described the changes in the Niagara mill, converting this concentrating plant into a cyanide mill.... During the past year this mill, under the management of Col. Heffron, operated about four months, beginning in July, and closing down in November, in which time 5000 tons of ore were reduced, producing 5540 ounces of silver and 868 ounces gold." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1896)

1896
"Col. Heffron is arranging to start up the Spanish mill about the 1st of the month. It is a cyanide process of twenty-five to thirty tons capacity." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, May 21 1896 p.8)

1896
"The Niagara mill at Bingham, using the Kendall process, is treating at a profit ore that carries but $5.50 in gold and 3 ounces silver. The Kendall process is the use of cyanide of potassium in combination with peroxide of sodium as a solvent, with zinc shavings precipitation." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Jun 25 1896 p.7)

1896
"On Wednesday Manager Heffron of the Niagara company took to the city an eighteen-pound brick, the sixth that has been turned out since the little cyanide mill started in June, and the product of ore from the Niagara group. It was composed of about one-seventh gold and the balance silver and copper. The mill treats an average of 1000 tons of ore per month." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, July 30 1896 p.8)

1896
"On Wednesday Col. Heffron shipped out another silver brick weighing 18-1/2 pounds, from the Old Spanish cyanide mill, it being a mixture of gold, silver and copper. The results obtained from present operations are quite satisfactory, and it may be are solving an important problem." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Aug 27 1896 p.8)

1896
"The [Niagara] tunnel that was undertaken some time ago has penetrated the hill for a distance of nearly 3,000 ft., giving the workings a vertical depth of from 700 to 1,000 ft. and from it the vein is now being prospected. The work has been prosecuted under the direction of Manager W.H. Thomas. Colonel Heffron, who has been operating the ground under lease from the [Niagara] company, has demonstrated through the Spanish mill, which has been converted into a cyanide plant, that ores running as low as $4.50 in gold can be profitably handled, although at present the values average about $7 per ton, which class of ore is being shoveled from the surface. At present, regular shipments of cyanides of gold are being made and the earnings may be increased at any time the capacity of the mill is enlarged." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 17 1896 p.374)

1896
"The Niagara cyanide mill is handing out gold bricks regularly, and Colonel Heffron expresses much satisfaction at results obtained." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Oct 29 1896 p.5)

1897
"Last year [Col. H.G. Heffron] leased the Spanish mill, as it is nearer the ore quarry, where the tankage is being increased for the new campaign. From 35 to 50 tons will be daily put through. The ore carries $7 gold and 3 oz. silver, from which a metallic extraction is secured of fully 85 percent of the gold and 60 percent of silver content. Before reaching the leaching vats, the mineral passes through a screen in which the holes are 3/16 in." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 22 1897 p.523)

1897
"Niagara. -- Col. Heffron reports that the new tanks at the cyaniding mill enable him to put through about 50 tons a day. His success in winning the values from these gold low grades has put a fancy price on several Bingham properties that, until a year ago, were thought of no particular moment. To-day it is quite evident that cyaniding is in its infancy here." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 26 1897 p.673)

1897
"Niagara. -- Final clean-up for the season takes place this week, when the cyaniding plant will close down for the winter. This is necessary, as the leaching tanks are not under cover. A cleaner metallic extraction was accomplished this year than ever before." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 16 1897 p.469)

1897
"As now arranged, it has a capacity for treating thirty-six tons of ore per day. It has tankage to enable five and one-half days' leaching, which, with half a day for dumping and refilling the tanks, makes six days. The cyanide process is used and is varied in strength to suit the class of ores being treated.... This mill was started for the season June 6th and ran until October 1st, in which time 3371 tons of ore were crushed and yielded nearly $13,000 in bullion, or a little less than $4 per ton. This ore came from one of the properties belonging to the Niagara company, it being an oxidized iron pyrites, carrying gold. This ore is simply quarried out and taken a short distance to the mill and treated, the entire cost of mining, milling and converting the product into bullion being less than $2 per ton of ore...." As now constructed the mill can only be run during the summer months." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1898)

1898
"Niagara. -- Ore chimney still holds out on east drift, yielding 40 tons per day of smelter product, and exposing large bodies of concentrating ore.... Cyanide plant will be started for season April 15th." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 9 1898 p.443)

1898
"Niagara. -- Larger shipments of heavy lead products are being sent out and the property looks better than for some time. In all probability the cyaniding plant will not operate this season, as Colonel Heffron is devoting his entire attention to several Mercur enterprises." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 25 1898 p.773)

1898 Niagara Silver Mining Co.'s "Spanish Mill". Boiler only in use. Run daytime.... Water from up Canyon by 1-1/2" pipe. Building is filled with cyaniding tanks, 12 concentrating tanks on ground. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, 1898 July 1898 #5)

1898
"1136 tons treated in their cyanide mill." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1899)

1902
"Spanish Mill" property of United States Mining Co. Not in operation. Filled with cyaniding tanks. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Dec 1902 #5)

1903
The mill was shut down, but being kept in general repair. (Salt Lake Mining Review, Apr 30 1903)

Dalton & Lark Concentrator

Photo was published in SLMR, 1899

1895
"Connected with the hoisting plant there is a concentrating mill.... The mill has a daily capacity of thirty-five to forty tons. Part of the ore runs through the jigs, which turn out about fifteen tons of concentrates a day." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1896)

1897
"On 640 level a large ore chute has just been cut, 15 ft. thick, of which a 6-ft. seam is a choice smelting product, and the remainder milling stuff. A force of 27 men is now at work and the stamp mill is pounding on mineral from exploration. The mine is in excellent form for heavy output so soon as market conditions improve." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 22 1897 p.523)

1898
"The Dalton & Lark, at Bingham, shipped three cars of silver and lead ores and six of concentrates." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 23 1898 p.86)

1898 Dalton and Lark Gold, Silver and Lead Milling and Mining Co.'s plant. Two plants are shown labeled "new" and "old." "New" plant runs day and night, "old" plant only occasionally. "New" plant shows 10 stamps, 6 jigs, 2 con. tables, amalgamating tanks. No machinery is visible on "old" plant. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, July 1898 #3)

1898
"The Dalton & Lark employs thirty-seven men, mostly in the 800 and 850 levels. In the latter there are 2 feet of ore carrying 20 per cent copper, 22 per cent lead and thirty-six ounces silver. The 10-stamp mill is turning out a carload of concentrates per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 27 1898 p.210)

1898
"The lower workings of the Dalton & Lark at Bingham indicate that in a short time the copper ores will become a source of as much revenue as the other ores in the property. In the 850 level the chute carries an average of 8 per cent copper. The mill will continue to turn out about 500 tons of concentrates a month." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 10 1898 p.260)

1901
"The Bingham Con. Co. has decided to build a large concentrator at mouth of Dalton & Lark long tunnel in Copper gulch, near Bingham, to reduce the second-class lead and copper ore to save the difference in cost of transportation to smelter that can be effected. A preliminary plant is to be installed as soon as it can be constructed, and work on the large mill will follow when by experimental work the most suitable processes shall have been decided upon." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 7 1901 p.251)

1902
"Surveys have recently been made for a tramway from the [Dalton G. M. Co.] mine to the mill, a distance of 7000 feet, and [O.R. Young] recommends that one be put in." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 15 1902 p.94)

1902
"To perfect the mechanical equipment at its milling plants, the Bingham Con. Co. has decided to provide the Dalton & Lark group of mines at Bingham with a concentrator, and experiments are now being made by J.D. Flemming, the company's experienced metallurgist, to determine the desirable construction." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 22 1902 p.166)

1902
"Plans for the projected concentrator for the milling ore in the Bingham Con.'s Dalton & Lark group have been completed by J.B. Fleming, the company's mechanical engineer.... The plans as completed provide for a half dozen Wilfley tables, a dozen jigs, five sets of rolls, screens, sizing machinery and filter presses for the treatment of the slimes." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 10 1902 p.263)

1907
"The Bingham Consolidated has closed its Dalton & Lark mine at Bingham...." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 26 1907)

"In the 1880's and 1890's there was the Hanauer family operating the Lead Mine and mill, also the smelter at Bingham Junction [Midvale]." (JSD)

"At some of the large operations there was erected mills where the ore was concentrated. One of these concentrators was erected at the collar of the Dalton & Lark Incline...." (JSD)

Heaston Power Jig

Map on D&RGW claims map

Note: "The people we bought the [old Canyon Hall] from were Heaston and Steele. A.L. Heaston was one of the real old timers here. He had told me that the first pair of store boots that he had was bought from gold panned from the little creek that ran down the main canyon here. That was about 1867. So the saying goes, 'Thars gold in them thar' hills yet, I guess.'" (Morley, Clifford A., Interview Jan 14 1961, MS 232 7 Church Hist. Office, p.14)

1896
"Heaston & Hines have struck a snap, which will keep them busy for several months. They have a contract to jig the big Montezuma dump for 'halves,' and are making good pay." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Apr 16 1896 p.7)

1896
A.L. Heaston has completed his new water-power jig near the Markham mill, and is resuming his contract on Montezuma ore, of which he has many tons in waiting." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, July 2 1896 p.8)

1896
"A.L. and Dan Heaston have their novel water power jigs working in great shape, and while the God-fearing people of the neighborhood complain that something is drying up their cows, just the same the boys are treating about twelve and one-half tons of ore per day each from the Montezuma and Julia Dean mines, with very satisfactory results. The Montezuma has over 2000 tons of jigging ore on its dump, while its daily output of that class is sufficient to keep one machine busy. The Julia Dean also keeps ahead of the other. The machinery is rudely but ingeniously constructed and put together, quite original in application, and a credit to the inventive resources of A.L. Heaston." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, July 30 1896 p.8)

1896
"A.L. Heaston is concentrating the second class ore of the Julia Dean through jigs at the mouth of Markham gulch." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Oct 15 1896 p.5)

1896
"Last spring the Heaston Brothers put in a power jigging plant of unique construction. A water wheel operates some shafts on which are fastened some cams after the style of stamp cams. These raise and let drop the end of levers hinged at the opposite end to the jig frame, and connected to the plunger by means of a rod. This rising and falling of the lever, gives to the jig the same motion as that of the hand jig, and does excellent work. (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1897)

1897
"Black Dog. -- The old dumps of this Bingham property, several thousand tons, are being concentrated at the Heaston mill. A good grade lead carbonate product is turned out. Odin & Anderson are the lessees." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 26 1897 p.673)

1897
"Montezuma. -- The Heaston jigs, on dump material, have turned out considerable good shipping products -- about 100 tons concentrated for July. There is a large supply of workable low-grade ore, and this output can easily be maintained, or even increased." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 7 1897 p.168)

1897
"The Heaston power jigs, run by waste water in the creek and operated by cams something like those of a stamp-mill, but instead of working directly on the jig, have a long lever to communicate motion to the jig, similar to that of hand labor, was operated through the season by lessors. Something over 3000 tons of stuff from waste dumps of seven different mines was run through these jigs, and produced 195 tons of concentrates, which netted an average of about $15 per ton of concentrates. This not only gave employment to a number of men and teams, but gave great returns for the worthless waste around the mines. A.L. Heaston is patentee of this device and plan of jigs and of operating them in imitation of hand jigging, which has hitherto worked up to the highest per cent of saving. The jigs and machines are not expensive, and are easy of construction." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1898)

1898
"Julia Dean. -- Heaston jigs are handling the second grade mineral, turning out a good concentrate product. Several cars of 40 per cent. lead running well in silver will soon be shipped." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 11 1898 p.712)

1898
"The Julia Dean is handling its second-class ores through the Heaston jigs at Bingham, which give the owners a product of the value of about $35 a ton." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 18 1898 p.646)

1898
Small water-powered lead mill shown 125 feet south of Markham mill. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, July 1898 #1)

1898
"Wilt & Heaston have run 125 tons of 10.40 ore through the Heaston jigs. The product is four in one, and shows 40 per cent lead. They will have between sixty and seventy-five tons concentrates from 250 tons." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 20 1898 p.186)

1898
"Kelly & Williams had the Heaston machine jigs leased during the summer and ran through about 1000 tons of low-grade ores, with profit to themselves and their customers furnishing ores. This mechanism, imitating the common hand jig, appears to do just what hand jigging does, without the hard labor, a small stream of water furnishing the required power." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1899)

1900
"A lot of second grade from the Erie in Markham gulch is being delivered to the Heaston power jigs." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 20 Jan p.42)

1900
"Heaston's power jigs have been running on a considerable lot of Montezuma ore." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 31 Mar p.4)

1904
"The Heaston jigging plant in Bingham canyon near Bingham has, with its water right, been sold to E.A. Wall, and will be used in the reduction of Kempton ores." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 6 1904 p.96)

Hicks Jig

1896
"The Live Pine, opposite the Old Jordan, is shipping about 90 tons of good grade, also a 20-ton lot of concentrates from Hicks's jig, below the Spanish." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Aug 27 1896 p.8)

Bemis, Swan Bemis, Dewey Consolidated, Kempton, or Wall Mill

1874
"In 1874 the Territory's first concentrating plant for treatment of sulphide lead ore was erected in Bingham Canyon by A.H. and George L. Bemis. Production of lead-silver ores increased through the 1870s and 1880s...." (E.D. Hammond)

1898
"Bemis & Swan Mill. -- Being erected in Bingham, primarily to work on custom ores, but is likely to be confined on ores from properties of the builders. Mill has one 10x20 Blake crusher, one set Wall's rolls, one set smooth rolls, six common plunge jigs and two Wilfley tables." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 9 1898 p.443)

1898
"Geo. L. and Fred H. Bemis of Bingham; John L. Weber and John J. Kearns of Park City, and D.N. Swan of Salt Lake City, are completing a concentrating mill at Bingham. It will be known as the Dewey Consolidated." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 4 1898 p.594)

1898
"Two carloads of concentrates were shipped last week from the Swan Bemis mill at Bingham." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 16 1898 p.62)

1898
"The Swan-Bemis mill last week turned out Spanish ore concentrates at the rate of twenty-five tons daily." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 23 1898 p.86)

1898
"Results obtained by the Swan-Bemis mill on Niagara dump ore are very satisfactory. From twenty-five to thirty tons of concentrates are made daily." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 30 1898 p.110)

1898
"The Queen in Butterfield expects to deliver 150 tons of milling ore at the Dewey mill within thirty days." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 3 1898 p.235)

1898
"The Swan-Bemis mill, at Bingham, at which operations were suspended three weeks ago to make a change in the elevator, last week started on ores from the Niagara M. Co.'s property." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 17 1898 p.287)

1898
"The starting of the old Jordan and Dewey mills alone insures an increased output [for September ore shipments]." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 17 1898 p.287)

1898
"At the Swan-Bemis mill, Bingham, an average of sixty tons of ore a day are treated." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 12 1898 p.486)

1898
"The Dewey mill finished a 200-ton lot of ore from the Red Wing and started on 2000 tons from the Old Telegraph." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 19 1898 p.510)

1898
"The Dewey mill at Bingham made a successful run on Winnamuck ores." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 26 1898 p.534)

1898
Dewey Con. Concentrator. Runs day and night, steam power. Water from creek by flume to tank. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, July 1898 #1)

1898
"A 100 ton lot of concentrates was shipped from the Dewey mill at Bingham last week, the first product of the 2000-ton run being made on second-class from the Old Telegraph dump." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 3 1898 p.559)

1898
"A shipment of 225 tons of Old Telegraph concentrates was made from the Dewey mill at Bingham last week." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 10 1898 p.586)

1898
"The Dewey mill at Bingham is running on ores from the Red Wing, and another lot of concentrates was shipped last week." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 17 1898 p.613)

1898
"The Bemis and the Rogers mills, both located in Bingham Canyon, do custom work on percentage.... The Bemis concentrating mill, which does much of the custom work of the district, is equipped with one Blake crusher, 9 by 15; one smooth-faced roll, 16 by 17; one smooth-faced roll, 12 by 20; four jigs (special design); 2 Wilfley tables, and a sizer. It was built in 1898 for treating low-grade copper ores, and has a capacity of 5 tons per hour." (USGS PP38 p.95)

1898
"The only mill that was well equipped [for efficient concentration of low-grade Bingham ores] was the Bemis which did most of the custom work of the district. This plant was built in 1898 and treated low-grade copper ores for a charge of $1.00 per ton." (The History of Smelting in Utah, by Leichter and Adamson, p.14)

1899
"This week the Dewey mill handled about 200 tons of ore from the Red Wing." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 11 1899 p.157)

1899
"Since D.J. Cook & Co. took the upper workings of the Winnamuck under lease a month ago, the mine has been put in order, aside from handling a large amount of ore. Two hundred and fifty tons of second class went to the Dewey mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 8 1899 p.380)

1899
"At the De Lamar-Wall group concentration operations have been completed. Everything cleaned up, the concentrates shipped and the men paid off. The mill has been closed and turned over to its owners, Rogers & Sons, who expect to start it up on ore from some of the United States Company's holdings on which they have a lease. How long the close-down at the De Lamar-Wall will last is not known." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 9 1899 p.291)

1899
"J.T. Hudson, J.H. Stallings and R. Bemis have bought the Dewey mill at Bingham for $7500, and have bonded the Dixon group for $50,000. The mill is situated near the group, which comprises six claims. The ore contains gold, silver and lead, and runs from $10 to $40 per ton." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 16 1899 p.695)

1900
"Dewey mill has been shut down three days, and meanwhile is being overhauled and repaired. It will treat Ashland and Petro dump ore as soon as roads are in condition for hauling." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 13 Jan p.20)

1900
"This week Standish & Jimpson tram delivered a lot of ore from Cook group to Dewey mill, but otherwise has been idle. With good sleighing the movement of ore from Petro dump to Dewey mill will begin. The pile contains several thousand tons. This afternoon or tomorrow, roads permitting, Standish & Jimpson will put four or five teams at work hauling ore from Ashland dump to the Dewey. After several days' layoff for repairs the Dewey mill started up on a 150-ton lot from the Columbia Mining company's group -- said to be a fine grade of milling ore." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 20 Jan p.42)

1900
"The Dewey mill has plenty of ore in sight, but much is hung up in places inaccessible until there is snow. It is second grade, of which we understand there will be several hundred tons. Yesterday Tom Mayne went to inspect the road to the Ashland, reported it impassable owing to the accumulation of ice. The Ashland has a large dump which will be concentrated at Dewey mill.... [The Dixon workings] are showing large quantities of milling ore that, after timbering is repaired will begin to move to the Dewey mill." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 27 Jan p.21)

1900
"Oom Sampson of the Neptune is marketing four carloads of concentrates made at Dewey mill -- the lot having gone out yesterday." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 17 Feb p.7)

1900
"Bemis Bros. own the Dewey mill, in the canyon, which is new and capable of concentrating 150 tons per day, being equipped with crusher, rolls, sizers, jigs and vanners. It is thought it will soon start up on Dixon ore." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 24 1900 p.211)

1900
"Wednesday were shipped from Dewey mill three cars of concentrates, representing 200 tons of Dixon second grade. Estimated, lot will return about $60 per ton -- lead and silver.... These shipments were the first made by new company. Manager Roi Bemis, who is thoroughly familiar with this old property, believes product this year will eclipse that of a number of years ago, when $50,000 worth of ore was marketed." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 24 Mar p.11)

1900
"Another start on hauling Ashland dump ore to the Dewey mill will be made by Tom Mayne's teams today." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 24 Mar p.11)

1900
"Roi Bemis was in town today with a shipment of two cars of concentrates and one car of crude ore from the Dixon property in Bingham." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 18 May p.4)

1900
"The last of five carloads of Acme concentrates made to the Dewey was sent out Tuesday." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 2 Jun p.11)

1900
"Dewey mill is still running on Neptune second-class and turning out as handsome a product as we have ever seen. It is a 30 per cent zinc proposition to start with, and the concentrates are stated to contain not more than 7 per cent." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 14 July p.7)

1900
"During the present run on Sampson's Neptune lease ore at the Dewey mill between 400 and 500 tons of crude have been reduced, and about 135 tons concentrates shipped -- the last going out this week. Mill will soon begin on another run from Neptune. Mr. Sampson hopes to give it steady work for some time to come. Mine is in shape to give up large tonnage of milling ore, but the price of lead will govern activity at the Neptune as well as a number of other Bingham properties." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 21 July p.5)

1900
"Manager Elmer Hill of the Fortune mine at Bingham reports a very good outlook at his group of 3 claims off Carr Fork, consisting of the Washakie, American and an interest in the Ashton claim.... These claims have been developed sufficiently to disclose a very fine grade of silver-lead ore, the silver in which runs from 57 to 170 ounces per ton. The ore exists in streaks all the way from 6 inches to 2 feet wide. Considerable milling ore is also in sight which will be sent to the Dewey mill when the start is made next week." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 30 July p.3)

1900
"Dewey mill is shipping three cars of concentrates made from Nast ore, and now running on stuff coming from Neptune upper dump, said to be of fair quality." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 18 Aug p.6)

1900
"Dewey mill was this week running on dump ore from the Silver Hill (Niagara) and Sampson and Sherman's Neptune lease." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 25 Aug p.7)

1900
"Yesterday the Standish & Jimpson Co. tram was delivering Neptune dump (carbonate ore) at the Dewey for a trial run." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 1 Sep p.8)

1900
"A lot of Neptune carbonate was delivered at the Dewey this week by Standish & Jimpson Co." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 8 Sep p.6)

1900
"Neptune is making a 3-car shipment of concentrates made at the Dewey." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 8 Oct p.9)

1900
"The Dewey mill, Bingham, has resumed." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 3 1900 p.512)

1900
"The Dewey mill, Bingham, is running on ores from the Nast and other properties near there." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 10 1900 p.525)

1900
"The Dewey mill, Bingham, is running on ore from the Ashland, near there." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 17 1900 p.538)

1900
"The Sampson, Bingham, recently shipped 250 tons of ore to the Dewey mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 8 1900 p.576)

1900
"The Dewey mill, Bingham, is running on Neptune ore." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 8 1900 p.576)

1900
"The Dewey mill is running on a 200-ton lot of ore from the old Damphool tunnel of the Midland group." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 22 1900 p.600)

1900
"Articles of incorporation of the Dewey Consolidated Copper and Gold Mining company were filed in the office of the county clerk today.... The company's property is situated in the West Mountain mining district, and consists of the Dewey's Nos. 1,2,3,4, and 5. Mr. [Sig] Simon is president; E.V. Fritz, vice president; Eva M. Branting, secretary; John Halverson, treasurer; who with J.E. Wilson and M.N. Buck, also comprise the directorate." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 27 Dec p.7)

1900
"14,000 tons of ore were concentrated. The price charge is $1 a ton." (USGS PP38 p.95)

1900
"Experiments in concentration were made...by the Boston Consolidated Mining Company at the Dewey Mill, just before it was destroyed by fire in the fall of 1900." (USGS PP38 p.95)

1901
"The Dewey mill, at Bingham, is running on silver-lead ore carrying gold and copper from the Northern Light." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 19 1901 p.55)

1901
"The Dewey mill at Bingham is running on Northern Light ore." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 26 1901 p.66)

1901
"The Dewey mill in Bingham canyon, near Bingham, is running on Northern Light ore." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 2 1901 p.118)

1901
"The Dewey mill, at Bingham, is closed down temporarily, owing to bad condition of roads; manager, R. Bemis." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 16 1901 p.139)

1902 Dewey Con. Concentrator. Runs day & night. No watchman. Water from creek by flume to tank. Rolls & screens, 2 con. tables. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Dec 1902 #1)

1903
"The Dewey mill at Bingham is shut down and manager Beemus [Bemis?] says the greater portion of the mill would be remodeled before resuming. While no new machinery will be added, changes will be made to lessen the labor and admit the easier handling of ore." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 17 1903 p.46)

1903
"The Dewey mill at Bingham will resume." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 4 1903 p.222)

1903
"Negotiations for a sale having fallen through, the owners of the Dewey mill in Bingham canyon, near Bingham, will reopen it for operations, says Manager R. Bemis of Salt Lake City. (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 27 1903 p.418)

1903
"The Dewey mill in Bingham canyon, near Bingham, has been added to the holdings of the Columbia M. Co. and remodeled and enlarged. It will handle the second-class ores, says Manager Tibbets. The plant was originally designed to reduce the low-grade argentiferous-lead ores of the camp. At present the Columbia is using the Rogers concentrator, reducing twenty tons daily." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 24 1903 p.278)

1903
"The Dewey mill in Bingham canyon, near Bingham, is in operation on second-class ores from the Fortune mine, says R. Bemis, manager." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 28 1903 p.361)

1904
"The owners of the Dewey mill at Bingham canyon will be permitted to remain in possession of it until July 1, when, on a consideration of $20,000, it will be turned over to the Utah Copper company. The transfer would have been made yesterday had it been possible for the officials of the purchasing company to have arrived upon the grounds. In the purchase of the Dewey mill the Utah Copper company has added another to various sources from which it expects to derive water sufficient to enable it to handle a larger tonnage of copper-bearing rock than any company at Bingham.... Meanwhile Mr. Beamis will operate the Dewey mill on the second-class ores of the camp until July 1, helping out his clients as in the past and making a high-grade product out of a second-class ore." (Salt Lake Tribune Jun 21 1904)

1904
"Rejected by the Utah Copper company, whose water needs had been supplied through other channels, the Dewey mill and its water rights yesterday passed into the hands of Col. E.A. Wall, who, it is said, will utilize it in the reduction of second-class ores, of which the Kingston group of mines at Bingham, over which he exercises control, is productive. The adaptability of the plant to the ores in question has been demonstrated repeatedly, and, with this equipment, the condition of the property should be materially promoted. What figures were required to dispossess the Messrs. Bemis, by whom the plant was reared in Bingham canyon many years ago, could not be ascertained, although that it hovers around $20,000 is quite generally known. For the camp no customs plant has done more. Ores that had been previously committed to the dumps have found a commercial outlet over its tables, at which they were reduced to a commercial product and made a source of revenue to their owners. It is understood that Col. Wall will make some improvements in it, and that when it goes into commission again it will be on Kingston ores. The Messrs. Bemis, who have been actively identified with the camp for so long a time, will now devote themselves to the exploitation of another undertaking which means much for the locality, the particulars promised by them in a short time." (Salt Lake Tribune July 19 1904)

1904
"E.A. Wall has bought the Dewey mill at Bingham and will utilize it in the treatment of the second-class ores of the Kingston group of claims." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 30 1904 p.80)

1905
"The Dewey mill at Bingham is to be remodeled and the capacity increased to 150 tons per day. The mill is owned by Col. Enos A. Wall. The improvements are to cost in the neighborhood of $2,500." (Western Mining World, Apr 8 1905)

1905
"The Silver Shield will not begin to ship from its new ore body until the Dewey mill is ready to handle the ore." (Goodwin's Weekly Apr 8 1905)

1905
"The Kempton mill, at Bingham, owned by E.A. Wall, is being remodeled, enlarged and improved. New machinery is to be added and the capacity increased from 90 to 150 tons daily...." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 8 1905 p.226)

1905
"The Dewey mill...has had its capacity increased from thirty or forty to more than 100 tons a day.... Within a few days the mill will be ready to make a run on ores from the Phoenix, then, it is understood, the colonel will give the Silver Shield a chance and later, possibly, the Butler-Liberal." (SL Herald May 10 1905)

1905
"The new tables and crusher for the remodeled Kempton mill have been put in. A new ore bin is to be built back of the mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 13 1905 p.309)

1905
"About 8500[?] tons of second-class ore are piled up at the [Phoenix] mine awaiting treatment at the Kempton mill." (Salt Lake News May 20 1905)

1905
"Colonel E.A. Wall is remodeling the Dewey mill to treat the immense body of low-grade copper ore from the Starless." (Goodwin's Weekly May 27 1905)

1905
"Work on the Kempton mill has been interfered with by the delay in shipments of machinery." (Salt Lake Herald May 14 1905)

1905
"Dewey Mill. -- This is in Bingham Canyon and belongs to Col. E.A. Wall, who will operate it as a custom mill. The plant is being equipped with rolls, jigs and tables of Col. Wall's design. He has two sets of corrugated rolls and one set of finishing rolls set in vertical alignment. The rolls avoid the grinding movement by each roll running at same speed. The finishing rolls run at 150 revolutions. It is believed that this arrangement will avoid slime-making to considerable degree. There are three 3-compartment jigs of special design and tables have a channeled surface. The mill's capacity will be 100 to 150 tons in 24 hours." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 29 1905 p.1261)

1906
"E.A. Wall has closed down his Bingham mill until the worst of the winter weather is past, and will start on ore from the Phoenix mine." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 13 1906 p.31)

1906
"Many men developing new machinery are secretive, but at [Wall's] mill there is a sign posted up inviting visitors to come in and look around. Any one is at liberty to take samples of any and all products. The ore dressed in his mill contains galena and pyrites. It is hauled in wagons from different mines and at the mill is dumped into a 200-ton bin at the top of the building. The mill is erected on a hillside and has three main terraces, viz.: the breaker floor, the roll floor, and the table and jig floor. On the breaker floor are the Blake breaker, the sizing screen, and the roughing jig. The ore as received from the mines is wet and frequently it is necessary to have a man in the bin to wash it out with a hose, or else to shovel and push it out.... The oversize from the trommel goes to a three-compartment Wall jig. The tailings from this jig go to the creek, while the concentrates go to the bin.... The sizes above the 30-mesh screen go by means of a launder to three-compartment jigs, of which there are two Wall jigs and one Harz jig, fitted with a Wall lever motion to move the plunger. These jigs produce a lead product and tails which go to the creek. The undersize from the 30-mesh screen goes to four tables, viz.: two Wilfley and two Walls. The heads and middlings from both these tables go to the concentrate trough, while the tails go to the creek. The tailings from the Wall tables and the Wall jigs run about 0.3 per cent lead. Col. Wall says that the saving of lead is about 93 per cent. Some of the pyrite is thrown into the tails, because the concentrate of the ore of which most is treated fetches the better price the higher it is in lead.... Owing to the fact that the concentrates on the Wall table travel faster than on the Wilfley, the Wall table has a higher capacity. The tables have not been run long enough to know whether they will stand up to their work without many repairs or not. They are doing good work at Col. Wall's mill, only the slight traces of lead being visible on panning the tails." (Salt Lake Tribune Dec 17 1906)

1907
Wall's Mill. No watchman, runs day & night, city water. Crusher, jigs, 4 tables. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Nov 1907 #4)

1908
"The Wall mill is being overhauled and will be placed in condition to handle about 200 tons of ore daily. When this is completed shipments will be started." (Mining Science, Oct 8 1908 p.299)

1909
The mill was being enlarged and remodeled. Processed ore from the Starless Mine.

1910
"The Wall mill property of E.A. Wall, has been remodeled and will be started up on the ores of the Starless. The mill is unique, being equipped almost entirely with machinery of Mr. Wall's design. The ore is crushed in rolls in which the one roll is above the other, and is treated in washers instead of the usual tables and vanners." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 2 1910 p.22)

1912
"Small concentrating mill, idle for two years. Old building." (Returns of Mining Companies (State Archives) 1912 p.398)

1913
"Wall's Mill. Not in operation since Sept. 1911. No watchman. City water. Crusher, jigs, 4 tables. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Sep 1913 #4)

1913
Ceased operations about 1913. (JSD)

1920
"The...concentrating mill has been partially dismantled...and effort is being made now to sell it as second-hand lumber.... All machinery and equipment...has been removed and is now stored at Salt Lake Engineering Works as scrap and second-hand machinery; Col. Wall having died June 29,1920 there is no further use for it on the mining claims. The gross value of this second-hand machinery is difficult to estimate, and doubtless it will be assessed in connection with property of Salt Lake Engineering Works." (Return for Assessment for 1921 p.149)

Victor Mill

1880
"In the Victor, near the Old Telegraph mine, developments have proved the presence of a very large body of low-grade $10 lead ore. The owner is contemplating the erection of a concentrator with a battery of ten stamps." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 5 1880 p.384)

Golden Star Mill

1898
"The leaching of ore has begun at the Golden Star, near Bingham, and the shipment of cyanides will commence early in September." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 13 1898 p.162)

Liberal Mill

1898
"The Liberal of Bingham marketed its first lot of concentrates last week, showing 28 per cent lead, 7 ounces in silver and $1 in gold. The concentrates are derived from a very low grade material, which has been improving as it has been followed up." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 5 1898 p.263)

Mueller Leaching Plant

1898
"Starlus. -- On this ground occur the famous 'copper placers' of Bingham, and a Mr. Mueller of Anaconda, Montana, is erecting a series of tanks for the precipitation of the copper that is held in solution in the water springing from the Starlus vein." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 29 1898 p.143)

1898
"A company is being formed, says the Bingham Bulletin, to operate the leaching plant lately started by the Fred Mueller Co." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 26 1898 p.234)

Star Mill

1898
"The cyaniding mill being erected at the Star group in Pine canyon in Tooele county will be ready to make a trial run the 1st of August. The property is showing large bodies of cyaniding ore." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 30 1898 p.110)

1898
"The new cyanide mill of the Star G. & S. M. Co. in Pine canyon, Tooele county, has started work. The mill will handle fifty tons of ore daily." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 8 1898 p.358)

1900 ..."The mill capacity is the most serious consideration just now. The present [Star] mill is said to be working quite satisfactorily, but its capacity needs to be increased, and one of the results of yesterday's [stockholder] meeting, it is said, will be the doubling of the mill capacity as soon as the present indebtedness of $8,000 is wiped off.... The amount of cyanide product sold during the past year amounted to $10,987, which is thought to be a very fair showing considering the size of the mill and the fact that it was not run continuously throughout the year.... John Treweek was...elected to the position of manager." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 17 Jan p.13)

1900
"In spite of the fact that the Star's ore is a very good cyaniding proposition the effort to make a paying mine has not been a success, owing, it is said, to the lack of economy in the methods of the management.... A number of shareholders feel that more economical methods are needed to make the proposition pay, and it is quite likely that a change will follow the election [at the stockholder's meeting] on Monday." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 17 Mar p.14)

1900
"The Star of Pine canyon reported today with a twenty pound batch of gold cyanides." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 17 Mar p.15)

1900
"The Star of Pine Canyon assessment will be delinquent tomorrow." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 25 Jun p.5)

1900
"A fifty ton shipment of Star Consolidated ore, with two cars more here to be sampled, runs close up to $60 a ton and is being settled this afternoon. This showing is a very encouraging one, and explains the recent advance in the stock." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 28 Jun p.7)

1900
"Work at the Star of Pine Canyon will now be pushed as fast as two shifts can do it. Ole D. Lewis, a veteran mining man, has taken charge of this promising Bingham property, and it is the intention to run a lower tunnel and open up the vein at greater depths. A tunnel was recently run to the vein at something like 60 feet below the old workings, and it appears probable that a much lower tunnel will also encounter the ore chute. The mill will remain closed until the property has been more fully developed." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1 Aug p.4)

New Mammoth Mill

Note: In old newspaper accounts (c.1905) the Utah Copper Mine has also been referred to as the Mammoth Copper mine, and the planned Garfield mill as the New Mammoth mill, denoting the magnitude of the ore it would treat, before it was officially named.

The mill is located and identified on A. Keith's field mapping sheet at the USGS Field Records Library, Denver

1899
"The New Mammoth cyanide mill at Bingham has started up." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 23 1899 p.347)

1900
"The sale of the New Mammoth Mining company's seven Bingham mines, together with the mill and all appliances...took place this morning at the west entrance to the city and county building.... The property was sold [to the Salt Lake Hardware Company] first in parcels and then as a whole. The first claim put up was the Oak Brush. On this claim a mill and tunnel, and numerous tools and appliances are located.... The whole of the appliances and tools including the mill, etc. was then put up...." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 25 Jun p.5)

1900
"The sale of the New Mammoth Mining company's Bingham property to the Salt Lake Hardware company for $9,729, was confirmed by Judge Hiles on Saturday afternoon." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 2 July p.7)

1900
"President Frank Knox of the National Bank of the Republic has bought the New Mammoth Mining company's property at Bingham for practically the same price as that for which the Salt Lake Hardware company purchased it. Mr. Knox will visit the property with an expert at the latter part of the week, and reach some decision as to the manner in which he will develop the property." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 3 July p.5)

1901
"Title to all former holdings of the New Mammoth M. Co. at Bingham, consisting of six claims and an up-to-date mill, has passed into the hands of President F. Knox of the National Bank of the Republic, Bingham." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 12 1901 p.43)

1901
"Two cars of ore were recently shipped from the Mammoth at Bingham, from which its expected returns will be $16,000." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 12 1901 p.43)

1901
"The property of the New Mammoth M. Co. is now in possession of Michigan men, represented at Bingham by F.H. Lathrop." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 6 1901 p.172)

Brooks Concentrating Mill

1900
"There were four cars of Niagara concentrates from Brooks' mill on the market Tuesday.... Teams of Standish & Jimpson are this week hauling Niagara concentrates from Brooks' mill and Galena leasers' ore." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 27 Jan p.21)

1900
"The Niagara lessees shipped four cars of concentrates Saturday from Brooks's jigs." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 12 Feb p.8)

1900
"Four cars of Brooks' Niagara concentrates were on the market Monday." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 24 Mar p.11)

1900
"The outlook for future business at Brooks' mill is not encouraging. Since last summer Mr. Brooks has been turning out several carloads of concentrates weekly from Niagara dumps. He did well, but since the first of the year advanced smelter charges cut his profits. Now that lead has taken such a tumble there is little money in the business, and it will be no surprise if Mr. Brooks hunts for a better class of ore or lets his outfit take a rest." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 2 Jun p.11)

1900
"The Brooks concentrating mill at Bingham has been leased to the United States Mining Company for a term of six months. (Salt Lake Mining Review, July 15 1900 p.15)

Fortune Mill or Fortuna Mill

Photograph of mill, c.1908 is in Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 19 1908 p.1191, accompanied by an illustrated article describing the property.

1897
"Fortune. -- .... A concentrating mill is being considered, which will probably be built as early as possible next season." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 13 1897 p.589)

1900
"All visitors to the Fortune's new mill say it will be one of the best of its kind in the West. Manager Hill is hastening construction, and only hindered by tardy arrival of machinery." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 17 Feb p.7)

1900
"The Fortune M. & M. Co have nearly completed their 100-ton concentration mill near Bingham. It is being equipped with crushers, rolls and concentrators and will doubtless be operating in a few weeks. The ores in the Fortune are copper and lead sulphides, with good values in gold and silver." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 17 1900 p.183)

1900
"The first carload of machinery for the new Fortune mill at Bingham has reached Riverton and arrangements have been made to haul it to the mine." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 22 Feb p.8)

1900
"A nice body of lead ore was encountered a few days ago in the upraise from the Keystone tunnel. The ore contains an average of 60 to 65 per cent lead with 9 to 12 ounces in silver per ton. A big body of milling ore has been opened up at the same place, but the streak of rich lead ore is something new.... Mr. Hill says that one set of rolls and a rock crusher are now in place in the new mill, and the rest of the machinery is expected shortly.... Regarding the statement of one or two prominent mining men that a mill cannot successfully handle the grade of ore in the Fortune group, and that certain failure will result from the attempt, Mr. Hill says that the trial run on 2,000 tons of the ore from various parts of the mine which was made some time ago at the lead mill is a sufficient guarantee of the mill's successful operation." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 8 Mar p.13)

1900
"The new mill at the Fortune mine at Bingham will be started up this week." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 28 May p.7)

1900
"The new mill has not yet been started up. The finishing touches will be put on during the next few days and it is thought that by the end of the week a trial run will be made. The motor and wires have already been tested. Mr. Hill is present at the mine." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 29 May p.7)

1900
"The starting up of the new mill at the Fortune mine at Bingham seems to have been a very successful affair, notwithstanding the fact that the water supply is rather limited as the result of extremely open winter. The supply is said to be more than sufficient in ordinary seasons, but unless a greater flow is encountered in the mine, the present flow will allow two shifts per day to be run in the mill. Regarding the mill the Bingham Bulletin says: The Fortune concentrator will attract attention from millmen. It presents the novel feature of having no use for elevators -- something that Manager Hill believed practicable, and he has now proved it. A continuous journey of ore 110 feet from bins to separating tables results in clean tailings and a perfect product. The bins include one for storage of 300 tons, and a 50-ton hopper from which the ore is fed by improved automatic device. The machinery consists mainly of a 9x15 Blake crusher, a 3x8 trommel, Frazer & Chalmers 30x10 compromise rolls, four separators in train, four 3-compartment Hart jigs, two Wilfly tables, one Frue vanner, a 50 horse power electric motor and a second motor. The mill has 100 tons capacity in 24 hours. Its construction was under the direction and mill is now in charge of W.M. Young, who came here last fall from South Dakota to engage with the Fortune.... The Fortune has a great deal of good concentrating lead ore which will be worked on for the present. Later it is anticipated that some attention will be given to the treating of other milling ores in the mine. With this object in view, a part of the mill building is left vacant so that other machinery may be put in to save some of the values in the low grade copper ores." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 16 Jun p.18)

1900
"The new mill at the Fortune mine at Bingham is in operation." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 23 1900 p.706)

1900
"Machinery for Fortune mill had all been delivered Wednesday, and the work of putting it in place is being made a hurryup job. Manager Hill expects to turn on the electric current for the first time not later than the 20th [of May]." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 12 May p.5)

1900
"Manager Elmer Hill of the Fortune mine was in town today. It is now expected that the mill will be started up early next week." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 1 Jun p.9)

1900
"The Fortune mill turned its wheels Monday and result was very satisfactory. By next Monday or Tuesday everything is expected to be in readiness for a trial run." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 2 Jun p.11)

1900
"A 5-car lot of concentrates from the Fortune Mining company of Bingham was settled for today which are said to have netted the company $12 per ton. The assay returns showed 21.5 per cent lead, 11 ounces silver and an excess of 22.6 per cent iron per ton. The mill is putting through about 40 tons per day, and has without doubt entered upon a successful run. Later on it is expected that the copper ore in the mine will be treated and the space for the necessary machinery is ready for the time when it shall be installed. A shipment of crude ore will be on the market shortly." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 25 July p.4)

1900
"The Fortune mill is doing good work, and Mr. Hill is much pleased with the results being obtained. Increased shipments of crude ore will be made next month, and with the parts of the mill now adjusted its capacity will be tested more fully during August than has been the case the present month." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 30 July p.3)

1900
"A disabled pump caused an interruption at Fortune mill this week, otherwise the plant is working smoothly and keeping up its generous output." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 4 Aug p.8)

1900
"Twenty-seven teams are employed hauling concentrates from Fortune mill to Sandy." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 4 Aug p.8)

1900
"The Fortune mill is doing well and excepting some changes and adjustments which are necessary in all new mills it is giving no trouble. It has been proved that iron screens will not do. The action of the copper wears them out in two or three days. Brass screens are now being resorted to." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 18 Aug p.5)

1900
"The Fortune tramway is nearly completed to the mine. Within two weeks the present method of hauling ore and concentrates to the sampler by teams will be discontinued." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 8 Sep p.7)

1900
[At the Fortune mine] "an effort is being made to reduce the dump before winter sets in. It was thought that 10,000 tons of ore was on the dump when the mill began, but the estimate seems to have been a low one." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 18 Sep p.4)

1900
"The concentrating mill of the Fortune M. & M. Co. is operating by electric power, transmitted from the Jordan Narrows plant, and is crushing and concentrating about forty tons of ore per day.... The ore thus far milled is a lead sulphide, carrying also silver values. The product is divided into four grades: That from the No.1 jig compartment yielding about 45 percent lead; No.2 compartment 30 percent, and No.3 about 15 percent lead" (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 2 1900)

1900
"The Fortune is shipping 25 tons of concentrates daily; values run from 34 percent to 37 percent lead and from 10 to 12 ounces silver per ton." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 8 1900 p.576)

1900
"The Fortune mill was running at intervals during the summer of 1900 on ores from the mines of that company." (USGS PP38 p.95)

1906
"The Fortuna has been doing well. It will reconstruct and considerably enlarge its mill." -- The Mining World Jan 27 1906 p.168

1909
"The Fortuna mineralized quartzite is well adapted to milling. Most of the ore will concentrate better than 12:1. Average assays show it to contain from 8 to 24 per cent. total sulphides. A large tonnage of milling ore has been exposed, but the extent of the impregnated quartzite is not fully determined, and no milling has been attempted." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 19 1908 p.1195)

1913
"A drift has been extended South-east 150 feet along the foot wall of the front vein and owing to the [loose] ground, it is closely timbered. I took three samples out of this drift representing the shipping ore of about 18 inches thick which averaged 9.24 per cent copper, 3.3 ounces in Silver and $1. in gold. These samples were taken at intervals along the drift; the average of the concentrating ore usually runs only 1.5 per cent copper.... Ore bodies of the Starless and the principal ore bodies of the Montana Bingham would be concentrating ore, this ore contains 1-1/2 to 3 per cent copper value with a little gold and silver." (Marcellus T. Miller, Apr 23 1913 in E.P. Jennings Papers, University of Utah Library, Special Collections Ms 101 Bx 4 Fd 2)

1916
"The Fortuna Mining Co.'s property near Bingham has been sold by S. Bamberger and others to Le Roy Eccles and associates of Salt Lake City and Ogden for $250,000. The mine contains copper ore, but has been closed for some time." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 17 1916 p.918)

1916
"Fortuna (Bingham) -- Sold by Simon Bamberger to Leroy Eccles, of Ogden, and associates for $250,000; there are 150 acres of patented ground, and 12,000 ft. of workings; adjoins the Ohio Copper and the Dalton & Lark. Ore is heavy sulphide, carrying copper. There is also some lead-silver ore. Several veins on porphyry-quartzite contact and in quartzite itself." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 17 1916 p.1094)

1917
"James E. Higgins is working a lease on the property of the Fortuna Mining & Milling Co. at Bingham. The property is owned by Governor Bamberger, and consists of 170 acres and adjoins the Ohio and Utah Copper on the south-east and east. The property has been idle for many years. Since obtaining the lease and option on this property the lessees have shipped 77 cars of high-grade copper ore, and have developed many thousands of tons of low-grade ore. They are now preparing to install a 'K & K' oil-flotation machine of about 100 tons capacity. Recent tests show that a direct saving of from 87 to 96 percent will be made by oil-flotation. In the mill the operation will be as follows: crush to 65-mesh in a 6-ft. by 16-in. Hardinge ball-mill, the pulp going direct to a K & K machine, using no tables. The ore consists of veinlets of chalcocite in quartzite. The principal vein is known as the Mayflower and is about 35 ft. wide. The average copper content is 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 percent. Recently 700 tons was shipped to the Garfield pant and the average content was 3.6 percent copper, 6.5 percent iron, and 80 percent silica.... In the testing, as high as 96 percent of the copper has been floated, the iron dropping with the silica, so that most of the iron will go into the tailing and may be recovered later if advisable." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 26 1917 p.750)

1917
"The Montana-Bingham Consolidated Mining Company, which recently took over a great acreage adjoining its property at Bingham, Utah, plans the construction of a large mill near the mouth of its main tunnel as soon as the underground system of development is completed. W.E. Hubbard of Salt Lake is general manager for the company." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jun 30 1917 p.37)

1917
"On 1000 level of Fortuna reported to have opened copper ore. Montana-Bingham tunnel being advanced to open Fortuna ground at depth. Flotation mill on Fortuna treating 100 tons daily and capacity to be increased. Tiawaukee portion of ground also being developed." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 14 1917 p.108)

1917
"Concentrates from first unit of new flotation mill at Fortuna workings, amounting to about $2000 daily. Work on second unit being pushed. Fortuna vein expected to be cut by Montana-Bingham in week or two." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 4 1917 p.234)

1917
"The Fortuna, formerly owned by Governor Bamberger, with a record of production of $800,000, and a large tonnage of ore containing 2 percent copper blocked out, and a one-fifth interest in the Bingham Amalgamated. A mill employing jigs, tables, and flotation equipment, is in operation, and it is planned to increase it to an ultimate capacity of 1500 tons per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 11 1917 p.189)

1917
"First 100-ton unit of new mill to treat ores from Fortuna property started and working satisfactory. Expect second 100-ton unit in operation immediately. Oil flotation used, on 2 percent copper ore. About 3000 ft. piping completed to furnish additional water other units require. Pumps installed." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 18 1917 p.324)

1917
"Three cars of concentrates from Fortuna workings shipped week ended Sept. 7. Machinery ordered for second unit." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 6 1917 p.623)

1917
"Mill reported to have been brought up to 200-ton capacity. Two cars of concentrates and two of shipping ore from Fortuna workings on way to market and several cars awaiting shipment." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 27 1917 p.778)

1917
"The Montana-Bingham Co. continued driving its tunnel under the Fortuna ground recently purchased. Low-grade pyritic copper ores were shipped, and a mill was built at the Fortuna mine, and concentrates were produced." (Mineral Resources of the United States1917 (BYU) p.195)

1918
"Most of ore at present coming from Fortuna workings. Mill treating 100 tons daily, working two shifts. Heads sample 2 to 2.50 percent copper. Some ore of shipping grade -- 5 to 6 percent copper -- being marketed." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 5 1918 p.38)

1918
"Assessment of 10c. a share delinquent May 8 levied, to bring in about $230,000. Will meet liabilities and provide funds for improvements of Fortuna mill, including increased capacity and better recovery, leaving working fund of about $50,000 to be used in development." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 13 1918 p.704)

1918
"Mill at Fortuna workings capable of treating 150 tons daily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 4 1918 p.856)

1918
"Mill not operating at present." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 25 1918 p.982)

1918
"In the Fortuna claims three tunnels have been driven, but the best development is in the Mayflower where 1000 ft. of ore averages 2 percent copper. A 150-ton flotation mill and full mining equipment is in use here." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 8 1918 p.802)

1918
"The Montana-Bingham owns valuable properties at Bingham, embracing the old Fortuna property. However, it is declared to be a milling property, and little first class direct smelting ore is likely to be produced. A little mill was operated for a time last year, but with indifferent success." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jun 15 1918 p.37)

1918
"The mill, which was erected in 1917, was operated by the [Montana Bingham] company at a loss and finally closed down in March, 1918. The construction and equipment of the mill were found to be faulty, and the percentage of recovery of values was very low." (Bingham Press-Bulletin Nov 22 1918 p.4)

Second-hand equipment, 100 tpd capacity, used water pumped from Montana Bingham Tunnel. "In the first place the indicated tonnage of milling ore never justified the construction of a mill and a steady operation of the mill was never sustained from the stoping operations." (T.P. Billings)

Mono Mill

Note: This mill was frequently reported as a Bingham mill, but it was actually near Ophir, and must have had an office at Bingham.

1900
"The Mono of Dry Canyon was on the market today with a car of ore." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 24 Aug p.5)

1901
"The West Mono M. Co., capital $10,000, is incorporated at Salt Lake." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 9 1901 p.118)

1902
"The Mono M. & M. Co. has been incorporated at Salt Lake City, capital $50,000. The officers are G.A. Land president and E.L. Hall secretary and treasurer. The company owns a lease on the dump and old workings of the Mono and Star mines at Ophir [Tooele County]." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 1 1902 p.121)

1903
"The Mono mill in Dry canyon, near Bingham, is in operation again, says President G.A. Land, the plant having had an overhauling." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 18 1903 p.44)

Butterfield Mill = Queen Mill

1883
"The Queen Group of mines, owned by the Northern Chief Co., has a few men at work under the care of J.E. Beveridge, who expects to commence work in earnest when Prof. J.H. Morton returns from New York, whence he has gone with a view to have the company erect a mill for the reduction of their ores. If he is successful, the Queen will be one of the best paying mines in Bingham." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1884)

1900
"The mill at the Butterfield (Queen tunnel) is going in." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 1 1900 p.564)

1900
"The new concentrator of the Butterfield M. Co at Bingham, is running." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 22 1900 p.600)

1900
"At the Queen tunnel [in the fall of 1900] a ten-stamp mill, with concentrating and possibly cyanide plant, was in process of erection.... The Butterfield mill was still in process of construction during the field season. It was to be supplied with extra heavy rolls to do fine crushing. Owing to the peculiar character of the ore, it is expected that some experimentation will be required before a satisfactory treatment is attained." (USGS PP38 p.95-96)

1901
"Manager Keel reports the Butterfield mill at Queen tunnel, near Bingham, running O.K." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 23 1901 p.109)

1901
"An additional battery of five stamps will be put in at the Butterfield mill at Bingham." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 16 1901 p.139)

1904
"The concentrator at the mouth of the Queen tunnel, undergoing changes, will be ready to start up in July with a daily capacity of fifty tons. It was formerly a stamp mill, but rolls, jigs and other machinery are being added." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 18 1904 p.420)

1904
"Operations are progressing at the plant of the Butterfield M. Co. at Bingham, under control of Lavignino Bros., with F. Whitmore superintendent. Since acquiring the Butterfield, Lavignino Bros. have remodeled the plant, equipped it with rolls, jigs and other devices. The ores contain lead, silver and gold." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 13 1904 p.113)

1904
"The Queen mill at Bingham, with which the Butterfield M. Co. is concentrating low-grade ore, is reducing 100 tons daily under direction of F.W. Whitmore. The work is on ores with average of 8 percent lead, fifteen ounces in silver, with gold." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 22 1904 p.283)

1922
"Small old Mill-Bldg...Tank -- Crusher -- Stamp -- Boiler -- Jigs & Vanners, tables & screens. All old & obsolete. Not used in many years. Mostly junk." (Return for Assessment for 1923 p.47)

1925
"Mill Building and machinery at Queen Mine scrapped and sold years ago." (Return for Assessment for 1926 p.42)

Ben Butler Mill

1900
"A ten horse power engine and boiler which was recently set in place at the Ben Butler property in Bingham is now operating the new fan...the company is preparing to secure a Wilfley table and two jigs and the extra power [of the large engine] will then be needed. With this equipment it is estimated that the company will be in a position to run through twenty-five tons of ore a day as soon as the snows of winter are thawed out." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 16 Jan p.10)

1900
"At the delinquent sale of the Ben Butler company 11,000 shares went under the hammer." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 15 Jun p.13)

1900
"Nearly three feet of concentrating ore is reported to have been exposed in the drift off the lower tunnel of the Ben Butler at Bingham." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 1 Aug p.5)

1900
"Conditions are unchanged at the Ben Butler of Bingham. About three feet of concentrating ore has been found in the east drift with three inches of high grade. The whole mass is at present being placed on the dump and will later be milled." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 2 Aug p.4)

Shawmut Mill

c.1905 photo in Smith Wilbur Smith's scrapbook: "Bingham Canyon Story"

1900
"A 100-ton concentrator for the Shawmut company's mines (Cuba group), is one of the probabilities of the early summer...." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 20 Jan p.42)

1900
"News comes that the Shawmut company has fully decided upon a suitable concentrating plant in connection with Cuba group of mines, and with the money in treasury for its construction, work will begin as soon as material can be put on the ground." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 17 Feb p.7)

1900
"Two cars of lumber for the Shawmut mill arrived from below Wednesday. Some of the machinery is expected next week." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 24 Mar p.11)

1900
"Good progress has been made on grade for Shawmut mill floors, three being about completed. Yesterday the setting of hoisting plant at mouth of shaft was completed and hoist building was nearly enclosed." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 31 Mar p.4)

1900
"The frame of the new [Shawmut] mill is nearly completed, and the roof will shortly be put on. This will consist of elaterite similar to that used in Colorado. The elaterite is laid on paper and covered with mica, which renders it next thing to fire proof. Twenty-five men are employed at the mine, while about 8 or ten more are working at the mill. Some of the copper ore runs as high as 20 per cent with $5 in gold." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 3 May p.12)

1900
"Shawmut mill machinery is due to arrive in a few days, two carloads have been shipped." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 2 Jun p.11)

1900
"On Tuesday another installment of Shawmut mill machinery was delivered. It included three Montana jigs, one set of Economic 12x30 rolls and four Wilfly tables. Half of the equipment is now here, and balance en route. Active setting-up work is progressing and by the 10th of August the wheels should be ready to turn. Grade for a gravity tramway to be 2000 feet in length and connect You & I mine with the mill is completed and about ready for ties and iron. You & I is one of the most prolific of the Shawmut group, and mill will draw largely from it. The flume to take water from No.3 level of You & I for general mill use is about completed." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 14 July p.7)

1900
"All of the Shawmut mill machinery is in place and connections are being made -- the electric power being already connected up. Several pulleys and wheels were broken in transit, but duplicates will be here by Monday, and a week later the mill should be ready to go into commission." (Salt Lake Mining Review, July 15 1900 p.15)

1900
"All machinery for the Shawmut, except rock breaker, has now arrived and unloading last car will be completed tomorrow, when the rock breaker is also expected to be at depot. Half of the plant is now in place, and with no unforseen delay Supt. Earnshaw will make his promise good of being ready to make a start by the 10th of August. About 3,000 tons of ore are on dump, and mines are in shape to keep the mill busy indefinitely twenty-four hours a day, but until such time as all parts are well limbered up it will be run by two shifts." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 21 July p.5)

1900
"Manager W.B. Andrew of the Shawmut Mining company was in Bingham yesterday looking over the company's new mill, which is nearly ready to be started up. The finishing touches are now being put on and it is the intention to start the wheels turning next week.... Prospecting is being carried on in the different levels where two classes of ore are exposed. One is a lead-silver proposition, while the other contains copper, silver and gold. The different classes of ore will be milled together, and Mr. Andrew anticipates no trouble in saving the values from both grades." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 3 Aug p.3)

1900
"Manager W.B. Andrew will visit the Shawmut at Bingham tomorrow for the purpose of being present when the mill is started up on ore." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 15 Aug p.5)

1900
"A telephone message received by Manager Andrew of the Shawmut states that the new mill at that Bingham property is doing good work." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 24 Aug p.5)

1900
"The Shawmut mill was running very smoothly this week in every part, but owing to the excessively dry season its water supply is short and but little has been accomplished. The defect will be remedied tomorrow, when 600 feet of boxes having been laid, an abundant supply will be obtained from Carr Fork creek. There will then be nothing to prevent regular working." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 25 Aug p.7)

1900
"An abundant water supply [for the Shawmut mill] has been obtained by sluicing from Carr Fork creek." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 1 Sep p.8)

1900
"The Shawmut of Bingham has two cars of concentrates on the market." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 18 Sep p.4)

1900
"Four cars of concentrates were on the market today from the Shawmut of Bingham." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 19 Sep p.4)

1900
"Manager Andrew of the Shawmut, who came in from Bingham last evening, reports the capacity of the new mill now being tested to 80 tons per day. Between 20 and 25 tons of concentrates are being turned out daily and conditions are said to be quite satisfactory. Trouble is being experienced with the power company because of the lack of water at times. Sometimes a short shut down is made necessary which interferes with the mill's operations." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 21 Sep p.3)

1900
"Shawmut mill, power permitting, is turning out a carload of good concentrates daily, running two shifts. The Shawmut had a carload of concentrates and one of crude on the market Wednesday, and another 2-car lot (mixed) will go down today." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 20 Oct p.9)

1900
"The Shawmut mill has shut down temporarily, owing to failure of electric power from the Jordan Narrows...." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 17 1900 p.538)

1900
"...is situated on the property of that name on the north slope of Carr Fork, just above its mouth. It is equipped with 1 gates rock breaker, 2 pairs smooth Davis rolls, 7 Hartz jigs, 1 Chilian mill, 4 sets cylindrical screens 4 to 12 mesh, and 4 Wilfley tables. Power for a 60-horsepower dynamo is obtained from the Telluride Power Company. At time of visit 30 to 35 tons of low-grade pyritic copper ore were being run through in each eight-hour day. The plant is equipped, however, to treat 100 tons a day." (USGS PP38 p.95-96)

1900
"The Shawmut mill, near the mouth of Carr Fork, treats only the product of the Shawmut Mining Company.... The Shawmut mill is situated on the property of that name on the north slope of Carr Fork, just above its mouth. It is equipped with 1 Gates rock breaker, 2 pairs smooth Davis rolls, 7 Hartz jigs, 1 Chilian mill, 4 sets cylindrical screens 4 to 12 mesh, and 4 Wilfley tables. Power for a 60-horsepower dynamo is obtained from the Telluride Power Company. At time of visit 30 to 35 tons of low-grade pyritic copper ore were being run through in each eight-hour day. The plant is equipped, however, to treat 100 tons a day." (USGS PP38 p.95)

1902
Shawmut Mill & Hoisting Works. Not in operation. Watchman lives in office. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Dec 1902 #1)

1903
"The Shawmut M. Co. property at Bingham, consisting of the Cuba group of eight claims and the Shawmut mill, was transferred to E.W. Foote, C.A. Hardy and E.F. Barnes for $9100, being sold under foreclosure." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 28 1903 p.361)

1905
"The Shawmut Con. C. Co. ...property is equipped with a new mill designed by Manager Jackling, of the Utah C. Co., who estimates the cost of mining and concentrating the Shawmut ore at $7.29 per ton." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 26 1905 p.147)

1905
"It is very probable that the Shawmut mine at Bingham will become active again. This property is located almost in the center of the Bingham ore-zones and has been idle for a number of years as a consequence of litigation. There is a mill on the property, but not the kind that would be of any benefit. The company has been reorganized with a capital stock of $2,500,000, divided into 500,000 shares. Samuel L. Powers, of Boston, is president of the reorganized company." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 2 1905 p.415)

1905
"Preparations are under way for the resumption of operations upon an extensive scale at the property of the Shawmut company in Bingham. The mill is to be remodeled and placed in commission. The principal shareholders of the company are located in Boston." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 21 1905 p.753)

1905
"The Shawmut mill, at Bingham, will soon be in operation again, it having been decided by the management to start it off with custom ore. Later the company will commence milling its own ore." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 23 1905 p.1184)

1906
"The old Shawmut property has been rejuvenated and the reorganized company is conducting a vigorous campaign of development and is putting the mill in shape again." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 6 1906 p.25)

1906
"The [Shawmut] concentrator at the Bingham property is of 100 tons daily capacity, built of wood, and equipped with a 100-ton Gates centrifugal crusher, 2 sets of rolls, 5 Hartz jigs, a Chilean mill and Wilfley tables. The mill is somewhat antiquated, and requires remodeling. The property is served by the Denver & Rio Grande railroad." (Copper Handbook, 1906 p.912)

1907
Shawmut Mill & Mine. Not in operation. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Nov 1907 #5)

1908
"The [Shawmut] concentrator, at Bingham, of 100 tons rated daily capacity, is of wood, having a 100-ton Gates centrifugal crusher, 2 rolls, 5 Hartz jigs, a Chilean mill and Wilfley tables. The mill is somewhat antiquated in design, and requires remodeling for use." (Copper Handbook, 1908 p.1235)

1910
"It is reported that the Shawmut Copper Company claims at Bingham have been purchased by the [Utah Copper] company, and will be used for railroad purposes, and as a dumping ground." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 31 1910 p.1326)

1910
"The Shawmut Property was acquired by purchase. The group contained 11 claims with a total acreage of 100.381 acres. This property had been abandoned as a mining proposition and was valuable solely for right-of-way and building purposes. $24,045.04 was paid for this property." (HI Oct 26 1910)

Northern Light Mill

1898
"The mill for several weeks has been treating 45 to 50 tons daily of high grade ore, it is said." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 7 1898 p.563)

1900
"The Northern Light Mining company derived $1,850 from its last shipment of cyanides. At the present rate the secretary says the company will play even. The mill is putting through twenty tons of nine ounce ore per day. This quantity is small, but the difficulties in the way of mining ore from the numerous small streaks in the property makes it impossible to do anything like test the mill's capacity." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 14 Aug p.5)

Silver Shield Hand Jig

1900
"The Silver Shield, of Bingham, is in with three cars of concentrates and one car of first class ore." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 28 Jun p.7)

1900
"Silver Shield was on the market with two cars of concentrates and one car of crude ore Monday. We learn from reliable source, the mine this month is to eclipse all her previous shipping records." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 7 July p.10)

1900
"Some concentrating by hand jig was done for a short time in 1900 by the Silver Shield Mining Company." (USGS PP38 p.95)

Bingham-New England Mill = Stewart No.1 millsite

1901
"The New England C. & G. M. Co., operating the Nast group, has decided to build a concentrator in Muddy gulch, below the Last Chance mill, this spring." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 16 1901 p.139)

1904
"The management of the New England G. & C. Co.'s mines at Bingham, which includes the Nast group, above the Boston Con., is equipping the Nast with a jigging plant capable of handling seventy-five tons of ore daily. The building is under cover and the machinery is being set up. The jigs will be operated at the mouth of the main tunnel in Muddy gulch.... Concentrating is expected to begin by April 15th." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 26 1904 p.220)

1905
"New England Gold & Copper Co. -- Manager Henry M. Adkinson, of Bingham, is preparing to resume operations at the mill on April 1 with increased capacity. Developments made in the mine during the winter have been important. New orebodies have been opened; much of the ore is of a shipping grade. The control of this mine is owned by Mr. Williams, of shaving soap fame, and associates." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 13 1905)

1905
"New England Gold & Copper. -- The mill at this Bingham property is being made ready for commission again. The crushing capacity is being doubled. The plant will run on 50 tons of ore daily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 20 1905)

1905
"The little [New England] mill is being operated with one shift, treating about eight tons during the eight hours, but its capacity will be doubled by the installation of a few crusher purchased this week, and both jigs then will be placed in commission. The plant has been cleaning up a lot of ore taken out last fall and about a car of concentrates awaits shipment. This product carries about 30 per cent lead, 12 ounces silver and $4 in gold. At present it is not necessary to use the Wilfley table, as the jigs effect a complete separation." (Bingham Bulletin May 5 1905)

1905
"New England Mining company has opened three veins while crosscutting its property and will increase the capacity of its mill to 50 tons." (Goodwin's Weekly May 6 1905)

1905
"At the New England.... The mill capacity has been doubled by putting in a new crusher, and both jigs will be placed in commission." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 13 1905 p.309)

1905
"The [New England] mill, which went into commission again last week, is to be enlarged so that it may be relied on to reduce fifty tons daily, and to that end the order for additional machinery has been placed.... The product of the mill is a good one, averaging 35 per cent lead, with from 12 to 14 ounces silver and $4.50 gold per ton." (SL Tribune Apr 29 1905)

1905
"The little [New England] mill is being operated with one shift, treating about eight tons during the eight hours, but its capacity will be doubled by the installation of a new crusher purchased this week, and both jigs then will be placed in commission." (Bingham Bulletin, May 5 1905)

1905
"New England Gold & Copper Co. -- This Bingham company has added the Saturn patented claim to its group. The mill is turning out a car of concentrate every four days." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 11 1905 p.903)

1905
"New England Gold & Copper. -- The mill of this company, at Bingham, is being operated with two shifts. Mine development is showing well." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 23 1905 p.1191)

1906
"The New England Gold and Copper Company has conducted a successful development campaign; it has more than twice the ore reserves of a year ago and has kept the 50-ton mill in operation steadily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 6 1906 p.24)

1906
"The New England Gold & Copper Co., of Bingham, is working its mill with two shifts and turning out a high-grade concentrate to the amount of about 500 tons per month." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 24 1906 p.614)

1907
"The mill of the New England Gold & Copper Co., at Bingham, is being furnished with additional equipment.... The plant is producing 12 cars of concentrate monthly, valued at about $600 per car." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 2 1907 p.139)

1907
"The enlargement of the mill of the New England Gold & Copper Co. is progressing favorably." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 23 1907 p.234)

1907
"New England Gold and Copper -- This Bingham company has begun the enlargement of its mill, and the installation of new slimes equipment through which it is expected that a closer saving in the tailings will result. The present extraction is about 87 per cent." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Mar 2 1907 p.447)

1907
"The addition recently made to the mill of the New England Gold & Copper Co. is being used and the plant is now operating at double its former capacity. The management expects to turn out at least 14 cars of concentrate monthly with present facilities and, in addition, market from three to five cars of crude lead ore. Two cars of copper ore were sold last week." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 20 1907 p.486)

1907
"New England Gold & Copper Co.: "Henry M. Adkinson, the manager, is running the mill two shifts of 10 hours each and is making regular shipments of high-grade lead-silver ore. It is said there are four years' supply of mill-ore available without further development. The plant is treating about 60 tons daily." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 11 1907 p.589)

1907
"New England Gold and Copper -- Manager H.M. Adkinson states that the output of concentrate from the mill hereafter, or until the plant is again enlarged, will be on the basis of one carload every two days. In the mine, which is situated in Bingham, conditions are satisfactory." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 25 1907 p.1024)

1907
"The New England Gold & Copper Co., controlled by Boston parties, produced 15 cars crude ore and concentrate during August. This brought returns of $500 per car at the smelter." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 7 1907 p.297)

1907
New England Gold & Copper Mining Co. Runs day & night. No watchman. Water from tunnel & Last Chance Mine. Crusher, jigs, 2 tables. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Nov 1907 #7)

1909
"The New England Gold & Copper Co., on Carr Fork, Bingham district, is shipping four cars per month of high-grade ore and concentrate, carrying gold, silver, lead, and copper, assaying $30 to $40 per ton. The property is in charge of D.J. Cook." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 23 1909 p.548)

1913
New England Gold & Copper Mining Co. Runs day and night -- no watchman. Water from tunnel and Last Chance mine. Crusher, jigs, 2 tables. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Sep 13 1913 #7)

1925
"The old New England mine, in West Mountain district, Bingham, Utah, adjoining the Utah-Delaware and the United States mines, is operated by the Bingham Metals Co., recently organized to purchase the mine on contract. Operations are on a leasing basis under the direction of R.M. Hampton. During August, Bingham Metals shipped 15 carloads of lead-silver ore." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 12 1925 p.424)

1925
"Rehabilitation of the old New England mine, at Bingham, Utah, surrounded by the Utah Copper, the United States, and the Utah-Delaware or old Utah Consolidated mines, has been rapid since the Bingham Metals Co. acquired the property. During the first twenty days of October, fifteen carloads of ore were shipped. During November the company expects to ship from 1,000 to 1,200 tons. Operations are being confined chiefly to the 680 or bottom level. The company plans to sink to the 800 level, where the intersection of three important veins should be found." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 7 1925 p.744)

Butterfly Mill

1901
"The new mill on the property of the Butterfly M. Co. at Bingham was started up on the 22nd inst." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 26 1901 p.66)

Overland Mill

1901
The cyanide plant at the Overland, Bingham, recently enlarged, has a tank capacity of 1900 tons, and is capable of handling 500 tons of ore daily." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 9 1901 p.88)

Tesora Concentrator

Note: The following reference may be a mistake, as there was a Tesora at Tintic.

1902
"The Tesora concentrator at Bingham, to which some additions were made recently under the direction of J.B. Fleming, is now running satisfactorily. About 100 tons of ore are treated daily, resulting in some thirty-odd tons of concentrates." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 1 1902 p.121)

Columbia Concentrator

1900
"The time is not far away when the Columbia property will be in shape to keep a large concentrator busy indefinitely. The company is in no hurry to put in a mill, and will exercise care to make no mistake as to the kind of process suitable." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 26 May p.7)

1900
"The Columbia copper mine at Bingham has been closed down. It is said that the extensive development work done under Frank B. Cook's management has opened up sufficient milling ore to warrant the erection of a concentrating plant." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 2 July p.7)

1900
"At the present time, with the exception of some timbering, nothing is being done at the mine [of the Columbia Copper Mining Company]. Until quite recently the company has employed a force of men developing and blocking out milling ore. Vast bodies of excellent concentrating ore have been opened up and little or nothing further will be done in this direction until a mill is built. In a concentrating test made with 1,000 tons of this ore it went 16 to 1 and the product assayed 24 per cent copper and $2.20 in gold." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 6 July p.5)

1903
"The mines of the Columbia M. Co., at Bingham, will be equipped with a concentrator, says Manager F.B. Cook. For three years, during which the company has been opening up its ore bodies, the management has been putting its low-grade copper-bearing rock through the Rogers mill, and deriving from it a product containing 30 percent copper with fractional values in gold and silver. The concentrator will treat 250 tons of rock daily. Milling ore has been opened up in the All's Well, What Cheer and other veins." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 23 1903 p.341)

1903
"Manager F. Cook says the Columbia C. M. Co. will begin work on a concentrator at the Columbia mines, near Bingham, next month." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 30 1903 p.357)

1905
"The old Columbia property has been taken as a central group in forming another consolidation known as the Ohio Copper company." (Western Mining World Jun 17 1905)

Ontario Concentrator

1903
"O.A. Palmer, engineer for the Ontario M. Co. at Bingham, says on the 2000-foot level connection has been made with the ore body, showing values in silver and lead, with but little zinc. The company will build a concentrating mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 13 1903 p.389)

Utah Copper Company Experimental Mill or Copperton Mill

Flow sheets in Rickard p.52, p.53, Salt Lake Mining Review, Jan 15 1911 p.18

1/6th as big as the mill that was planned for Garfield.

1903
"The first expansion in acreage holdings was for the purpose of obtaining building sites for the Copperton Mill and to make provision for lands on which tailings could be deposited. Under a lease from the West Mountain Placer Company the Utah Copper acquired the surface rights on 20 acres for mill site, the right to dump tailings on the Ireland and Watson Placer Claim Lot 385, also to dump on the Scovelles and Company Placer Lot No.37 and the Curtis Placer Lot No.38. This lease was dated June 30,1903, and also conveyed the rights to the water in a certain shaft. The Utah Copper Company paid a monthly rental of $250.00 for the above rights, which ceased on the abandonment of the Copperton Mill in 1910." (History of Utah Copper, compiled by L. F. Pett, 1925 p.34)

1903
"In the summer of 1903 construction work was started on a pilot mill at Copperton in Bingham Canyon about 2-1/2 miles below the mine. Methods of concentrating the ore were worked out in this pilot plant, and it operated from 1905 to 1910." (Bureau of Mines publication, IC6479 p.2)

1903
"A lease was acquired for the surface rights on twenty acres in lower Bingham Canyon ('Copperton') for a mill site, and for the right to dump tailings. Utah Copper paid a monthly rental of $250 for these rights, which were to cease upon the abandonment of the mill.... Water for the milling operations was supplied from a shaft 150 feet deep dug in the early days by the West Mountain Placer Mining Company to develop a water supply for hydraulic mining. In 1905 this supply proved inadequate, so a settling reservoir was built to impound water from Bingham Creek, which was then pumped to the mill. The equipment was powered by steam until 1906 when the company completed an electric plant at Magna." (The Richest Hole on Earth, Arrington & Hansen, p.38-39)

1904
"The Utah C. Co.'s mill in Bingham canyon, near Bingham, began reduction of ores this week...." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 27 1904)

1904
"The Utah Copper Co. is handling 400 tons per day at its mill which has recently been started. The mill has a capacity of 500 to 600 tons and the crushing capacity is 800 tons, but before this tonnage is reached it will be necessary to put in more concentrators. They started shipping concentrates April 1st. The concentrates run about 30 percent copper." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 30 1904 p.306)

1904
"The Utah Copper company has come to an agreement with the Bingham Con. company for the use of the flow now coming from the latter company's Mascotte tunnel on the Dalton & Lark group. The flow at present consists of 1800 gallons per minute, and it is not expected that it will fall below 1200 gallons even in the dry season. Superintendent Janney, who was in from camp during the day, says that this supply will be sufficient to reduce 4000 tons of ore a day." (SL Telegraph May 29 1904)

1904
"The copper occurs as bornite, glance and chalcopyrite in very small, hard grains, replacing the original biotite of the porphyry, occupying small cells in the rock, and not combined, or frozen to it. The porphyry, being exceedingly light, soft and friable, renders reduction of the ore by ordinary methods of crushing and concentration extremely simple. Workings thus show a recovery of about 80 per cent. of the contents, including gold and silver." (Salt Lake Mining Review, May 30 1904 p.14)

1904
"By August 15th the daily capacity of the Utah C. Co.'s works at Bingham will be increased from 450 to 600 tons of copper ore." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 9 1904 p.30)

1904
"The concentrating plant heretofore erected by the old Utah Copper company on the ground formerly occupied by the West Mountain Placer company at a cost of $250,000, is a model of its kind. It is now successfully treating about 500 tons of ore per day to which capacity 250 tons per day will shortly be added by extensions to the building, and machinery now in course of construction and nearing completion. It is the intention of the new company to continue to enlarge the plant to the limit of all the available water supply. This is now estimated to be a quantity sufficient to treat from 6,000 to 7,000 tons of ore per day." (Salt Lake Herald July 14 1904)

1904
"The company will be prepared to reduce 600 tons of ore daily...." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 30 1904 p.80)

1904
"...to reduce 750 tons of copper, gold, and silver-bearing ore daily...." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 27 1904 p.147)

1904
"The Utah Copper company...is completing a concentrating plant of 500 tons daily capacity. If the results are satisfactory, a very much larger plant is to be built." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Oct 15 1904 p.15)

1904
"The Utah Copper Company...has erected a concentration mill of 500 tons daily capacity in main Bingham Canyon about 7,000 feet below the Rio Grande station near the site of the No.1 shaft of the West Mountain Placer Company. This mill is equipped with 3 Corliss engines of 125,150, and 350 horsepower; 2 crushers (Gates Nos. 6 and 4); 2 rolls (Gates, 26 by 12 and 36 by 16); 6 Chilian mills; 32 Wilfley and 2 Overstrom tables; 2 slime tables (Wilfley); 18 frue vanners; 6 hydraulic classifier and slime-settling tanks. Water is procured by pumping from the West Mountain shaft.... The plant designed for 500 tons daily is reported to be treating 550 tons daily. Concentration is said to be about 20 into 1 by the usual wet methods." (USGS PP38 p.383, see also Rickard p.51)

1904
"The Utah Copper Company has secured an extensive tract in the vicinity of Upper Bingham, which includes the Wall Group, and has erected a 500-ton concentration mill in main Bingham Canyon, about 1/3 miles below Bingham. The ore is mineralized monzonite belonging to the great laccolithic stock at Upper Bingham, and carries low values in copper and gold. It is now mined on a large scale, and it is planned to increase the output in the future by using the open-cut method. Concentration is about 20 into 1, by the usual wet methods...." (USGS B260 p.239)

1905
"In April [1904] a new 400-ton concentrating mill, erected at a cost of $200,000, was placed in commission. It has proved so successful that additional equipment was provided, increasing the capacity to 700 tons per day; the enlarged plant was started in October [1904]. Concentrating is in the ratio of 22 to 1, making a 33 to 35 per cent copper product, beside $5 in gold, and a little silver." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jan 30 1905 p.19-20)

1905
"The [Utah Copper] company's present plant below Bingham is reducing and concentrating 800 tons a day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 25 1905 p.194)

1905
"The present mill at Bingham is to be enlarged at once to a capacity of 1000 tons...." (Salt Lake Tribune Apr 3 1905)

1905
"At the Utah Copper company's big milling plant in Bingham an average of 850 tons of ore per day is now being treated, and Superintendent Frank G. Janney, who was in from camp for a few hours yesterday, stated that it would not be long till the plant's capacity had been raised to 1,000 tons per day." (Salt Lake Herald Apr 23 1905)

1905
"The operation of the [Utah Copper] company's mill at the mouth of Bingham Canyon, where from 600 to 800 tons of ore is being treated daily, has caused some complaint from a few of the ranches below it; the recent storms causing the pastures to become covered with a thin coating of these sands. In order to avert any trouble in the future the management has decided to adopt the plan of impounding the tailings, and steps in that direction will be taken at an early date." (Salt Lake News Jun 2 1905)

1905
"General Manager D.C. Jackling and Chief Engineer George O. Bradley of the Utah Copper Co. at Bingham are trying to solve the problem of taking care of the tailings of the new mill which is to be erected [at Magna].... The operation of the company's mill at the mouth of Bingham Canon, where from 600 to 800 tons of ore is being treated daily, has caused some complaint from a few of the ranches below it; the recent storms causing the pastures to become covered with a thin coating of these sands. In order to avert any trouble in the future the management has decided to adopt the plan of impounding the tailings." (New York Commercial Jun 8 1905)

1905
"[There] are two irrigating ditches taken out just below the mouth of Bingham Creek, both of which have been more or less filled up with tailings, and one pond, on a small ranch near the Redwood road on Bingham creek, has been entirely filled up. One of the ditches above referred to supplies water for driving the machinery of Bennion & Co's flouring mill near Murray. I visited their place at a time when they were cleaning out the ditch recently and asked them to furnish me with an itemized statement of the difference in cost of the mill's proportion of cleaning the ditch this year and in former years. Mr. Bennion has handed me a statement today showing that in 1902 their cost was $41.55, in 1903, $88.50, 1904, $48.00 and in 1905, $189.00. They ask that we pay $100.00 of the 1905 cost.... I have said to the other persons making complaints that we were making every effort to get affairs in such shape that we could commence empounding all tailings within a short time, and that when we were able to do this we would settle any actual damages they might have incurred, upon a fair basis. The whole thing will probably not amount to more than $700. or $800.00 and certainly will not exceed $1,000.00. I have today concluded arrangements which will permit of our empounding tailings on our ranch land above Revere Switch, and intend to begin work at that point within the next two or three days...." (OCC Jun 22 1905)

1905
"The tailings from the Utah Copper mill have been carried clear down to the Jordan river, and for the purpose of preventing damage to the valley lands the company has built a large dam on the Showell's ranch, where the tailings will be impounded." (Bingham Bulletin July 14 1905, SL Tribune July 15 1905)

1905
"The Utah C. Co. have built a dam in the Jordan river to impound their tailings and prevent damage to land below the mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 22 1905 p.68)

1905
"Utah Copper company...is now milling 700 tons a day...." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Oct 30 1905 p.18)

1906
"Mr. Jackling admits a loss of fourteen pounds of free copper per ton in the tails, but it is more nearly twenty pounds. Eighty per cent of this, or eleven pounds, if properly crushed, could be easily recovered, which, with included gold and silver, would add $2 per ton or 250 per cent to our net profits." (letter from E.A. Wall to Charles M. MacNeill, SL Tribune Jan 30 1906)

1906
"The Utah Copper company and the West Mountain Placer Mining company are made defendants in an action filed in the Third District court yesterday in which George E. Chandler and Martha J. Watson are the plaintiffs. The plaintiffs allege that they are the owners of certain claims in the West Mountain Mining district, on one of which a tunnel 3,000 feet in length was run which developed a large flow of water which they have been using, and which they allege is their property. They further allege that the Utah Copper company is now pumping water from an old shaft, which has stopped their flow of water. They therefore ask for a temporary restraining order pending the settlement of the suit, and $150 a month for the past 26 months for the use of the water by the defendant company, or, in case the temporary restraining order is not made permanent, that they be awarded damages in the sum of $25,000, the value they place on their water right. The same plaintiffs also filed suit against the Utah Copper company for damages in the sum of $5,000 alleged to have been sustained by reason of certain refuse from the mining company's smelter being deposited on their ground, one-half mile below the smelter." (Intermountain Republican Jun 26 1906)

1906
"That during the year 1904, [Utah Copper Co.] commenced to operate a mill situated on said Bingham Creek, a few thousand feet above the land of [W.W. Adams], for the concentration of ore, and thereupon continued and still does operate this mill, that the ores of said defendant are crushed in said mill by stamps, through the use of water, and the waters used by said defendant in its crushing process are in part the waters of said Bingham Creek. That...[Utah Copper Co.] did take the waters from said Bingham Creek, and other sources in their pure and natural condition, and after using said water in the operation of its said concentrating mill, return the same to the channel of said Creek, after passing through said mill, charged and laden with sediment and tailings, and that the sediment and tailings so discharged into said creek by reason of the carelessness and negligence of said company in failing to properly crib and settle the same, and by reason of the defective appliances used by the defendant therefor, were carried down the stream and into the said irrigating ditches, and upon the land leased by [W.W. Adams], and by reason of said waters being so laden with sediment and tailings, the said water was wholly unfit for irrigation, livestock or culinary purposes, and injured and damaged the hay and other products raised by plaintiff upon said premises, and destroyed and injured the natural grasses, filled the plaintiff's irrigating ditches, and caused the plaintiff great expense, loss and damage, to-wit, the sum of $1,000.00...." [Utah Copper Co. repeated the allegations, and denied them, concluding that] "any tailings being suffered to run into any irrigating ditches of said plaintiff...were suffered or sustained on account of the carelessness and negligence of said plaintiff." (3rd District Court Case 8506 Sep 15 1906, Oct 6 1906)

1906
"There is but little of value that escapes the vanners [at the Copperton Mill], but what little there is goes through flumes to the ranch, about three miles below the mill, where it caught in reservoirs and the water from there on is comparatively pure. The 750 tons of ore is cut down to about 40 tons of concentrates which is shipped to the smelter." (Bingham Press Oct 11 1906)

1907
"The annual report of Charles M. MacNeill, president of the Utah Copper Co., shows that during the last fiscal year the Bingham mill, notwithstanding that it was used largely for experimental purposes and was handicapped by poor railroad service, treated enough ore to bring an income of $246,785." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 2 1907 p.139)

1907
"The small plant in Bingham canyon which can handle about 1,000 tons per day is being fed from the development work that is being done in the big porphyry ledge alone." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Apr 30 1907 p.40)

1907
"The plant of Utah Copper company, in Bingham canyon, Utah, is to be modernized and brought up to date. Electrical equipment is to be put in, and individual motors of 700-horsepower will replace the Corliss engine. Power will be transmitted from the company's power plant at Garfield." (Salt Lake Mining Review, May 30 1907 p.33)

1907
"A statement from the management of the Utah Copper Co., is to the effect that 800 tons of ore was treated daily at the Copperton mill in lower Bingham Canyon during the month of May. It is expected that the average will be nearer 1,000 tons during the present month." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 8 1907 p.713)

1907
"Suit has been instituted in the Federal court by W.W. Adams, a farmer, against the Utah Copper Company to recover damages to the amount of $5000 caused by the pollution of Bingham creek by tailings from the concentrating mill at Copperton. Water from the stream is used for irrigation on the Adams ranch." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 8 1907 p.1115)

1907
"The Copperton mill, in Bingham Canyon is treating 1000 tons [daily]" (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 27 1907 p.179)

1907
"During the month of May the Utah Copper Company's mill at Bingham treated approximately 26,000 tons of ore, or about 850 tons a day, which is nearest the full capacity it has ever been run. Results in the percentage of values saved, are also much better than ever before, Mr. Jackling says." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jun 15 1907 p.38)

1907
"According to a statement from the management of the Utah Copper Company, the month of May was the banner one of its career. An average of a little more than 800 tons of ore was treated at the Copperton plant, in lower Bingham Canyon and it is hoped to increase this to 1000 tons during the present month." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 15 1907 p.1163)

1907
Utah Copper Co's. Mill. Runs day & night. 2 crushers, 4 rolls, 6 jigs, 6 chilean mills, 140 concentration tables. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Nov 1907 #1)

1907
"600,000 lb. [of copper] came from the Copperton mill...." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 16 1907 p.947)

1907
Letter to Ohio Copper Co.: "Please note the attached letter from Hyrum Bennion, regarding claim for expense cleaning his millrace, and for damage to his water-wheels from tailings coming down the Jordan River. In previous years a very considerable quantity of tailings from the Utah Copper and Ohio Copper have been deposited in Bennion's millrace and wheel pit. This I know personally, as I made a thorough inspection before settling with him last year...." (OCC Dec 3 1907)

1907
"The [Utah Copper] company still operates its Copperton mill in lower Bingham Canyon. The ore treated carries less than 2 per cent. copper, but the concentrate is brought up to 30 per cent." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 4 1908 p.45)

1907
"The company's Copperton mill, of 700 tons capacity, in Bingham Canyon, was in operation a good portion of the year." (Bingham Bulletin Jan 17 1908)

1908
"During January...the [Copperton Mill] handl[ed] 700 tons per day...." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 15 1908 p.219)

1908
"The Utah Copper Co. is treating 800 tons of ore per day at its Copperton concentrator." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 22 1908 p.248)

1908
"George Chandler was cut down from $5,000.00 claimed by him to $875.00 awarded by the jury in the Federal Court last week for damages to his hay ranch coops at the mouth of Bingham Canyon.

"The suit was brought against the Utah Copper Company in the name of W.W. Adams, who leases the ranch from Mr. Chandler, but the testimony showed that Mr. Chandler was the real party in interest. It was claimed that the hay crop had been damaged in recent years by tailings from the Utah Copper mill, and much evidence was given by old time Binghamites to show that the hay raised on the land for many years past was of little worth and frequently leaded horses fed upon it and caused their death." (Bingham Bulletin Jun 15 1908)

1908
"The Utah Copper Co.'s mill at Copperton is undergoing extensive repairs. Two Chilean mills of the type installed at Garfield, having a capacity of 125 tons per day, are being installed at this mill.... The plant continues to handle 800 tons per day with very satisfactory results." (Mining Science, Jun 18 1908 p.581)

1908
"The ore concentrates excellently, though there is a loss of nearly 25 per cent. at present, mainly due to sliming, but this probably can be reduced to 20 per cent., and possibly to 15 per cent, eventually, by various minor improvements in milling." (Copper Handbook, 1908 p.202)

1908
"The [Utah Copper] ore concentrates easily, but losses in tailings are heavy, having been, 1906, at the old mill 0.50 to 0.75 percent copper, and 1908, the mills treated ore partially oxidized, which did not give very clean extraction, but the mills should do better on ores mined from greater depth." (Copper Handbook, 1908 p.1380)

1909
"The claim against the Utah Copper Co. and the Ohio Copper Co. made by the Utah & Salt Lake Canal Co., for damage to their canal on account of tailings, and for material necessary to construct a flume to conduct the water of Bingham Creek across the canal, instead of underneath it, has been hanging fire for some time. This claim amounts to $67.50, and is for the cost of the lumber used in the flume only...." (OCC Aug 13 1909)

1909
"It is true that our mill has been running much longer than [Ohio Copper's], and handling a much larger tonnage, but only a small portion of the tailings of our mill were turned into the creek, as we have impounded them all for more than four years past." (OCC Aug 16 1909)

1909
"About 75 percent of the ore produced by the [underground] caving system is transported by the Copper Belt railroad to the Utah Copper Co.'s concentrating mill at Copperton, about three miles down the canyon. The mill has a capacity of about 900 tons per day. It was built originally for the purpose of developing the best process of concentration, but has been trebled in its capacity, and now is an important unit in the company's commercial mills." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 30 1909 p.186, also Salt Lake Mining Review, Dec 30 1908 p.16)

1909
"With the work of remodeling the Copperton mill of the Utah Copper Company completed, the mine will begin producing more than at any previous time. Last spring the mill was treating 750 tons of ore daily at a comparatively high cost. The management closed the mill and installed the processes used at the Garfield mill and now the Copperton plant has a capacity of 1000 tons daily...." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sept 18 1909 p.576)

1910
"[Prior to early in 1910] it is doubtful whether the mill, as formerly arranged and treating a head averaging 1.6 per cent. copper, ever maintained an extraction greater than 64 per cent. for a whole month; most of the time the extraction was not more than 60 per cent." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jan 15 1911 p.18)

1910
"The Copperton plant of the Utah Copper was closed down Aug. 1. The mill had a capacity of 1000 tons per day...it was designed to treat 750 tons, and afterward enlarged to 1000 tons capacity." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 13 1910 p.332)

1910
"The Copperton plant has been closed, ostensibly to curtail production during the dull period. Production at this plant has always been accomplished at a figure considerably in excess of that at the larger mill, and it is doubtful if operations here will be resumed." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 13 1910 p.218)

1910
"By August 1, 1910, when the mill was finally closed, the capacity had been increased to 1,000 tons per day. One of the main reasons for keeping the mill in operation beyond 1906 was the need to 'show results' -- to enhance the company's potential in view of rival claims by Boston Consolidated, and to aid in soliciting capital for development and expansion." (The Richest Hole on Earth, Arrington & Hansen, p.40)

1910
"The Copperton mill of the Utah Copper Co., which was closed down a few weeks ago, will be dismantled and the equipment used in the remodeling of the old Boston Consolidated mill along Utah Copper lines. This will provide equipment for about one-fourth of the Boston Consolidated plant which will be shut down and remodeled in sections. Boston Consolidated has been entirely liquidated, the last formalities having been gone through with." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 10 1910 p.349)

1910
"The Copperton mill of the Utah Copper company was shut down about the first week in August. It had been treating in the neighborhood of 1,000 tons per day. This concentrator was a very old one and costly to operate, consequently the curtailment at this point has tended to lower the average cost.... some of the machinery from the Copperton plant is now being sent to the Arthur [mill] with the intention of installing same at that concentrator." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Oct 30 1910 p.21)

1910
"At the end of July the Copperton plant was closed down permanently...in conformity with the decision of the directors that the entire output of the property could be more economically and profitably handled in the larger mills near Garfield, and that, therefore, it would be to the best operating interests to dismantle the Copperton plant and use the machinery in it for the enlargement of capacity and improvement of the Arthur plant. Most of the machinery from Copperton has been transferred to the Arthur plant, and as the new material necessary to the enlargement of it has recently commenced to arrive, a portion of this mill has been closed for remodeling purposes." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Nov 15 1910 p.36)

1912
"The following figures relative to the gold silver and copper content of ores from the Utah Copper mine have been furnished by Mr. D.C. Jackling. The actual figures are not for publication but permission is granted to state the general relation of the recovery of gold and silver to that of copper. (B.S. Butler, Notes on Ore Specimens, 1912, p.3, USGS Field Records Library, Denver)

1917
"We were running on an ore averaging about 2 percent, and were recovering a little less than 70 percent of the total copper in a concentrate averaging around 25 percent. The plant having demonstrated that the mine could be profitably operated, we began making plans for a larger installation at Garfield." (D.C. Jackling in Mining & Scientific Press, May 5 1917 p.620)

Yampa Smelter

1903
"In the latter part of the year a smelter was started by [the Yampa Consolidated Company] in the main canyon, below Bingham, which was completed on the original plans in December, 1903. It has one furnace 42 by 14, with an initial capacity of 250 tons daily, with power, dust flues, bins, and stack for double that capacity. It is reported that the original design to employ hearth roasting has been abandoned and that the plant has been largely rebuilt, with a daily capacity of 600 tons. The smokestack rises 287 feet above the tuyeres, and is thus the highest stack in Utah. This smelter will produce copper matte and ship it for refinement to some valley plant." (USGS PP38 p.382)

1904
"In 1904 the Yampa Smelter, owned by the Yampa Consolidated Company, was blown in. This plant was designed to treat the copper ores of the Yampa mine and produce a copper matte which was shipped to the valley smelters for converting. Originally the plant was equipped with one matting furnace 42 to 14 ft., with a capacity of 250 tons daily, and power, dust flues, bins, and stack for double that capacity." (The History of Smelting in Utah, by Leichter and Adamson, p.15)

1904
Yampa Smelter erected. (Souvenir of Bingham 1909)

1905
"The Yampa mines of Bingham are gradually being called upon for an increased tonnage. The smelter is now treating about 700 tons of ore per day and this will shortly be raised as the management has an additional blast furnace in the course of construction, which will probably be blown in sometime next month." (Boston Mass. Commercial Apr 15 1905)

1905
"The Yampa smelter is now treating between 450 and 500 tons daily, and everything is running smoothly. The waste heat boiler will go into commission within a few days, it having been found necessary to replace some of the fire brick." (Salt Lake Tribune Apr 30 1905)

1906
"The Yampa Smelting Company, allied to the Tintic Mining & Development Company, owner of the Yampa mine at Bingham, has added considerable equipment and has corrected many of the imperfections in its plant in lower Bingham. This company handles only the ore of the Yampa mine, and, with the new equipment now being installed, will have facilities for the treatment of about 1,000 tons per 24 hours." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 6 1906 p.24)

1907
"Yampa -- This mine and the smelter in Bingham Canyon are closed indefinitely; but the management has retained a small force to make some additional improvements at the smelter. More furnaces will be installed so that the treatment capacity will be brought up to 750 tons daily. Electrical equipment will be installed at the mine." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 19 1907 p.757)

1907
"The Yampa smelter at Bingham is being warmed up again after a shut-down of about six weeks. The plant will be in full operation in about 10 days, by which time the new 12,000-ft. tramway will be ready. The capacity of the plant has been raised from about 400 tons to 750 tons of ore daily." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 30 1907 p.671)

1907 Yampa Smelting Co's. Smelter. Runs day & night. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Nov 1907 #2)

1907
"The smelter of the Yampa Smelting Co., at Bingham, is again in operation; the plant is running close to its capacity of 750 tons per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 7 1907 p.703)

1907
"The Yampa smelter, at Bingham, is going at full blast again, and is shipping its matte to the United States Smelting Company for final disposition. The plant is handling about 700 tons of ore daily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 7 1907 p.1082)

1907
"In 1907 it was decided by the company to blow their own matte and produce blister copper. The plant was completely rebuilt, with a daily capacity of 600 tons and an added converter section. The smelter then contained nine 18 foot McDougal roasters. The roasters consisted of six hearths, with two arms to a hearth, each arm making a complete revolution in 56 seconds. They were provided with special feeding and discharging devices which prevented the influx of cold air, all air being regulated by side doors.... The ore after being brought into the plant by means of an aerial tramway was screened twice. The undersize ( -- 1/2 in.) was fed directly to the roasters, the middling (-1" and +-1/2") was crushed and then rescreened, and the oversize (+1") was fed directly to the blast furnaces. The calcine from the roasters was fed directly to three reverberatory furnaces. One of these was 17 by 45 ft., having a capacity of 175 tons per 24 hours, and the other two were 17 by 55 ft. and of 175 tons capacity each. These furnaces were of the force draft type with both calcine and fuel being fed through 15 in. openings in the top. Coal was used as a fuel and the waste heat was recovered in boilers. No fluxes were added to the reverbs. The composition of the slags was controlled entirely by the types of ore used and by the degree of roasting. This required very careful control. The matte was tapped into molds 9 by 20 by 48 inches. It was necessary to break them by hand and then remelt them in a blast furnace before the matte could be charged to the converters. This was made necessary by the lay-out of the plant.... The blister copper produced was cast into 300 pound ingots and was 99 percent pure copper." (The History of Smelting in Utah, by Leichter and Adamson, p.15-17)

1908
"Contrary to expectations, the Yampa smelter is to remain operative in spite of the loss of nearby refineries for handling its matte [due to closing of the Salt Lake Valley smelters]. It is given out that the U.S.S.R. & M. Co. will buy this product in the Salt Lake market and ship it to its California plants." (Mining Science, Jan 23 1908 p.107)

1908
"The management of the Yampa Smelting Co., operating a plant in Bingham canyon, has announced the intention of installing a two-stand converter plant, which will make this company entirely independent of all other local smelters. Heretofore the Yampa company has shipped its matte to the United States Smelting Co. for converting." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 25 1908 p.120)

1908
"The Yampa smelter at Bingham has been handling for the past two weeks about 600 tons of ore daily. This plant is also receiving the output of the Bingham Amalgamated Co. at present." (Mining Science, Mar 5 1908 p.259)

1908
"The Yampa smelter is treating about 700 tons of ore daily and the copper matte produced is being shipped to Chrome, N.J., for converting and refining. The excavations are being made for the new converter plant, which should be ready in June." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 7 1908 p.316)

1908
"Practically all of the machinery for the converter plant at the Yampa property in Salt Lake county has now been received; a large tonnage of ore is being handled at the company's smelting plant." (Mining Science, Apr 9 1908 p.372)

1908
"The Bingham Amalgamated company has two more cars of ore at the Yampa smelter. The last shipment averaged 8.25 per cent copper, but this shipment is expected to go 10 per cent." (Salt Lake Tribune Apr 12 1908)

1908
"Another blast furnace is to be installed at the Yampa smelter within the next fortnight. The Yampa is now handling 800 tons of ore per day, and it is expected that this figure will be increased to 1000 by July 1, when the new converter will be ready for use. After that the blister copper will be made at the plant, instead of shipping the matte." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 23 1908 p.692)

1908
"Yampa smelter is now treating an average of 800 tons of ore per day, but it will have equipment to treat 1000 tons per day by July 1." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 30 1908 p.730)

1908
"At the Yampa smelter the new blast furnace has been ordered and will be installed at once, and it is expected that by the first of July this, with the new converter, will be ready to be put into commission and thereby increase the capacity to about 1,000 tons per day." (Mining Science, Jun 11 1908 p.560)

1908
"The August production of copper for...the Yampa in Bingham canyon...[was] 800,000 lb. of blister copper.... The Yampa smelter in Bingham canyon is producing 15 tons of blister copper per day, which means that the monthly output will aggregate from 900,000 to 1,000,000 lb. monthly. The new equipment installed last month, which includes a converting plant, is working satisfactorily. A shipment of blister copper made a few days ago assayed 98.5 percent, besides containing from $175 to $200 per ton in gold and silver." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 12 1908 p.348)

1908
"The Yampa smelter is now in full operation and is turning out 99 percent copper from its new converters. Its present capacity is 800 tons per day, which is an increase of 500 tons over the capacity of one year ago." (Mining Science, Sep 24 1908)

1908
"The Yampa smeltery, in Bingham Canyon, is treating about 800 tons of ore daily, which comes mostly from the Yampa mine, resulting in approximately 1,000,000 lb. of copper monthly at a cost of from 7 to 8c. per pound." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 17 1908 p.781)

1909
"The Yampa mine and smelter in Bingham canyon, controlled by Grant B. Schley and associates of New York, are now under the management of C.A. Pringle, formerly manager for the Calera Mining Co., at San Isidro, Chihuahua...." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 27 1909 p.442)

1909
"It is a plant of 1000 to 1200 tons daily capacity...." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 14 1909 p.225)

1909
"The smelter of the Yampa Smelting Co. at Yampa was seriously damaged by a cloudburst last week. The force of the water threw the ore-bins over, and the water striking the matte caused an explosion that destroyed the reverberatory furnace. The office and store-room of the company were completely destroyed. The tracks have been cleared and one of the blast-furnaces started and the company will continue with a curtailed output until the rest of the plant can be put in running order." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 28 1909 p.279)

1909
"The converter plant installed by the [Yampa] company in the early part of the year has been closed down since November and at present the matte is shipped to the A.S. & R. smelter at Garfield." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 1 1910)

1909
Capacity was 1000 tpd, 800 tpd was received from Yampa Mine, 200 tpd was custom ore from various leases and small mines in the camp. (??)

1910
"The plant of the Yampa Smelting Co., in the lower part of Bingham canyon, is treating 750 tons of ore per day, the major part of which comes from the Yampa mine, about 300 tons per month coming to the plant from custom mines. Frank J. Murphy, superintendent, states that the Yampa ore contains 1.9 percent copper, 28 iron, 30 silica, 28 sulphur, 3-1/2 lime, 6 alumina.... The custom ore of the Yampa plant comes principally from the Commercial mine of the Bingham mines company." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 7 1910)

1910
"The Yampa smeltery at Bingham was closed down Aug. 1. The company will continue to operate its mine, and ship to the Garfield smeltery." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 13 1910 p.332)

1910
"Surprise was caused by the announcement that the Yampa smelter was to close down, and at this writing the last furnace has been blown out. The plant has been a success metallurgically, but the Yampa ore is of low grade, and in order to keep the smelter supplied it was necessary to work the mine to full capacity, which did not permit of selecting the ore. The smelter has been treating about 700 tons per day, but will now ship about 250 tons to the Garfield plant...." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 13 1910 p.218)

1910
"Although the Yampa Smelter was operated successfully for six years, it was decided by the company that their ores could be treated much more economically at the Garfield Plant of the American Smelting and Refining Company, which was more efficient and complete. As a result the Yampa Smelter was closed down in 1910 and was the last to operate in the district." (The History of Smelting in Utah, by Leichter and Adamson, p.17)

1911
"Rumors from Salt Lake city state that Yampa Smelting company of Bingham has discontinued shipping ore. Official confirmation of the report is lacking." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 23 1911 p.820)

1913
"It is stated that the Yampa smelter has been offered for sale, which effectually settles the question frequently asked in regard to the Yampa Smelting Co.'s intention of resuming smelting operations. The Yampa smelter is at Bingham Canyon. It was constructed in 1904, and enlarged in 1906 to a daily capacity of 1000 tons. The plant for several years was in operation on the low-grade copper ore of the property in Bingham, but upon the negotiation of a smelting contract with the American Smelting & Refining Co. the plant was closed, and it has remained idle to date. At one time the Yampa was one of the largest copper ore producers of the West, but the more recent policy of the Company has been to cease wholesale mining so that a smaller but much more valuable tonnage might be secured at a profit." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 30 1913 p.358)

1913
Yampa Smelting Co.'s Smelter. Not in operation since 1910. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Sep 1913 #1

Live Oak Mill

1904
"Manager Orem of the Utah-Apex and New Red Wing is rebuilding the flume of the Live Oak mill, which was burned several years ago." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 24 1904 p.215)

Boston Consolidated Co. Experimental Mill

1897
"The Boston Consolidated Mining Company was organized under the laws of New York. The officers were: Col. Samuel Newhouse, President; Frank A. Schirmer, vice-president, secretary and treasurer; Lafayette Hanchett, general manager; Louis S. Cates, general superintendent." (HI p.2-3)

1905
"The Boston Consolidated management has commenced the construction of an experimental mill on its property at Bingham. The plant was designed by A.J. Bettles, chief metallurgist, and will go into commission about Jan. 1 next. The plant will be equipped with a battery of five stamps, each weighing 1,250 lb., and the concentrating devices will include two Wilfley and one Johnson table, also two Frue vanners. All this equipment has been ordered and will be on the ground by the end of next week. With this mill ore from all the various tunnels and workings at the mine will be sampled and tested. Upon results obtained will depend what the proposed large plant will be." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 2 1905 p.1039)

1905
"The 5-stamp test mill of the Boston Con M. Co. at the mouth of the Tech tunnel at Bingham, is expected to be finished and in operation by the first of the year [1906]. It is hoped to finish the experiments by April, when a large mill will be built near Garfield, with an initial capacity of 5000 tons." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 23 1905)

1905
"It was the original intention to erect a reduction plant with a 6000-ton capacity [at Garfield], but opposition was made to the adoption of the plan of A.J. Bettles to introduce stamps, instead of Chilean mills. A number of the large [Boston Con.] shareholders in the East took the position that the Utah Copper must have adopted the best method, as D.C. Jackling had conducted a series of experiments at the Copperton plant before he finally decided upon the Chilean crushers. Mr. Bettles was allowed to construct an experimental plant near the mine with five stamps. The Eastern directors sent a number of experts to inspect the workings, and it developed that for some reason a very low extraction was being obtained. At first engineers insisted that it was the fault of the mill, and it was only after repeated tests of the tailing that they were convinced that the porphyry near the surface was very low in grade. These reports caused the directorate to allow Mr. Bettles to put up the present Garfield mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 13 1909 p.667)

1905
"On the Copper Center groups extensive development was carried on to determine the practicability of working the porphyry on a large scale for copper. An experimental mill was constructed in Bingham Canyon near the boundary line of the Utah Copper with results as follows: A total of 271,614 dry tons of crude ore was reduced to 12,197 dry tons of concentrates, a ratio of 22.3 into 1. The average copper content of the ore amounting to 1.31 percent was thus brought up to 21.7 percent in the concentrates. Tailings of 0.342 percent indicates an extraction of 74 percent. Recovery of gold and silver values was $0.175 per ton and this with the copper at 15¢ per pound gave a total value of $3.10 per ton of ore treated. Table results show that the concentrates carried 18.35 percent iron and 26 percent silica." (History of Utah Copper, compiled by L. F. Pett, p.3)

1905
"Mechanical concentrating methods were employed to make a copper concentrate from the low-grade porphyry copper. There were milled 271,614 dry tons, which produced 12,197 dry tons of concentrates assaying 21.7 percent copper. This product was made from crude ore assaying 1.31 percent copper. The mill lost 0.342 percent copper in the tailings. From this early development came the success of the Utah Copper Co. and the underground production of the Boston Consolidated mine." (US Bureau of Mines War Minerals Report 127 p.3)

Silver Shield Mill

1905
"H.S. Joseph, manager of the Silver Shield Co. at Bingham, has bought from the Boston Con. Co. land near the mouth of the Shield tunnel for a millsite. The mill will have a capacity of fifty tons of ore a day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 28 1905)

1905
"A deal has been closed with the Boston Consolidated Mining Co. for enough ground for a mill site near the mouth of the Silver Shield tunnel. The mill will not be built until next year. H.S. Joseph, of Salt Lake is manager." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 4 1905 p.854)

1906
"Tests on the ore have been made [at Silver Shield], proving it can be concentrated to advantage and it is more than probable that a 75-ton plant will be erected early this year." (The Mining World Jan 27 1906 p.168)

1909
"The Silver Shield Mining & Milling Co. is planning to issue five and seven-year bonds to raise capital to build a 60-ton mill and concentrating plant at its mine in Bingham Canyon. There are 9500 ft. of development work on the property, blocking out 14,000 tons of ore. Harry S. Joseph is manager." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 7 1909 p.174)

1909
"A proposition to double the capital stock of this company will be presented to the stockholders. Of the 300,000 new shares, 120,000 are to be used to acquire the property of the United Bingham Company. It is proposed to use the balance to erect a new mill, and as a bonus to the buyers of the bonds." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 7 1909 p.285)

1910
"The Silver Shield, of Bingham, has completed the foundations of its new concentrating mill and the work of erecting the building and installing the machinery will be pushed as rapidly as possible. The plant will operate at 60 tons per day at first, with the expectation of increasing the capacity as the mine is able to supply it." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 30 1910 p.156)

1910
"Silver Shield -- Foundations for the concentrating plant are nearly completed. The plant will have a capacity of 60 tons daily, but will begin on a smaller scale." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 6 1910 p.?)

1911
"The Silver Shield company drove into what was supposed to be a wall of the vein and found that it was a horse with good ore on the other side. The new orebody is 6 ft. wide, the ore assaying 18 percent lead and 7 oz. silver. The company is having a milling test made of a 150-ton lot." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 4 1911 p.341)

1921
"A new company, to be known as the Bingham-Galena Mining Co., has been formed to take over the Silver Shield property, that of the United Bingham company, consisting of 22 acres, and the New York & Bingham Mining Co., consisting of about 27 acres. All of this property is in Upper Bingham, near the Utah Copper and United States Mining companies' holdings." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 19 1921 p.404)

1921
"At a meeting of the stockholders of the Silver Shield Mining & Milling Co. on March 24, it was decided to accept the offer to transfer the company to the Bingham Galena Mining Co. on the basis of share for share...." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 2 1921 p.472)

Darrenugue Jig

1906
"So this Cat and Hoy Tibbitts that [own] the Ohio Copper run the Winemucka Mill. They had to crush that Ohio Copper Ore just on rollers. I've seen sheets of pure copper come out of that like as big as this table. It was soft, you could almost cut it.... A guy by the name of Darrenugue put up a jig below that Winemuck mill where they washed that ore down. They kept getting out in Junction until he got way down below [Lead] Mine. He'd pull up his jig and move down there and shoveled in. That fellow made a million dollars, he told me the last time I saw him before he died...was a mining engineer at Bingham. He got rich just washing the tailings that washed through that Winemuck mill." (Jack Haymond, Oral History Project, UHS, A 5028 p.4)

Commercial Mill

1912 photograph in Smith Wilbur Smith's scrapbook: "Bingham Canyon Story"

1895
"It is probable that the Utah, and possibly one or two others of the Niagara claims, will be opened up for ore extraction within a few days in order that the Commercial mill, which is now closed down on account of the cave in the mine of that name, may be supplied with ores and enabled to continue operations. Negotiations to that end are now pending." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 11 1895 p.446)

1907
"The Bingham Consolidated Mining Co. has closed its Commercial mine indefinitely." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 5 1907 p.423)

Ohio Copper Company Mill

Located on USGS Lark quadrangle, etc.

Excellent detailed article on the mill, complete with plan and section and photographs of mill equipment in Mines and Methods, Dec 1909 p.157-166

Photos of mill interior are in Wegg Thesis p.102,104

1907
"The [Ohio Copper] company was incorporated in August, 1907, under the laws of Maine." (Wegg Thesis p.75)

1907
"The Ohio Copper Co. is making satisfactory headway with the construction of its concentrating mill.... The management hopes to have the plant ready for operation in November. The initial unit is being built to handle 2,000 tons of ore daily, and it is expected that the capacity will be doubled in 1908.... The concentrate from the mill operated by the Ohio company at the present time contains from 20 to 22 percent copper, with additional values in silver and gold." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 10 1907 p.170)

1907
"[The Ohio Copper Co. mill]...is being constructed in four units, each to handle 500 tons." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 28 1907 p.292)

1907
"Thomas Weir...of the Ohio Copper Co., of which company he is director, states that the mill, now under construction at Bingham, will be ready about March 1." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 7 1907 p.703)

1907
A 3000 tpd concentrator was constructed. (T.P. Billings p.228)

1908
"The Ohio ores concentrate on a basis of 18 tons into one. A noticeable feature about the Ohio mine is the increase in gold as depth is attained. In the construction of the mill, $653,579 has already been expended; the equipment includes two 24 by 16 in. jaw-crushers, four 20 by 6 in. jaw-crushers, eight 24 by 15 in. rolls, 144 jigs, sixteen 7-ft. Chilean mills, and 382 Wilfley tables. The slime plant will be equipped with 72 Wilfley slime-tables and 180 Callow tanks." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 15 1908 p.219)

1908
"The mill building of the Ohio Copper Co. in the Bingham district has been finished, but nothing is being done toward the installation of equipment. The finances of the company have not yet been adjusted." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 7 1908 p.316)

1908
Indications point to early resumption at the Ohio Copper mine, as well as the completion of the concentrating mill, which is destined to handle an output of 2000 tons per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 11 1908 p.44)

1908
"The mill, the initial capacity of which is to be 2000 tons of ore per day, could be made ready within 90 days, as the building is completed and practically all the equipment, excepting a battery of Wilfley tables, is on the ground, and the latter has been ordered.... The present main mill-building is 317 by 391 ft., and is of steel construction; the slime plant, 115 by 342 ft., is also of steel, and similar to the main building. Both were erected by the Minneapolis Steel & Machinery Co., and cost approximately $240,000. The mill will be equipped with two 24 by 16 in. jaw-crushers, four 20 by 6-in. jaw-crushers, eight 26 by 15-in. rolls, 144 jigs, sixteen 7-ft. Chilean mills, and 382 Wilfley tables. The slime plant will be equipped with 72 Wilfley slime-tables, 180 Callow tanks, and 12 buddles. The mill is divided into four separate sections, each driven by independent motors. All machinery is of the latest design, to insure low costs of operation and maintenance. The Company owns 1480 acres of ground in the vicinity of the mill, which is to be used for a tailing dump. When completed the mill will represent an investment of a little more than $1,250,000." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 15 1908 p.212)

1909
"The absence of any clay or talcose decomposition-products of the rock make this quartzite an exceedingly favorable ore for concentrating. The mill tests have given an extraction of 75 to 80 percent. A concentrating plant of 2400 tons daily capacity is now built at Lark, three miles to the east [of Utah Copper mine] for treating this quartzite." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 30 1909 p.188)

1909
"The [Ohio Copper] mill will be made ready by April 1, and from that time forward the Ohio Copper will be one of the greatest producers in Utah." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 13 1909 p.373)

1909
"The mill for concentrating the ore of the Ohio Copper Co. is still unfinished. The steel building, 350 ft. square, is covered with corrugated iron and lined with asbestos. The necessary concrete blocks for the machinery are now complete. The equipment has been bought, and much of it has been delivered, but not installed. The plant will have crushers, rolls, Chilean mills, jigs, tables, and vanners. Its capacity is figured at 2250 tons of ore per day. It is said the work of installing the machinery will proceed at once, and will be ready for operation July 1." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 3 1909 p.475)

1909
"Ohio Copper will have its mill in commission some time in August. This is the report given out by Frank Jones, who has charge of the construction work. The first unit will have a capacity of 500 tons per day, while the entire plant will be capable of treating 2500 tons." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 26 1909 p.878)

1909
"The first section in the new mill of the Ohio Copper will be ready to go into commission in about two weeks but it is probable that the management will defer operation until the mill is sufficiently completed to treat 3000 tons of ore per day. This would only be about two months longer and in that time the mine could be completely opened down to the 1400-ft. or Mascotte-tunnel level and a large and steady output easily maintained." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 26 1909 p.1308)

1909
"A delay in the completion of the Ohio Copper Co.'s mill has been caused by the contracting firm failing to deliver the structural steel on time. This will delay the opening of the mill until some time in October." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 28 1909 p.279)

1909
"The first unit of the mill of the Ohio Copper Co. at Lark will be completed by the end of this month and the company will be in a position to handle over 2000 tons of ore per day.... When the mill is completed the company expects to mine and mill 4700 tons of ore per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 9 1909 p.484)

1909
"The first section of the Ohio Copper mill will be in operation within 60 days, provided no unforeseen interruptions occur. Colin McIntosh, general manager, is confident that the entire mill will be running within six months. He expects a high saving and to be able to produce at less than 8c. per lb." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 16 1909 p.519)

1909
"The management expects to have the entire mill in operation within a few months time, and while the capacity is nominally only 2250 tons, Mr. [Colin] McIntosh expects to treat 3000 tons and make more than an 80 percent saving. The plant includes both Chilean mills and stamps." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 23 1909 p.552)

1909
"The Ohio Copper Company has started up the first 750-ton unit of its 3000-ton mill and is breaking in the machinery ready for the actual treatment of ore, which will begin this week. As soon as this unit is at work on ore the other unit will be started. The mine run of ore will average about 1.75 per cent. copper with some gold and copper, and each unit on a basis of 750 tons per day will yield 7,500,000 pounds of copper per annum." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 4 1909 p.1134)

1909
"Ohio Copper is now running the first section of its mill at full capacity. Owing to the character of the ores Colin McIntosh reports that it is easy to reduce from 700 to 750 tons per day. This indicated that the mill will be able to treat 3000 tons per day, though planned for 2250 tons.... The mine is now sending 1000 tons of ore per day to the mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 11 1909 p.802)

1909
"On the second day of December the first section of the large concentrator was put in operation, and since then has been treating 400 tons of ore per day, with excellent results. The final capacity of the mill will be 2400 tons per day. Another section is now ready to begin operation, and the whole mill will be rapidly pushed to completion." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 1 1910 p.76)

1910
"The Ohio Copper company has started the second section of its mill at Lark. This places the first half of the mill in operation, but owing to delays in the delivery of tables and equipment for the remaining portion of the plant, it will be several months before the management will be able to have the entire mill running." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 15 1910 p.137)

1910
"Since the second unit of the Ohio Copper mill was started only about 100 tons of ore per day is being reduced in this portion of the mill. The capacity of the unit is 500 tons, while experiments have shown that under favorable conditions as much as 750 tons can be handled with ease. The first unit is handling about 500 tons per day and the second portion will be worked up to capacity as soon as all the adjustments are completed and some raises in the mine are connected to drain the upper workings." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 29 1910 p.204)

1910
"The Ohio Copper Co. is now treating between 1000 and 1100 tons of ore per day, though the management expects to run the first half of the mill, now completed, up to 1500 tons. The remainder of the mill cannot be completed until the company raises additional funds. The drawback to getting financiers interested is the fact that the Mascotte tunnel, through which the ores are mined and transported to the mill, is owned entirely by F. Augustus Heinze. Until the consent of Mr. Heinze is obtained to sell the tunnel for a reasonable sum, the owners of Ohio Copper are completely at his mercy." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 19 1910 p.308)

1910
"Two units of the Ohio Copper mill at Lark are in operation and are treating 1000 tons of ore per day. The ore concentrates about 20:1. The concentrates average about 23 per cent. copper. Other sections of the mill are being put into shape as rapidly as possible...." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 26 1910 p.487)

1910
"The extraction is about seventy-five per cent on the ore now being treated, but it is estimated that this can be increased on the better grades, as the tailings loss will not increase proportionately to the value of the heads. Concentration is being effected on the basis of sixteen to eighteen tons of crude ore into one ton of concentrates." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Mar 30 1910 p.20)

1910
"The two units in operation are treating 1250 tons of ore every 24 hours, and Mr. [W.A.] Kidney [superintendent of the mill,] believes the complete plant will be equal to the capacity of 3000 tons.... At present most of the ore received at the mill is taken from the level of the Cunningham adit and those above it, and consists of chalcopyrite, chalcocite, and copper oxides in a quartzite gangue. When later the ore shall come from levels below this it will contain practically nothing but sulphides. In anticipation of soon getting into the strictly sulphide bodies the mill was equipped with jigs for coarse concentration; but by reason of the present mill supply containing so much oxidized stuff the jigs are not now in use.... Finally, the concentrate from all these tables is re-concentrated over the fifth bench of Wilfley tables, giving a shipping product that runs 17 percent silica, 27 percent iron, and 23 percent copper.... The concentration is in the ratio of 24 to 1 and about one-tenth of the product is obtained in the slime-plant. The tables that re-concentrate the middling from all the other tables make no tailing, nor do the tables that re-concentrate the concentrate; the reject from these is forced up to the Chilean mills by sand pumps. For January and February the recovery in the shape of a concentrate product represented 71 percent of the value as shown in the heads." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 30 1910 p.620)

1910
"Ohio Copper -- Concentrates running 27 per cent. copper have been made recently. The usual copper content has been in the neighborhood of 23 per cent." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 2 1910 p.40)

1910
"Ohio Copper -- The June output was about 1200 tons of concentrates, which are said to have averaged 28 per cent. copper. The returns for July, probably, will be in excess of those for June." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 27 1910 p.431)

1910
"The [Ohio Copper] mill will be finished shortly, it is practically ready for the crushers and tables in the second half, other parts of the equipment having been installed during the past few months. The half now in operation is treating more than its designed tonnage, and is reported to be making a saving of from 60 per cent. to 70 per cent." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 3 1910 p.479)

1910
"According to F.A. Heinze, who has recently been in Salt Lake City, the work of installing the machinery in the second half of the [Ohio Copper] mill will be begun soon. On Sept 27 the mill handled 2096 tons in 24 hours, which is the largest tonnage to date." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 15 1910 p.786)

1910
"The unusual records for tonnage which have been made by the Ohio mill have all been eclipsed by a recent day's run in which 2096 tons were put through. The rated capacity of the entire mill, only one-half of which is equipped, is only 2250 tons so that this one-half is handling almost as much as the entire plant was designed for. As pointed out in a recent letter the Ohio is well designed for crowding but there is some doubt as to whether the process is not being carried too far." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 22 1910 p.552)

1910
"Colin McIntosh, manager of Ohio Copper, has resigned and will devote his time to his private interests.... The methods and systems which Mr. McIntosh installed in both mine and mill will not be altered by the new manager, Al Frank, who has been chief engineer on the Heinze staff." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 5 1910 p.619)

1910
"Work of increasing the [Ohio Copper] mill capacity will be started shortly. It is reported that the third unit of the plant will be equipped with Wall rolls instead of chilean mills. About 1700 tons of ore have been treated daily.... Manager Frank has ordered 18 Wilfley tables to be sent down to the Basin concentrator and these will be placed in the mill at once. This will bring up the capacity to 2000 tons daily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 19 1910 p.1031-32)

1910
"Concentrating tables and other equipment are being installed for the third and fourth units of the mill of the Ohio Copper Co. Each of the four units has the capacity of 625 tons of ore per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 3 1910 p.757)

1910
"The ore handled at the [Ohio Copper] mill is reported to have been increased from 1700 tons in November to around 1850 tons daily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 17 1910)

1910
"Two units of the Ohio Copper Company's mill at Lark were in operation in February and treated 1000 tons of ore per day, which concentrated about 20 into 1. The concentrates carried 23 per cent. copper. The cost of milling is reported to have been 38c. per ton, and cost of mining less than 50c. Freight on ore through the Mascot tunnel to the mill was 15c. a ton. Later in the year the tonnage was increased to 1500, 1700, and 1850 tons of ore per day. In November new equipment, including tables and Wall rolls was installed." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 7 1911 p.60)

1910
"The new [Ohio Copper] group erected a 2,000-ton concentrating mill in 1910. This was operated intermittently until 1919, during a period of recurring financial difficulty to the company. In the intervening years some 7 or 8 million tons of copper ore were milled -- at a relatively poor rate of recovery." (The Richest Hole on Earth, Arrington & Hansen, p.88)

1911
"No attempt is being made at the Ohio mill to force tonnage. Experience has shown...that between 1500 and 1600 tons of ore per day affords a much more satisfactory operation, a better saving of metals, and prevents wear and tear on the equipment, than were the management to crowd 1700 to 1800 tons through the plant daily. The concentrate is running from 25 to 30 percent copper, while the gold and silver will reach about $1.25 to $1.50 per ton of concentrate." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 11 1911 p.251)

1911
"Some 40 of the 60 Deister slime tables recently purchased have been installed, the regular concentrating tables being taken from the slime-plant and transferred to the main mill. The entire equipment is reported to be doing excellent work. The tonnage has been increased from 1500 to 1600 tons per day to 1700 tons average, while one day's run was 2100 tons, and it is said the saving is high." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 1 1911 p.23)

1911
"All of the 60 Deister slime tables have been installed, and an increase of 5 per cent. in the saving is reported. Thirty-two Wilfley tables have been added, which makes a total of 176 tables now in use." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 22 1911 p.184)

1911
"[A contract was signed with E.A. Wall to] complete the erection of crushing machinery giving the concentrator a capacity of 3000 tons daily. A further increase to 6000 tons will be possible without increasing the roof space of the mill.... The mill has been treating a total of 1500 to 1700 tons of ore per day, and the improvements will practically double the capacity.... The mill recovery is said to be better than 70 percent." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 9 1911 p.331)

1911
"Clarence G. Bamberger, in Engineering and Mining Journal, April 6, 1912, gives the costs for October, 1911 as...Tonnage mined per day: 1,800; Tonnage mined October, 1911: 56,311" (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 1932 p.574)

1911
"The Ohio Copper Co. has ordered 20 Wall rolls from the Salt Lake Engineering Works for the Ohio mill. Four rolls are now in operation, a fifth is under way, and the other fifteen will be in operation, it is believed, within three months, giving the mill a capacity of 3000 tons per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 7 1911 p.468)

1911
"The mill is reported to be treating about 2000 tons of ore per day, and the heads are said to be running 1.4 to 1.5 per cent. copper, which is an improvement over past conditions." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 14 1911 p.772)

1911
"The Ohio Copper Co. has operated its mine and mill steadily during the year. Close to 2000 tons per day of ore averaging 1.3 percent copper has been concentrated. The capacity and efficiency of the mill has been enhanced, it is claimed, by the use of Wall rolls and slimers. Fifteen rolls of this pattern have been put in, and others are to be added to the present equipment.... The saving is about 63 percent." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 6 1912 p.86)

1911
"The new [Ohio Copper] mill is said to effect concentration of four into one with saving of 77 per cent of assay values, but was closed late in 1910 The production was at the rate of 100 tons silver and lead ore daily in April, 1911.... Second class lead ores range from 7 to 14 in lead tenor with small gold and silver values." (Wegg Thesis p.77)

1912
"The third section of the Ohio Copper Co.'s mill will be in operation by the end of the month. It is thought that the Wall crushers, 18 sets of which have been placed, will be sufficient to handle the ore for the third section, which will bring the capacity of the plant to about 3000 tons of ore per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 20 1912 p.156)

1912
"The Ohio mill has handled 2400 tons per day with 16 of the Wall rolls in operation. The ore now being milled averages 1.3 percent copper." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 2 1912 p.356)

1912
"A short time ago glowing reports were being given out about the wonderful success of the Wall rolls, portraying remarkable economies and picturing immense profits in the future through their general adoption throughout the [Ohio Copper] mill. Later came rumors that the corrugated rolls were a complete failure and that the Ohio Copper would sue E.A. Wall, the inventor, for damages. The truth lies between the two extremes. Those who have been watching closely the performance of the rolls say that they have many strong points, but they are far from perfect. The inventor has not been inclined to act on suggestions of other millmen as to possible improvements, and for some time he has been under treatment for his eyes and unable to give personal attention to the experiments. As a result, little has been accomplished toward perfecting the rolls and bringing them nearer the standard hoped for. Meanwhile the mill is doing fair work, handling close to 2000 tons daily, and the property is making money each month." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 25 1912 p.735)

1912 The ore mined [in the six months ending March 31] amounted to 311,068 tons, and the copper produced was 3,754,866 lb. The ore averaged 1.176 percent copper, and apparently the recovery was 50 percent of the copper content.... The company expects to treat 3000 tons per day by August 1...." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 15 1912 p.843)

1912
"Eighteen rolls are working in the Ohio company's mill" (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 10 1912 p.190)

1912
"Part of the third section of the mill is in operation, and it is declared by people connected with the management that three full sections will be working in September, treating 3000 to 3500 tons per day. The third section is expected to handle 1200 to 1500 tons, while each of the other two sections is handling about 1000 tone each per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 31 1912 p.284)

1912
"The Ohio company's mill dealt with 2700 tons of copper ore in 24 hours at the beginning of last week." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 31 1912 p.288)

1912
"It is stated that the [Ohio Copper] mill recently has been handling 2700 to 2750 tons per day and is steadily improving. This, however, means an occasional spurt, and does not as yet represent steady production, the average being nearer 2000 tons per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 14 1912 p.354)

1912
"According to A. Frank, general manager, the [Ohio Copper] mill is now treating an average of 2000 tons of ore per day. It is expected to increase this amount by not less than 50 percent in the near future." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 16 1912 p.642)

1912
"Ohio Copper has abandoned the Wall rolls and will replace them with other crushing machinery. The company has increased its production to between 1800 and 2000 tons per day and is planning to enlarge the mill to handle 3000 tons." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 7 1912 p.738)

1912
"It is stated that after several months' trial of the rolls of E.A. Wall they have been discarded, having proved unsatisfactory. He has instituted a suit against the Ohio Copper Co. for $36,000 for payment for the rolls. Between 1700 and 2000 tons per day is being treated in two sections of the mill. It was in the second section, temporarily out of commission, that the Wall rolls were installed in an effort to secure a better recovery from the copper ore. When other machinery is installed the mill should treat at least 3000 tons per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 7 1912 p.744)

1912
"The first and third sections of the mill are treating from 1700 to 2000 tons of ore daily. The second section is idle, and the company is said to be considering replacing the Wall rolls. Colonel Wall is suing the company for $36,000 in payment for the rolls." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 21 1912 p.1195)

1912
"On one day last week the two units of the mill dealt with 2400 tons of ore. The work of removing the Wall rolls from No.2 section is not completed yet." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 28 1912 p.842)

1913
"Ohio Copper has been milling about 2000 tons of ore per day, but this should be increased materially soon, as the second unit of the mill is nearing completion. New rolls, to take the place of the Wall rolls, are being installed, and it is expected two units will be running full time by the end of this month." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 22 1913 p.321)

1913
"Operations during the first quarter of the year were unsatisfactory on account of breaking the dam which retains the tailing dump, in February. During the month of April, however, the report states that 690,000 lb. of copper was recovered from 71,275 dry tons of ore which averaged 1.045 percent copper." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 7 1913 p.876)

1913
"The Ohio has used no less than three systems of reducing its low-grade copper ore since the mill was put into service. As originally constructed, the Blake crusher was employed for coarse work and Chilean mills for regrinding. Then E.A. Wall had a series of rolls installed for this work, and 16 were in operation early in 1912, with an addition of four more later in the year. The Wall rolls were then removed and another type of machine tried, but is said not to have helped the recovery of copper. The mill is treating about 2250 tons per day of 1 percent copper ore, with an extraction of 60 percent, at a cost of 80 to 85c. per ton. The August production was 650,000 lb. of copper. Oil flotation has been spoken of as an aid to higher recoveries." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 27 1913 p.510)

1913
"During October, the Ohio mill treated 66,000 tons of 1 percent copper ore, yielding 720,300 lb. of copper, with a profit of $14,000. Alfred Frank is in charge of the mine. Readjustments at the mill will be made rapidly, avoiding interruptions in the operations as much as possible, and it is believed that few or no delays will be occasioned. The present capacity of the mill is 1500 tons, and it is said that changes as now planned by George F. Waddell will bring the capacity up to 2000 tons." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 20 1913 p.987)

1913
"The present capacity of the [Ohio Copper] plant is 1800 to 2000 tons daily. When fully completed, it will have a daily capacity of 4000 tons...." (Wegg Thesis p.75)

1914
"In November the Ohio Copper Co.'s mill at Lark treated 66,424 tons of ore averaging 1.105 percent copper. Recoveries have improved lately." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 10 1914 p.122)

1914
"Heavier crushers have been recommended for the Ohio Copper Co.'s mill at Lark, by the general manager, George F. Waddell. The plant is treating 210 [2100?] tons of ore per day at present." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 31 1914 p.236)

1914
"Larger crushers are to be installed at the Lark mill of the Ohio Copper Co. The three units of the plant have a capacity of 500 tons each per day; but with the changes to be made this will be increased to 1000 tons each." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 7 1914 p.431)

1914
"All grading and excavation for the foundations for the new crushing equipment at the Ohio Copper Company mill at Lark has been completed and concrete is being put in. Most of the equipment has been ordered, and it is hoped to have it in running order by the middle of July. It is expected that the change will raise the capacity from 2,300 to 3,000 tons daily." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Apr 15 1914 p.30)

1914
"The Ohio mill at Lark treated 74,600 tons of ore in June, a record run. The new crusher and rolls should be ready in a week or so." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 1 1914 p.196)

1914
"The Ohio Copper Co.'s coarse-crushing plant at Lark is now working." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 29 1914 p.351)

1914
"A 50-ton flotation plant is to be tried at the Ohio mill at Lark." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 19 1914 p.463)

1914
"The Ohio Copper Co.'s property is in the hands of receivers and the mine and mill have been closed indefinitely. About 250 men are affected." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 26 1914 p.504)

1914
"The mine and mill of the Ohio Copper Company at Bingham, closed down September 17, following litigation and the filing of a petition of involuntary bankruptcy against the company.... Ohio Copper recently brought suit against the Bingham Central Railroad, owner of the Mascotte tunnel, through which the Ohio Copper ores are transported, for $133,000 for alleged breach of contract. The railroad retaliated by filing suit for $25,000 for unpaid transportation charges. The payrolls were tied up and receivers appointed September 16. The company's assets include 120 acres of patented mining ground in Bingham and a 1,480-acre mill site. The mill at Lark has been treating about 2,200 tons of ore daily.... Creditors have been assured by the receivers that they will be paid in full, and that the company would be reorganized and continue operations." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jan 15 1915 p.67)

1914
"In September, 1914, the Ohio Copper Co. filed a voluntary petition for bankruptcy...." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 19 1915 p.1095)

1915
"Ohio Copper (Lark) -- Negotiations for leasing this company's mine and mill are reported to be under way." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 12 1915 p.1057)

1915
"The Ohio Copper property at Bingham and Lark has been leased to the General Exploration Co., which filed articles of incorporation June 9. The lease covers all property of the company, and work is to be resumed at mine and mill at once. The new company will finish installing the crushing equipment that was being put in the mill, when the property was closed down." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 19 1915 p.1095)

1915
"Ohio Copper (Bingham) -- Work in the mine has been started. One section of mill will be started first, to be followed by other sections. It is proposed to treat 2000 tons daily, with 250 men employed. Alfred Frank is president of leasing company." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 26 1915 p.1139)

1915
"Three units of the Ohio Copper mill are treating over 2400 tons of ore per day. concentrate is sent to the Garfield smelter." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 10 1915 p.66)

1915
"The Ohio mill is treating about 2400 tons of ore daily, and 200 men are employed by the company." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 28 1915 p.334)

1915
"The Ohio Copper mill is treating about 2000 tons of ore daily, with a monthly output of 600,000 lb. The property is leased to the General Exploration Co., which pays at present a monthly royalty of $15,000. The royalty is based on the current price of copper." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 13 1915 p.761)

1915
"At Lark the Ohio Copper Co. is to erect a 25-ton Field's flotation-plant, similar to that installed at the Royal Basis mine, Maxville, Montana. There is a large quantity of tailing also worth treating at Lark." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 20 1915 p.796)

1916
"The lease on the Ohio Copper property is treating daily 2400 tons of ore, which is said to contain a little less than 1 percent copper, of which about 50 percent is saved. There is renewed talk of a reorganization of the company." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 13 1916 p.717)

1916
"On August 29 the Ohio Copper Mining Co.'s property is to be sold at sheriff's sale." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 19 1916 p.292)

1916
"The Ohio Copper Co.'s property at Bingham was sold at a sheriff's sale for $750,000 to E.H. Skyes of the firm of Sullivan & Cromwell, Wall street, New York." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 9 1916 p.400)

1916
"The Ohio Copper company's property has been leased to the General Exploration Company." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 16 1916 p.438)

1917
"The Ohio Copper Co. is treating 2000 tons of 0.9 percent ore daily. The recovery is 45 percent, but flotation is being tried. Present profits are $30,000 per month. The mine contains millions of tons of 0.8 percent ore." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 24 1917 p.285)

1917
"Since the beginning of the year the Ohio Copper Co. has been operating its mine at Bingham on company account, under the same resident management that directed the work previous to the recent troubles and receiverships...the mill is treating 2500 tons daily, but is said to be making only a 50 percent recovery for a monthly profit of $30,000. There is a large tonnage of ore containing 0.9 percent copper available for treatment. A small test-plant is to be equipped with Janney and Minerals Separation flotation-machines, in an endeavor to increase the recovery. If the metallurgical problems can be solved there is reason to believe that Ohio Copper will yet justify early hopes." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 10 1917 p.344)

1917
"The mill of the Ohio Copper Co. is treating 2200 tons daily. The flotation plants are handling 600 tons, and will be enlarged at the first opportunity, since the results have exceeded expectations." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 11 1917 p.189)

1917
"A 3000-ton flotation plant is under construction, 1500 tons of which may be ready in January. A saving of 80 percent is anticipated, against the present recovery of 47 percent." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 15 1917 p.398)

1917
"The Ohio Copper flotation mill at Lark is handling between 2000 and 2500 tons of ore per day. The concrete foundations for the enlarged plant are all in and the machinery is on the way. The first units of the flotation plant are giving satisfaction. It is expected eventually to have all the ore finally treated by the flotation process, which is said to be giving about 85 percent recovery as compared to 40 to 50 percent in the old mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 10 1917 p.697)

1917
"Expected to have first 600-ton unit of 2000-ton flotation plant in operation shortly after Jan. 1 and mill completed by March if no delay in receipt of electrical equipment. Cost stated from $400,000 to $500,000; company free from debt." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 1 1917 p.980)

1917
"Estimated production for year will amount to about 5,500,000 lb. copper, with operating profit of about $500,000. Mining and milling about 2300 tons daily. Slimes treated in experimental flotation plant giving good recovery. First unit of new 3000-ton plant -- 600 tons -- expected to be completed in about a month. Club house for employees and four new cottages at Lark completed for use of employees." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 29 1917 p.1147)

1917
"As a result of the successful operations of the experimental flotation machines, which were installed early in the year, flotation equipment has been ordered to treat 3000 tons of ore a day, 50 per cent more than is treated at the mill at present.... A recent survey of the tailings dump at Lark showed an average content of 10.2 pounds of copper to the ton. The tailings dump which contains approximately 4,000,000 tons of tailings is considered a valuable asset to the property. It has been announced by the management that negotiations are under way for the treatment of the tailings dump on a royalty basis." (SL Tribune Dec 30 1917 p.3)

1918
"Ohio Copper Co.'s new flotation plant is to be ready by May 1. Mill consists of three units of 600 tons each. It will dress slime from the old mill, which is handling over 2000 tons daily, extracting about 50 percent." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 27 1918 p.596)

1918
"Part of the Ohio Copper Co.'s mill here was burned on August 10, the damage being $75,000." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 17 1918 p.232)

1918
"The Ohio Copper Co.'s output was 454,697 lb., almost up to the average of the two previous months." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 14 1918 p.365)

1918
"The Ohio Copper Co.'s mill, which was considerably damaged by fire during August, was expected to start again early in October." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 12 1918 p.502)

1918
"Report to State Board of Equalization for 1918 shows production of 3,442,647 lb. copper...." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 10 1919 p.854)

1918
"The Ohio Copper Company continued to produce till 1918 when the newly remodeled mill was crippled by the burning of the crushing plant. This circumstance coupled with declining grade of ore and a drop in copper prices led to the curtailment of operations." (Addy thesis p.68-69)

1919
"The Ohio Copper Co. closed its mine and mill on March 10. On hard ore, the flotation plant gave a high recovery; but on soft ore it was low." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 29 1919 p.439)

1919
"The mill at Lark was built in four units. The ore is very hard and this makes the crushing of it an expensive operation. Then the company has to pay 16 cents per ton for use of Mascotte tunnel for hauling this ore from the mine to the mill. This tunnel is controlled by Heinze interests. Because of this charge and of the low-grade of the ore the property can be made to pay only when the price of copper is high. The mill has been remodeled to use the flotation process and has a capacity of a little over 2,000 tons per day." (Lewis & Varley, The Mineral Industry of Utah, U of U EES Bulletin No.12, 1919 p.157)

1919
"The Ohio Copper Co. suspended operations at its mine and mill about April 1, and did not resume during the year." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 24 1920)

1919
"The [Ohio Copper] mill: at Lark, 3,200' from the mouth of the Mascotte tunnel. On August 10,1918, fire destroyed the mill. It was rebuilt and operations were again started, October 1, and by February 23, 1919, the 5-unit flotation mill was completed. On March 10,1919, all operations were stopped on account of the lack of demand for copper. Production: in 1918 was 3,362,119 lb. copper, compared with 5,279,259 lb. in 1917. In 1918, there was also produced 5,290 oz. silver and 731 oz. gold. Output in 1919 was 1,012,920 lbs. copper, 1,149 oz. silver and 96 oz. gold." (Copper Handbook, 1920 p.1418)

1922
"This property was shut down until August 24, 1922, at which time Leaching Operations were begun."(Return for Assessment for 1923 p.60)

Starless Mill

1908
"The Starless mill, at Bingham canyon, which was demolished last spring, will be rebuilt at once." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 20 1908 p.829)

Utah Leasing Company Cyanide Plant

1909
"Utah Leasing Company -- This company has been organized in Salt Lake to take over a lease from the United States Mining Company to J.C. Dick of a portion of the Old Telegraph mine in the West Mountain mining district at Bingham. J.C. Dick is president and general manager; F.C. Dern, vice-president and treasurer; A. Thomas, secretary, and these with Samuel S. Porter and E.E. Price are the directors." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 17 1909 p.141)

1910
"Utah Leasing Company -- An order has been placed with the Allis-Chalmers company for a 50-ton cyanide plant, to be installed within two months at the old Telegraph mine in upper Bingham. The company holds a long-time lease on the Telegraph, which is owned by the United States Smelting Company. The lease has been worked several years and has shipped highly silicious gold and silver ores to the Yampa and to the Valley smelters.... The ore carries $6 to $8 per ton in gold and silver, and a saving of 80 per cent. is expected. J.C. Dick is president and general manager." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 3 1910 p.479)

1910
"Utah Leasing -- Excavation for the new cyanide plant was started Aug. 29." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 10 1910 p.531)

1910
"The new cyanide mill of this company at Bingham has been delayed about a month by the nonarrival of a tube mill. This is now on the ground, and work will be started soon." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 26 1910 p.1079)

1910
"The new mill of the Utah Leasing Co. is finished and in operation. It has a crusher, rolls, and concentrating machinery. This company has a lease on the Old Telegraph mine of the United States Smelting, Refining & Mining Co. The Last Chance mine of the Nevada-Utah company, situated in Bingham district, is under lease to Morris P. Kirk, who intends to mine on his own account, and will let several sub-leases. The property is well developed to a depth of 900 ft. The ore contains lead, silver, and gold." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 3 1910 p.758)

1910
"J.C. Dick, under the name and title of the Utah Leasing Company, did erect a mill upon the Hamlin lode mining claim, Lot No.136...and in operating said mill the tailings therefrom were dumped upon portions of the Howard lode mining claim, Lot No.354, and the Good Fortune lode mining claim, Survey No.3570...J.C. Dick [has the right] to rework said tailings so dumped from the operation of said mill...." (UCD Indenture No.60, 1 Aug 1916)

1913
U.S. Mining Co.'s Mill. Utah Leasing Co. Leasee. Runs day and night. No watchman. Water from Old Telegraph Mine. Agitators, crusher. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Sep 1913 #7)

1916
"About [1916] a release was secured from J.C. Dick covering the reconstruction of the road in Galena Gulch over a tailings pond claimed by Dick." (H.C. Goodrich to Mr. Ellis, UCD Engineering files, 2 Oct 1928 p.8)

Montana-Bingham Mill

1917
"The [Montana-Bingham Consolidated Copper Company] owns a millsite at the mouth of Bingham canyon and it is planned to erect this year [1918] a mill of a thousand or more tons daily capacity." (SL Tribune Dec 30 1917 p.3)

1918
"The superintendent of the Montana-Bingham, J.B. Leggett, estimates that the principal copper orebody contains 1,500,000 tons of 2 percent material, plus a large quantity of milling ore in the Mayflower drift." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 23 1918 p.701)

Zinc Concentrating Company Mill

1917
"A new five-year smelting contract has been made, as well as a contract with the Zinc Concentrating Co. to treat 12,500 tons of zinc-iron middlings, so that it is expected that additional revenue will be available from the zinc concentrate of the ore, which has hitherto been lost." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 3 1917 p.243)

1917
"Whereas, the Zinc [Concentrating] Company [a corporation of the State of Delaware] is about to erect, establish, and operate a plant for the concentrating and treatment of metalliferous ores upon a certain tract of land at a point near Harker Station on the main line of the [Bingham and Garfield] Railway Company, in Section 29, Township 2 South, Range 2 West, Salt Lake Base and Meridian...." (Contract, dated 20 Apr 1917, Bingham & Garfield Railway Co. files)

1917
"It is the intention of the [Utah Apex Co.'s] management to institute at once a vigorous campaign of development. The mill of the Zinc Concentrating company at Harker is now being erected, and should be ready to treat the ore in the course of a few weeks." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Aug 30 1917 p.26)

1920
"This plant has not been operated since it was constructed, and Fogarty told me that there had been a carload of material moved out of the plant at Harker, and he understood that this plant was going to be torn down and shipped away." (H.C. Goodrich to John M. Hayes, B&G RR files, Oct 11 1920)

1920
"When...the supplementing plant was erected it was the expectation that we would get concentrates of the Utah Apex Mining Company. Shortly after that time the character of the Utah Apex Mining Co. seemed to change considerably and they found that they could not make the concentrates which they expected to deliver to us. A short time after that they got into litigation with the Utah Consolidated Mining Co. over their apex rights...they decided to do absolutely nothing relative to the zinc content of their ore until some of these matters were settled." (J.L. McLean, VP of Zinc Concentrating Co. to B&G RR, Nov 15 1920)

1922
"It now appearing that you have never operated the plant [the plant must be torn down]." (H.C. Goodrich to Zinc Concentrating Company, B&G RR files, Mar 1 1922)

Robbe Precipitation Plant

Photo in Smith Wilbur Smith's scrapbook: "Bingham Canyon Story"

1916
"The waters from a spring flowing in McGuires Gulch became so contaminated with copper solution that Mrs. McGuire was paid $3000 in damages and a tank and pipe line were constructed for fire protection and the watering of the lawn. (On Sept. 13,1920, the UCC further paid $500 to Mrs. McGuire for a release and all rights to the water...She was previously paid $20 monthly rental, and after several months under such rental she was paid $1000 by Mrs. Robbe to release all claims to the water." (HI May 8 1916)

1919, Spring
"Geo. Robbe, chemist for Montana-Bingham Cons. Co. observed copper bearing water percolating from an old mine dump in McGuire gulch (bottom of). Robbe formed a partnership with T.P. Billings to investigate possibilities of recovering copper from these waters. Originally, waters in McGuire gulch came from a spring. Later, Utah Copper Co. covered the spring with a waste dump. The McGuires had a pipe line from the spring and therefore the water rights. A gradual contamination of the water followed the installation of the waste dump. The Utah Copper Co. accepted responsibility and provided substitute water from the Bingham water system, but in an agreement stipulated that Utah Copper Co. owned the copper contained in the water. The Robbe-Billings partnership optioned the water right on a lease and royalty basis from Utah Copper to recover copper in the waters. After much experimentation with types of scrap metal, the venture was successful, and triggered a long range program by Utah Copper Co. to leach other dumps. The Montana Bingham Co. drove a tunnel to more effectively intercept the leach waters, whereupon the Utah Copper Co. brought suit in Federal Court to establish Utah Copper's rights to the copper in the waters. After lengthy court litigations, the court ruled in favor of Utah Copper. This court settlement excepted the case of the Ohio Copper Co., where waste fill of the Utah Copper Co. dumped into the hole created by the Ohio Co.'s block caving system, was not included as a Utah Copper Co. asset. The Ohio Copper Co. did extensive in-situ leaching of copper, with recovery facilities installed, first, at the portal of the Mascotte tunnel, and later, in an especially widened portion of the tunnel immediately adjacent to the block-caved stoping area some 12,000 feet inside the portal. A lease agreement was finally executed between the Utah Copper and Robbe-Billings for the latter's leaching of waters in several of the gulches in lower Bingham Canyon which had been filled with waste by Utah Copper. One collection point on a plot of ground owned by the Stephen Hays Co. resulted in a lawsuit which went all the way to the Supreme Court. The court awarded these waters to the Utah Copper Co., and Utah Copper constructed its own precipitation plant in lower Bingham Canyon. Further lawsuits resulted in the outright purchase of all of the Hays Company properties in Bingham Canyon. In 1928, Utah Coppern completed a precipitation plant (at Lead Mine) at the mouth of Bingham Canyon, and terminated the Robbe-Billings lease agreement which had been in force for nine years." (Wilbur Smith Papers, University of Utah Library, Special Collections Ms 563 Box 10, Chronology of Events from the T.P. Billings Papers)

1921
"George Robbe was granted a lease on the waters from McGuires Dump, dated April 20,1921. His first shipment is dated August 21,1922. This shipment consisted of 100,460 pounds of concentrates carrying 18.1 of H2O and 63,060 pounds of copper." (History of Utah Copper, compiled by L. F. Pett, 1925 p.31)

1925 Agreement between George Robbe and Utah Copper Co. to precipitate waters from McGuire's Spring, made Apr 4 1925 (Chicago Mines Box, "S")

Tiewaukee Precipitation Operation

1925
"Montana-Bingham Consolidated Mining Company: ... A small income has been derived from precipitating operations at the Tiewaukee. Percolating waters, containing copper in solution, are collected in the old mine workings and piped to a plant on surface below. Here the copper is precipitated by the use of scrap iron and tin, resulting in an economical recovery of copper that would otherwise be lost." (AIME Guidebook, 1925, in Wilbur Smith Papers, University of Utah Library, Special Collections Ms 563 Box 9)

Ohio Copper In-Situ Leaching

Illustrated article on Ohio Copper in Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 20 1923 p.665

Photo of leach water disappearing into caved surface in Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 11 1924 p.573

1922
"This property was shut down until August 24/1922, at which time Leaching Operations were begun." (Annual Return Statement for 1923 p.60)

1922
"The Ohio Copper Co. is working on a plan whereby it plans to leach its low-grade copper ores in place. Following successful experiments on a small scale, which brought a quick return, arrangements are being made for the installation of a plant of large enough capacity to handle 1,000 gal. of water per minute. The water will be supplied through the Mascotte tunnel." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 7 1922 p.651)

1922
"At Lark, Utah, the Ohio Copper Co. has resumed operations and has shipped precipitate from its plant for recovering copper leached from the ore in situ." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 11 1922 p.872)

1922
"The Ohio Copper is making a shipment of 30 tons of cement copper from its leaching operations. A similar shipment was made two weeks ago." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 2 1922 p.1005)

1922
"In 1922 the [Ohio Copper] company commenced the interesting project of leaching the ore body in place. Water was pumped to the top of the old caved stopes and distributed through them, being allowed to percolate through the broken ore, thus taking into solution the copper content. When the water reached the Mascott tunnel level it was collected and the copper content precipitated by scrap iron and the water recirculated. This practice was highly successful, large amounts of copper being produced." (Addy thesis p.69)

1922
"Salt Lake mining men and others are watching with much interest the leaching in place operations of the Ohio Copper Company near Bingham, according to officials, which promise financial success when the process is placed on a commercial basis. Shipments of precipitate recovered during twenty days' operation in January with a launder capacity of 1,500 ft. assaying 89.22 per cent copper and produced at a cost of less than 8c. per lb., brought net smelter returns of $10,224. At present only 300 gal. of water per minute is being used, and although the same space has been leached for more than a month, the copper content of the effluent solution has been held at an amount best adapted to the limited launder capacity at present in use. The launder capacity which it is planned to install will total 4,400 ft. -- 2,200 ft. on each side of the Mascotte tunnel, which underlies the deposits. When the launder capacity has been attained, more water will be used, and the grade will be held higher. In a short time the company will be using 1,000 gal. of water per minute, and the unit cost of production should decrease materially." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Mar 3 1923 p.423)

1922
"This property was shut down until August 24,1922, at which time Leaching Operations were begun. The item of Cost...represents the amount expended for labor and supplies subsequent to August 24,1922...." (Annual Return Statement of Net Proceeds for 1923 p.60)

1923
"It is planned to install equipment which will permit of the distribution of 1,500 gal. of water per minute. The company is using only 150 gal. per minute with its experimental installation. Relay pumping stations are to be put in on the Mascotte tunnel level, on the 750,400, and 100 levels. The equipment will be so arranged that operation will be automatic, and one man can attend to the pumps. The company has just finished installing its last launder, so that there will be a total of 3,200 ft. of launders, 1,600 ft. on each side of the Mascotte tunnel track, and no more launders will be put in for the present.... Production cost including mining, smelting, and freight charge is given as 7c. per pound of copper. The ground being leached was partly caved by operations several years ago." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 19 1923 p.900)

1923
"During the first six months of 1923, there were produced 1,229,436 lb. of copper at an average cost of 7.284c. per lb.... During June production amounted to 332,786 lb., and the recovery was 95.4 per cent. Precipitates average 92.5 per cent copper." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 28 1923 p.164)

1923
"For the first months of 1923, the monthly production averaged 966,000 lb., and for the [second] half of the year production is expected to average well over a million pounds monthly...." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 2 1924 p.190)

1923
"The installation of equipment for pumping of 1,500 gal. per minute for leaching-in-place operations by the Ohio Copper Co. at Bingham has been completed.... Approximately 6,000 ft. of 10-in. redwood, copper-wired pipe has been laid to carry the water from the Mascotte tunnel level, where it is collected, and up the Ohio Copper shaft, a distance of 1,400 ft., to the surface, where it is distributed over the caved areas in troughs." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 17 1923 p.872)

1923
"The November production by the Ohio Copper Co., when operations were carried on with an average flow of 798 gal. per minute, and the full flow of 1,500 gal. per minute had not yet been applied, amounted to 664,285 net pounds of copper.... Ordinary canyon water is used for leaching without any chemicals. Precipitation is on de-tinned scrap iron in wooden launders." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 29 1923 p.1131)

1924
"The company is producing at the rate of 800,000 lb. of copper monthly.... About 1,200 gal. of water is being pumped and released on the slopes of the mine. It is not planned to increase production at present, but the tailing dumps from the old mill have been sampled with a view to their being leached. During the summer and winter preparations for carrying on this work to the best advantage will be undertaken. These dumps comprise approximately 4,000,000 tons of tailing, which contain about 40,000,000 lb. of copper...." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 31 1924 p.895)

1924
"The Ohio Copper Mining Co., leaching copper ore 'in place' at Bingham, Utah, during the first nine months of 1924 produced from its leaching operations about 8,500,000 lb. of copper, at an average cost of 5.739c. per pound.... There was precipitated during the period 496,152,000 gal. of leach liquor, and the total copper content was 8,772,480 lb. The recovery was 8,482,776 lb. Measured in tons there was handled 2,078,004 tons of water, and the copper content was 4.22 lb. per ton. The average precipitation was 96.7 per cent." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 15 1924 p.785)

1925
"There are over 6,000,000 tons of tailings near Lark, containing about 8 lb. of copper per ton, mostly as sulphide. About 1-1/2 lb. could be leached with water and about 2-1/2 lb. with the solution from the precipitation boxes in the Mascotte tunnel. The slime layers inhibit percolation and the treatment of these tailings would hardly pay. The costs of the copper produced by the Ohio Copper Co. to date, however, from leaching the mine, have been only 6.32c. per lb., including shipping and smelter charges. In leaching a dump, it was brought out that the water would have to be added at intervals, to allow access of air to the mineral particles." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 12 1925 p.430)

1925
"The copper production of the Ohio Copper Co. for the year 1925 was 6,271,556 lb...compared with 11,115,329 lb...in the previous year [1924]." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 10 1926 p.630)

1926
"Ohio Copper Co., leaching ores in situ, in the Bingham district in Utah, reports for the year 1926 [4,963,761 pounds of copper produced]." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 2 1927 p.588)

1927
"Leaching-in-place operations of the [Ohio Copper] company are yielding between 400,000 and 500,000 lb. of copper monthly. Production has been appreciably increased by the introduction of a small amount of sulphuric acid into the water used for surface irrigation of the areas above the caved orebodies." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 20 1927 p.308)

1927
"The production of the Ohio Copper Company...for 1927, amounted to 4,825,587 pounds...compared with a production of 4,963,761 pounds...in 1926." (The Mining Journal Feb 15 1928 p.40)

1927
"Ohio Copper Company, operating in the Bingham district, Utah, reports a net loss of $61,146 in 1927 after taxes, interest, depreciation, and depletion. This compares with a net profit of $33,017 in 1926." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 12 1928 p.794)

1928
"The Ohio [Copper] company continues to obtain more than 350,000 pounds of copper monthly from leaching operations in the caved portion of its property." (The Mining Journal Oct 30 1928 p.53)

1928
"The [Ohio Copper] company has produced as high as 1,000,000 pounds of copper a month, at less than 7 cents a pound, by leaching-in-place and has paid two dividends. Water for this purpose is drawn through the incline shaft from the Mascotte tunnel, 1,400 feet inclined, and is spread over the ground, the water filters through the ore and is caught in lauders [launders?] on the Mascotte level below and precipitated with iron." (The Mining Journal Jan 15 1929 p.42)

1928
"The company's output for [1928] amounted to 3,977,982 pounds of copper as compared to 4,825,587 pounds for [1927]. (The Mining Journal Apr 15 1929 p.46)

1928
"Ohio Copper Company reports net profit for 1928 of $63,162. The company produced 3,973,282 lb. of copper from its leaching-in-place operations in Bingham Canyon, Utah, at an average cost of 11.428c. per pound." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 4 1929 p.738)

1929
"Production of precipitate from leaching operations has held at a fairly constant figure of 200,000 lb. monthly...." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 16 1929 p.788-789)

1929
"Output from the upper levels by the leaching-in-place method of low-grade copper ores is about 200,000 pounds a month." (The Mining Journal Nov 30 1929 p.48)

1930
"The production of 2,049,369 pounds of copper for [1930] compared favorably with the production of 2,215,178 pounds during [1929]." (The Mining Journal Apr 30 1931 p.13)

1930
"Due to the low metal prices, the Ohio Copper Company of Utah, Robert Goodwin, superintendent, Bingham Canyon, Utah, has curtailed operations at its mine and precipitation plant. The copper value in the ore is recovered by pumping slightly acidified water to the caved surface of the property, from where it finds its way down through old stopes and raises and is collected on lower levels and directed into launders. Here the copper is precipitated out of solution by means of detinned scrap." (The Mining Journal May 30 1930 p.49)

1930
"The underground leaching plant, which [in 1930] produced 2,048,369 pounds of copper...is being operated." (The Mining Journal May 15 1931 p.?)

1931
"The Ohio Copper Company of Utah closed its mine at Bingham Canyon, Utah, November 1, owing to the low price of copper. The company employs 20 men and produces an average of two carloads of copper precipitates weekly." (The Mining Journal Nov 15 1931 p.34)

1931
"Major pumping operations were stopped in March, 1931, and all operations suspended November 1,1931, due to the steady decline in copper.... Production in 1931, due to curtailed operations, was 658,213 pounds, while in 1930 production was 2,048,369 pounds." (The Mining Journal July 30 1932 p.28)

1931
"This operation was maintained till 1931 when the depression forced a shut down. The Ohio Copper property remained dormant till 1938 when a tailings retreatment plant was built at Lark. This plant was operating successfully in 1940." (Addy thesis p.69)

Utah Copper Cuprum Precipitation Plant

This plant was located on the hillside east of Central Yard. Map, photographs, and diagrams in Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 6 1928 p.534-537

1928
"Operations at the new plant began on March 26 [1928], and, during the period to June 1, the average flow treated was 1,000,000 gal. in 24 hours. Plant heads averaged 20 lb. of copper per 1,000 gal., from which an extraction of 97.5 per cent was made, tailing averaging 0.5 lb. of copper per 1,000 gal. The average grade of precipitate produced was 87 per cent copper. Contents of the company's dumps on the mountainsides and in the canyon gulches near the Bingham mine are estimated to be 87,000,000 cu.yd. The copper assay value of the various dumps ranges from 0.3 to 1 per cent, 50 per cent of the copper being in the form of chalcocite, 30 per cent covellite, and 20 per cent chalcopyrite.... Detinned iron scrap, which is used as the precipitating agent, is heaped into the upper chamber of the boxes.... Consumption of this scrap is 1¼ lb. for each pound of copper precipitated.... Precipitate in the settling tanks is allowed to accumulate to within 4 ft. of the top of the tanks, the water in the tanks overflowing at this elevation through slots at the foot, and then passing in launders to join the tailing flow from the plant. This mixture of plant tailing and overflow from the settling tanks is conveyed by a wood-stave gravity pipe line to the Bingham Canyon sewerage system." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 6 1928 p.534-536)

Utah Copper Lead Mine or Copperton Precipitation Plant

Interior photos in Smith Wilbur Smith's scrapbook: "Bingham Canyon Story", also photo of construction in old launder precipitation plant, Lead Mine -- 9/16/29 (outside view of long linear building).

1928
"Another Bingham project of importance is the entrance of the Utah Copper company into the precipitating field with the construction of a plant at the mouth of Bingham canyon to take the copper content from the water. Rain and snow waters in their travels over the highly mineralized slopes of the district pick up a large amount of mineral which in the past has been going to waste. The foundation for this plant is nearing completion." (Deseret News Dec 22 1928 p.II, Mining Industry Section)

1928
"Construction of the Lead Mine Plant near the mouth of Bingham Canyon was begun late in 1928. Collecting lines along Main Canyon and Carr Fork were increased in size to accommodate streams, which each intercepted, until lines joined near the lower end of Bingham. From this point, two 14 inch copper banded wood stave lines lead direct to the central plant at Lead Mine. This plant, housed in the longest building in the world according to 'Ripley', is 1520 feet long. The west portion of the building, 63 feet wide and 544 feet long, is used as storage for scap iron, while its east portion, 50 feet wide by 976 feet long, contains four parallel rows of concrete precipitating vats. Each vat, four feet wide by four feet deep, follows an 0.8 percent grade throughout the full length of 960 feet. Vats are divided into 80 foot sections with by-pass valves at each end for diverting water during washing. Baffles, made of boards at each 20 feet, regulate the depth and circulation of water. A false bottom of wood lattice rests 18 inches above the floor, allowing copper precipitates to settle below the scrap iron. Vats are loaded with detinned scrap iron as a precipitating medium." (History of Mining at Utah Copper p.178-179)

1929
"The new leaching plant of the Utah Copper Company at Copperton, Utah, has been put into operation and recoveries are running over 90 per cent. Last year, the company produced by leaching 1,933,235 pounds of copper at a cost of 6.2 cents. General Manager L.S. Cates estimates that the company will produce by leaching at least a billion pounds of copper from the capping previously believed to have no commercial value." (The Mining Journal May 15 1929 p.44)

1929
"The arrangement and equipment of the new Utah Copper precipitation plant near Copperton, Utah, are a crystallization of nearly ten years of experimentation, dating back to the days when the copper-laden waters from mine dumps were run through crude open boxes filled with junk iron. From a procedure allowing only the most rudimentary results, this operation has grown until detinned scrap, the fodder fed into the iron-devouring launders, and the finished product, copper mud, are handled by the trainload. Recoveries have jumped to 95 per cent. The grade of the precipitate has been increased to 90 per cent copper, and costs have been reduced to a rock-bottom minimum.... From the various gulches, water is conveyed to the Copperton plant in redwood pipes to the main 18-in. pipe." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 21 1929 p.467-469)

1929
"Following completion last year [1928] of the Cuprum precipitation plant, with a capacity of 2,000,000 gal. daily, Utah Copper put into operation this spring its Copperton plant, with a capacity of 6,000,000 gal. daily. During the spring run-off as high as 50,000 lb. of copper was recovered daily by this method. The percentage recovery has been consistently 95 per cent." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 16 1929 p.788)

Ohio Copper Pilot Mill

Good photographs of the mill and re-processing of the tailings in 1937 and 1942 are found at UHS, photos 10032-10033 and 10155-10160.

1929
"Tests of material from the tailing dump of Ohio Copper, at Lark, in the Bingham district of Utah, indicate that 4,995,459 tons on the dump, carrying .475 per cent copper, or 47,405,671 lb., can be re-treated at a profit, in view of the present high prices of copper. The tests were conducted by General Engineering, of Salt Lake City." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 13 1929 p.613)

1929
"Milling tests are being made of the dumps of the Ohio Copper Company at Lark, Utah, containing 4,995,495 tons of tailings and estimated to contain 47,405,671 pounds of copper. If preliminary work of the General Engineering Company at Salt Lake City is favorable, the company may mill this material." (The Mining Journal Apr 15 1929 p.46)

1930
"Construction of a small pilot plant will be undertaken by Ohio Copper to test the possibilities of treating its tailing dump at Bingham Canyon, Utah, by flotation. The dump averages about 5,000,000 tons, averaging 0.47 per cent copper. Tests by J.B. Lain, of Reno, Nev., indicate that a concentrate averaging 10.5 per cent copper can be made from this material at a profit, according to Ira B. Joralemon, consulting engineer of the company. The pilot plant will check Mr. Lain's tests and, if they are successful, a 1,700-ton tailing re-treatment plant will probably be built. Its cost is estimated at about $120,000 and the management anticipates a return of about $150,000 annually for seven years from its operation." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 7 1930 p.370)

1930
"The Ohio Copper Company, Bingham Canyon, Utah, Robert Goodwin, superintendent, is going to build a test plant for the treatment of tailings that carry 15 pounds of copper to the ton. If the operation of the plant proves successful, a larger plant will probably be erected." (The Mining Journal Apr 15 1930 p.50)

1930
"Within thirty days, Ohio Copper hopes to have completed details of the flow sheet for its new tailing re-treatment plant. Tests are now being made on the dump at Lark, in the Bingham Canyon district, Utah...." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 10 1930 p.39)

1930
"The Ohio Copper Company is making preparations to make a large scale test of leaching its tailings dump at Lark, Utah, according to Manager Percy H. Kittle. By the last of October the company expects to have everything in shape to begin hydraulicking and leaching of the tailings. The tailings dump contains about 4,000,000 tons of materials carrying 8 pounds of copper to the ton. Tests made during last year on flotation of the tailings, about 50 percent of which is soluble, showed that a very high recovery could be made by flotation. According to Consulting Engineer Ira B. Joralemon's report, it was estimated that building of a mill of 1,700 tons daily capacity would allow the company to make copper for 10 to 10.5 cents a pound.... Before going into treatment of its tailings by flotation on a large scale the company has decided to test large scale leaching of the material. This operation will be conducted on the basis of 2,500 to 3,000 tons daily. The material will be hydraulicked into a tailing pond and fluid drawn off and run through a precipitation plant similar to that operated in the Mascotte Tunnel of the company." (Mining Congress Journal, Oct 1930 p.786)

1930
"By the last of October, the Ohio Copper Company of Utah expects to have everything ready to begin hydraulicking and leaching its tailings dump at Lark.... The dump is estimated to contain 4,000,000 tons of material, carrying 8 pounds of copper to the ton. A large-scale test was conducted to determine whether or not hydraulicking would be more economical than recovery or flotation. Between 2,500 and 3,000 tons daily will be hydraulicked into a tailing pond and the fluid drawn off and run through a precipitation plant similar to that operated in the Mascotte tunnel of the company." (The Mining Journal Oct 15 1930 p.49)

1930
"On October 21, the Ohio Copper Company started leaching its large tailings dump at Lark, Utah.... When capacity is reached between 2,500 and 3,000 tons will be treated each day. The tailings are washed down by a stream of water into a pond where the minerals are leached." (The Mining Journal Nov 15 1930 p.48)

1930
"A plant capable of handling 3,000 tons a day was built and its operation, suspended with the approach of cold weather last fall, will be resumed within a few weeks." (The Mining Journal Apr 30 1931 p.13)

1931
"Addition of flotation units to the leaching plant erected last year at the Ohio Copper property, Bingham, Utah, for re-treatment of tailing is planned. This will enable treatment of slime from leaching section, now erected, and also of material deeper in the tailing dump, where oxidized content is small. The leaching section was built for about $25,000, with an estimated capacity of 3,000 short tons daily. Extremely cold weather made operation impossible after the plant was completed on Oct. 21. Production will start this spring as soon as weather permits. About 4,000,000 tons of tailing is available, averaging about 0.45 per cent copper. In the outer portion of the dump, about half the copper is soluble in discard water from the precipitation plant in the Mascotte tunnel. About 80 per cent of this soluble copper can be recovered at a cost of 16c. per ton of tailing (or 5c. a pound of recovered copper) by the leaching unit, consisting of hydraulicking apparatus, settling ponds, and precipitation boxes. Experiments proved that recovery can be increased from 3 to 6 lb. per ton by including flotation. Enlargement of the pilot flotation mill can be undertaken with this surplus, and at least the slime from the leaching unit can be treated by flotation. An operating profit of at least $150,000 annually for the next seven or eight years is expected by I.B. Joralemon, consulting engineer." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 13 1931 p.337)

1931
"The Ohio Copper Company of Utah, has resumed surface leaching at Lark, where a $25,000 plant was completed October 21 of last year, but operated only a few days before the cold weather set in.... About 80 per cent of this soluble copper can be recovered at a cost of 16 cents a ton of tailings, or 5 cents a pound of copper recovered, by a simple plant consisting of hydraulicking apparatus, settling ponds and precipitation boxes. Material deeper in the tailings pile will have to be treated by flotation, following the leaching where there is a large soluble copper content. Comparatively inexpensive changes in the pilot flotation mill erected during the spring of 1930 will enlarge it so that it can treat at least the slimes from the leaching operations." (The Mining Journal May 15 1931 p.?)

1937
"[A] transaction of major importance to the Bingham district is purchase of the Ohio Copper property by the Utah Copper Company for $600,000. Ohio Copper, however, retains possession to the property below its main haulage level. For some years, the mine has been operated by leaching in place. This May, it was to be sold by Salt Lake County for delinquent taxes. D.D. Moffat, general manager of Utah Copper, reports that his company wants the upper part of the Ohio Copper as a right-of-way for railroad lines and the vehicular tunnel to be driven, beginning April 1, between Bingham and Copperfield, in upper Bingham Canyon. According to Percy H. Kittle, manager of the Ohio Copper Company, the sale will allow the company to re-treat its 5,000,000 tons tailing dump and also to develop the limestone beds in the lower horizons of the mine." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 1937 p.203)

1937
"At Lark, near Bingham, the Ohio Copper Company has put its milling plant in operation, the installation costing $70,000, for the treatment of a tailings dump containing about 5,000,000 tons. The tailings are sluiced into a 500 ft. flume by a hydraulic giant. Pressure is maintained at 100 lb. to the square inch and water is used at the rate of 250 g.p.m. The slime is collected in a concrete sump and pumped in an 8-in. pipe line to the 1,000-ton flotation mill. Agitators dilute the slime to flotation density. Sulphuric acid and iron scrap are added to cause precipitation of the soluble copper. The overflow, containing the precipitated copper and the sulphides, is sent to flotation machines. On a 24-hour basis, employing 20 men, Percy H. Kittle, president of the Ohio Copper Company, reports that the mill should produce from 6,500 to 7,000 lb. of copper precipitate daily and 15 to 16 tons of concentrate, averaging 22 to 23 per cent copper." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 1937 p.76)

1940
"Ohio Copper Co., operating at Bingham, reported for the year 1940 a net profit of $43,643...compared with a loss of $9,074 in 1939. Total copper production amounted to $2,207,085 lb. at an operating cost of 8.49c., reports Percy H. Kittle, president and general manager." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 1941 p.72-73)

1941
"The Ohio Copper Co...is treating 1,000 tons of tailings every 24 hours at its Lark, Bingham district, plant. The company estimates that it has sufficient tailings for ten years more of operation. About 8,000 lb. of copper daily are being produced from tailings carrying one-half of 1 percent copper. In addition, 1,500 lb. of copper daily are being recovered by leaching-in-place of the caved area in the Bingham mine." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 1941 p.76)

1942
"Installation of new equipment at the Ohio Copper Co.'s, plant at Lark, in the Bingham district, enabled the company to increase production 50 percent on May 20, according to Percy H. Kittle, president and general manager. A total of 1,500 tons of tailings per day will be treated under the new arrangement. Last year, the company produced 2,609,749 lb. of copper by treating 1,000 tons daily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 1942 p.86)

1941
"The Ohio Company is another copper producer in the Bingham district. After mining and milling its low grade copper ores unsuccessfully, it adopted a leaching and precipitation method of extracting the copper in 1923 which is still successful. A new 1000-ton flotation plant was put into operation during 1938, and produced 1,250,730 pounds of copper, 249 ounces of gold, and 3,116 ounces of silver. About 92 per cent of the copper came from old tailings." (Anna Viola Lewis Thesis, 1941 p.73)

1942
"Production of the Ohio Copper Co., of Utah, mill at Lark, treating tailings amounted in 1942 to $283,831 in concentrate. Gross income amounted to $267,967 and net operating profit, before depletion and depreciation, to $51,565, a $10,000 increase over the figures for 1941." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 1943 p.98)

1943
"Operating profit from the treatment of tailings at the Lark (Bingham district) plant was $165,870, compared with $75,416 in 1942." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 1944 p.124)

1944
"Ohio Copper Co., of Utah, [tailings re-treatment mill at Lark], profit for 1944, before depreciation and depletion, was [$87,117], compared with [$124,692] for 1943, says the company's annual report." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 1945 p.122)

1945
"Operating profit for Ohio Copper Co., of Utah, in 1945 was $147,068, compared with $91,055 in 1944, Percy H. Kittle, president, announced. The company treats tailings and leachings from old mine slopes at Lark and operates the Big Indian mine, in the LaSal district." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 1946 p.113)

1946
"The tailings mill at Lark produced 2,209,305 lb. of copper, 350 oz. of gold, and 3,883 oz. of silver, compared with 2,287,521 lb. of copper, 370 oz. of gold and 3,930 oz. of silver in 1945." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 1947 p.116)

1948
"Ohio Copper Co. of Utah has reported a $36,249 loss in 1948. Its only metal production for the year was from cleanup of concentrates at the Big Indian mine in southern Utah and at the Lark tailings retreatment plant, plus small tonnages developed at the company mine in the Bingham Canyon district." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 1949 p.131)

Winamuck Smelter

Woodcut illustration of Winnamuck smelter in Addy thesis, Plate I.

Stereo photos available looking at smelter both up and down canyon in Smith's file labeled "Photos, Mining, Bingham."

Article dated 1873, reprinted from Engineering & Mining Journal, "Economical Results of Smelting in Utah", by Ellsworth Daggett, Manager of the Winamuck Smelting Works, Bingham Canyon, U.T., is in 1873 LDS Church Archives, MS 8413, p.94

1867-70
Operated by Bristol & Dagget, Bingham Canyon (Smith's smelter history)

1871
"Messrs. Taggart and Bristol are clearing off the ground and excavating for the foundation of large smelting works at the base of the mountain below their shaft on the Minnamucca [sic] Lode. (Salt Lake Tribune, Apr 19 1871)

1871
"Winnamuck mine: Two thousand feet located; 'vein' varies in width from a foot up to 16-1/2 feet. The ore is argentiferous galena and carbonates.... Some 1,200 tons of ore had been taken out up to April, 1871. At present the mine belongs to Messrs. Bristol & Dagget, who have worked it very successfully during the year. As their furnace (a large one of the Piltz pattern) is located immediately below the mine, so that the ore can be directly run down to the charge-floor by means of a chute, which commences at the mouth of one of the tunnels, and, as a part of the ore from this mine (carbonate) contains much more oxide of iron, and is richer in lead and silver, than is usual in the Bingham mines, these gentlemen prosecute their business under somewhat more favorable circumstances than the other mine and furnace owners. In fact, as far as I was able to ascertain, they are the only successful mine-owners in the district, a fact due partly to the above causes and partly to their superior intelligence and the good tact which caused them to employ an accomplished metallurgist to build their furnace and to start it running successfully. These gentlemen have also worked the ore from the Spanish mine, a great part of which was galena, and of medium richness in silver, in their furnace." (Statistics of Mines and Mining, Commissioner of Mining Statistics, 1873 p.314)

1871
"In the year of its discovery [1867] the [Winnamuck] mine was bought by Bristol & Dagget for $15,000. In August, 1871, smelting was begun. The mine was sold in 1872 to an English company for $300,000 and 50,000 shares of the stock. Smelting proved so unprofitable that in 1875 it was abandoned and the ore sold. In 1876 the property was bought by an Amsterdam company. Smelting has never been resumed...." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.410)

1871
"Autumn. -- Winnamuck smelter built." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.408)

1871
"The Winnamuck Smelter which was built in 1871 was one of the most efficient plants of its day. The smelting took place in two circular Piltz furnaces. These furnaces measured 14 feet from the tuyeres to the throat (charging floor), 3-1/2 feet in diameter at the tuyeres and 5 feet at the top. The furnace walls were 18 inches thick. There were six tuyeres, with 2-1/2 inch nozzles. The upper part of the furnace was made of fire brick and rested upon a cast-iron flange. The part below the flange was sandstone 13 inches thick, lined with 4 inches of fire-brick. The slag discharge was 10 inches below the tuyere level. The furnaces were equipped with automatic siphon taps and the blast was furnished by Roots blowers having a pressure of 1-1/2 inches of mercury. The average length of run with these furnaces was from 20 to 22 days. Trouble was usually encountered from the formation of salamanders (accretions) and by the burning out of the walls caused by the basic slag on an acid refractory. The cost of smelting was rather high at this plant, but because of efficient metallurgical control, losses were relatively low.... The furnace charge consisted of about 13 parts ore, 4 parts iron ore, 5 parts limestone, 6 parts charcoal, and two parts old slag. The total cost of smelting one ton of ore was $44.00 and the total cost of ore per ton including mining, freight, sampling, and smelting was $89.73. Regardless of these high costs, the smelter did very well due to the completeness of extraction. The total losses in treatment were 6.45 of the lead and 5.85 percent of the silver." (The History of Smelting in Utah, by Leichter and Adamson, p.8-10)

1872
"The Winnamuck mine and smelting-works have been managed during the greater part of the year by Messrs. Bristol & Dagget, in the interest of a Rhode Island Company. Late in the year the whole establishment was transferred to an English company, for a consideration of $400,000.... The ore is distributed in chimneys or bodies in the vein, and consists of carbonate of lead and galena, with subordinate associated minerals and siliceous gangue, carrying about 38 per cent. of lead and 56 ounces of silver per ton, as shown by the furnace-assays of nearly 1,300 tons.... Out of these bodies there have been extracted and reduced, from August 1, 1871, to June 30, 1872, about 2,200 tons of ore, yielding a net profit of $80,000.... According to the superintendent, Mr. Ellsworth Dagget, there were smelted, during the year 1872, at the Winnamuck Works, dry ore, 3,954 913/1000 tons, containing 1,383 712/1000 tons of lead and 203,536 58/100 ounces of silver.... Losses in units, 3.82 per cent of lead and 3.00 ounces of silver; losses on total contents, 11 per cent of lead and 5.83 ounces of silver.... All of their ore handled, excepting a few tons, was from the Winnamuck mine." (Statistics of Mines and Mining, Commissioner of Mining Statistics, 1873 p.252-253)

1872
"The ore smelted in the Winnamuck furnace, during the year 1872, consisted for the most part of oxidized ores from the Winnamuck mine, only 60 tons of outside ore (from the Spanish mine) having been smelted. The latter, like the principal Winnamuck ore, was oxidized, or so-called carbonate ore. There was mixed with those oxidized ores 300 to 400 tons, or 7 to 10 per cent. of galena, some of which was mined with the oxidized ore, while a part was mined separately from the lower portion of the mine, and afterwards mixed with the ore, with a view of preventing the formation of deposits of metallic iron in the furnaces." (Statistics of Mines and Mining, Commissioner of Mining Statistics, 1873 p.361-362)

1872
"The early Utah smelters made many advances in the art of extractive metallurgy. The first smelter in the United States to have replaced charcoal with coke was the Winnamuck. In 1872 Alfred Wartenweiler, superintendent of the plant at that time, began to use Connellsville coke in the place of charcoal with good results. As a result of this the Utah smelters abandoned the use of charcoal long before the operators in Nevada and Colorado." (The History of Smelting in Utah, by Leichter and Adamson, p.10)

1872
"The smelter was such a success that Bristol and Dagget were able to sell the works in 1872 to some English investors for three million dollars and fifty thousand shares of stock in the new company. The expectations of the new company were not fulfilled, however, for in 1875 the carbonate ore ran out and the smelter was perforce abandoned." (Addy thesis, p.31-32)

1872
"The Winamuck smelter...was most successfully operated by Messrs. Bristol & Daggett. The expenses were very high, but the losses were correspondingly low: '...In respect of completeness of extraction the works are doing excellently for this region, the total losses in treatment being 6.4 per cent of the lead and 5.8 per cent of the silver contained as per fire assay in the ore.' ...In 1872 the Winamuck works included -- 'two Piltz furnaces, 14 feet in height from the tuyeres to the feed hole, 3-1/2 feet in diameter at the tuyeres, with 2-1/2-inch nozzles. The slag discharge is 10 inches below the tuyeres.... The automatic siphon tap is employed[.] Blast is furnished from the Root blowers that have been worked up to a pressure of 2 inches of mercury, but the usual pressure is 1-1/2 inches.'" (USGS PP38 p.90)

1872-73
Operated by Bristol & Bateman of Nevada, on later site of D&RGW RR Depot. (??)

1873
"The Winnamuck Company, organized in New Haven, have two furnaces, superintended by Messrs. Bristol and Daggett, which have been very successful, and are in good running order. The Winnamuck mine has, during the past year, netted its owners about $600,000 in bullion, and has recently been sold for a good price to a German company, and it is anticipated that in the spring another large furnace will be erected in connection with this mine. It is also proposed by different parties to erect several other furnaces, and I understand that some furnace sites are already purchased, so next summer will find this camp in a very lively and flourishing condition." (Feb 12 1873, LDS Church Archives, MS 8413, p.16)

1873
"Here are unmistakable evidences of great mining prosperity. The streets are jammed with ore wagons. The Winamuck smelter is emitting her volumes of smoke, with a force of eighty to 100 men working her mines and furnaces, realizing about $75,000 net profit per month." (Salt Lake Leader, Aug 9 1873, LDS Church Archives, MS 8413, p.102)

1874
"The losses of metal in smelting [at the Winamuck] have been enormous. The accounts of 1873 show a loss of nearly 20 per cent. in silver and over 25 per cent. in lead. During 1874 sufficient data could not be found in the company's works to calculate the loss, but as much sulphuret-ore has been worked, the losses may be still greater. These losses are caused, first, by dust escaping from the blast-furnaces, in consequence of insufficient dust-chamber capacity; second, by slags high in silver and lead; third, by formation of a large amount of matte, in consequence of imperfect roasting of sulphuret-ore; fourth, by the formation of incrustations in the furnace caused by volatilization of zinc." (Statistics of Mines and Mining, Commissioner of Mining Statistics, 1875 p.343)

1874
"About 1874 the easily reduced carbonate ores were nearly worked out and most of the mines, not only in Bingham district, but all over the Territory, found themselves entering the sulphide zone. Methods of smelting had to be altered accordingly. As a result the Winnamuck plant was forced to remodel completely. This was the first plant in Utah to introduce the Matte-roasting process which subjected the lead-copper matte formed in the blast furnaces to further treatment. In May 1874 the Winnamuck installed a single hearth reverb to roast the sulphides. After many trials this did not prove effective so a double hearth reverb was built. The lower hearth had an area of 9 ft. by 17 ft. and was 3 ft. 4 inches from the ground, while the upper hearth had an area of 9 ft. by 15 ft. The fire box was built outside the furnace and delivered its flame over a perforated fire bridge, and then over the ore on the lower hearth. The hot gases ascended through a narrow flue 6 ft. 6 in. section and 8 ft. 6 in. high into the upper hearth where it passed over another layer of ore and then into the flues. A great saving was effected by this comparatively efficient furnace, the ore coming into the finishing hearth already partially roasted. The ore was hand rabbled, and four laborers were required to roast 4 tons of ore per shift. The total cost of reverberatory roasting was $5.10 per ton. The fuel required for twenty-four hours consisted of 1,400 pounds of lignite. The ore was hand-picked when mined and delivered to the plant in two parts, one containing oxidized carbonate and sulphate of lead, the other a mixture of galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite. The average assay of the sulphide ore treated during 1874 was 55.5 oz. of silver per ton and 16 percent lead. The sulphide ore was screened and only the minus 1/2 inch was fed into the reverb; the coarse material was heat roasted. About 250 tons of this coarse material was burned in one pile. Such heaps usually burned for two or three months, at a cost of 75¢ per ton. After the first burning the material was hand picked and the unroasted pieces put back into a second fire. Considerable quantities of this roasted ore was sold to other smelters at a net profit of $40.00 per ton. In 1874, when the Winnamuck plant was remodeled, Ellsworth Daggett conceived the idea of equipping the lead blast furnaces with water jackets. Before that time all lead blast furnaces in the country had been built with solid walls of brick or stone around the smelting zone, and were cooled by sprays of water on the brick work. Sometimes a campaign would last only a few days, and a week's run was considered good. When Mr. Daggett built water jackets to replace the brick walls around the smelting zone the furnace campaigns were lengthened tremendously and there was no more trouble from burnt out brick work. This was probably one of the greatest advances in metallurgy that took place in Utah." (The History of Smelting in Utah, by Leichter and Adamson, p.10-12)

"The success of Buel and Bateman [at the Utah Mill] was excelled by Bristol and Daggett, the latter a civil engineer, who took charge of the now famous Winnamuck and erected a smelter, a company being formed to finance the concern. Millions were taken from the Winnemuck, and the bottom has not yet been reached." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Feb 28 1909)

1873-1875
Operated by Bristol, Daggett, and Buel.

1875
"Early last spring this company shut down their smelter, and have shipped ore to the other works since." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1876)

1875
"Early in the year the Winnamuck Company shut down its smelter, and since then it has been shipping ore." (Statistics of Mines and Mining, Commissioner of Mining Statistics, 1877 p.275)

1880
"The old slag dump had...been leased at about one-quarter royalty, and produced 3 tons of scrap bullion, worth $200 per ton; 60 tons of matte, worth $62 per ton; and 40 tons of jigged material, worth $48 per ton. The results from this, as from most other old slag dumps, were not flattering to the early smelters." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.410)

1893
"Regular shipments of slag from the old Winnemuck slag dump are still being made." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 7 1893 p.380)

Utah Concentrator

1870
Bristol & Bateman mill, first in district. (Souvenir of Bingham 1909)

"It was sometime after the richness of the district became known before the first mill was put in. The promoters were Buel and Bateman, who were interested in what was known as the old Utah property at the upper end of the gulch. Their venture proved most successful the firm reaped hundreds of thousands of dollars in profits." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Feb 28 1909)

1873
"The Utah Silver Mining Co., of London, property in Bingham, are preparing to prosecute work vigorously.... A new man is coming out from England to put up twelve concentrating machines for the galena ores." "Corrected. -- It is not the intention of the company to put up twelve concentrating machines as stated; the dressing of the ore will be done by the machine already possessed by the company, supplemented by Cornish rollers to be sent from England" (Feb 26 1873 (Salt Lake Herald), LDS Church Archives, MS 8413, p.19)

1873
"The Utah Silver Mining Company...sold, during the month of June, six hundred tons of galena ore, which averaged over fifty per cent in lead and eighteen dollars in silver to the ton.... There are over one thousand tons of second-class ore on the dumps, averaging forty per cent in lead and eleven ounces in silver, to the ton, ready for the concentrator.... The quantity of second-class ore in sight is said to be 15,000 tons, and the deepest level is only 104 feet. When the concentrators are in full working order, it is calculated that from 800 to 1,000 tons of concentrated ore will be sold per month, affording a net profit of nearly $20,000 per month. -- This is expected to be the average for some time to come." (LDS Church Archives, MS 8413, 1873 p.86)

1874
"The Utah [dressing] works were running for a while in the summer on ore from the mine of the same company, and did good work. But this ore changed very suddenly in the stopes to almost solid zinc-blende, containing very little galena, and this so intimately mixed with the blende, that it was no longer profitable to treat it, especially as the silver contents of this ore were no higher than of the ore formerly treated. Later, after the Utah Company had stopped operations in its own mines, the dressing-works did custom-work for a short time." (Statistics of Mines and Mining, Commissioner of Mining Statistics, 1875 p.340)

1874
"Concentration works erected; first in Utah" (USGS PP38 p.98)

1873-1876
Concentration works by John Longmaid on the Utah Mine. (DUP)

1874
"Concentration works erected by John Longmaid on the Utah mine. Demolished in 1876." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.408)

1874
"Concentrating works, costing $40,000, consisting of buddles, tables, jigs, and tie-boxes, were erected by John Longmaid [at the Utah Mine]. These did the work comparatively well, but as there was not a ready sale for the mixture of galena and pyrite they were sold to Holden, and the apparatus was moved in 1876 to the Old Telegraph." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.409)

1876
"Owing to the enormous masses of very low grade ores in Bingham, the capacity of the camp will not be reached until proper concentration works are built. These very low grade ores, i.e. containing 3 to 10 oz. silver and 5 to 20 per cent. lead, contain such large percentage of silica as to render the profitable treatment in furnaces impossible. The first concentration works built were those of the 'Utah Silver Lead Company.' Their mines showed large bodies of galena, zinc blende, iron and copper pyrites assaying from 6 to 17 oz. silver, according to the preponderance of galena in the mixture; the galena assaying 23 to 33 oz. silver. The different minerals were not very intimately mixed nor very finely divided, which obviated the necessity of fine crushing and consequent production of a large percentage of slimes. Mr. Longmaid was sent out from England to build the works. The English directors, with characteristic forethought, sent out some jigs and buddles complete, and, to insure their early and safe arrival, had them sent by express. These were used as models, after which the remaining machines were built. The works, as completed, consisted of a double horizontal engine, small Blake breaker, one pair ten-inch rolls, an elevator for returning coarse stuff to the rolls, ten jigs, two rotary buddles, prying kiln, and settling vats. The cost, exclusive of the engines and breaker, which were on hand, was about $35,000. The company ran the works one season and then stopped on account of financial unsuccess. The following season they were leased by a Salt Lake firm, who ran them for a year, and then closed for want of further credit. I think these last found it a profitable investment, as they sold large quantities of concentrated ores at good prices, while their deferred payments included wages, board, drinks, rental, materials, etc. As regards the results of concentrating: The ores shipped averaged over, 60 per cent. lead and 20 oz. silver. It was claimed that the loss in lead was very low, and the loss in silver very high. Judging from the assays made of a very large number of samples, which were those used by Mr. Sewell in his report recommending the building of the works, this could not be the case, as those assays showed the galena to be the silver-bearing mineral, consequently a large loss in silver must be accompanied by a proportional loss in lead. This I found, upon examination, to be the case, for a man named Mitchel erected some 'setz siebe' a quarter of a mile down the Canyon for the purpose of working the tailings from the upper mill. As long as the mill ran he had a profitable business. His product consisted principally of about 2 mm. stuff, the fall in the Canyon at this point being sufficient to carry such particles in the water current. A difficulty that the mill had to contend with was, that our smelters did not know enough to roast the concentrated ore, and it blocked the furnaces, when used raw, by adhering to the walls in the upper part of the furnace. On this account it had to seek a market outside of Utah, and the most of it was shipped to Pittsburgh. Lack of competition lowered the price, and of course, diminished the profits. I think the works might have been improved, had they not to carry unnecessary capital invested in express charges on full-size working models, on unnecessarily large and expensive buildings. The height of the main jig building must be over twenty feet, the jigs, counter-shafting, etc., utilizing ten feet of this. The introduction of the old-fashioned jig, requiring the stoppage of the machine to remove the galena from the screens, instead of using the automatic discharge. Then the runs were laid so flat as to require constant attention to prevent clogging. The last two require unnecessary labor; in fact, useless labor seemed to be the most obtrusive fault. The works were built on the mine which lies near the head of Main Bingham Canyon. This has two objections. Lying so near the head of the Canyon the water supply is small and uncertain -- in Summer, from drought, in Winter, from frost. Secondly, its location cuts it off from nearly all the mines in the Canyon, so the works are entirely dependent on the mine. Had the mill been built three miles below, an abundance of water could be had the year round, the cost of delivering the ore from most of the mines would not exceed 50c. per ton, and the mill could have been kept busy all the time on custom-work, and made some money for the owners. The product should not have averaged higher than 50 per cent. lead, formed by mixing first class, over sixty per cent., and second class about forty per cent. In this way, the losses which occur when stuff is concentrated very closely, could have been partially avoided, and as nobody analyzed their ores, but worked the furnaces by guess, the relative value of the product would not have been changed. It is hoped some one will take hold of these works, for it would greatly benefit the camp. If there was not enough of these works, I think a complete outfit of Krom's Concentrators (bran new) could be had, cheap for cash. I do not recommend these last, however, for it seems to me that if the owners had as much faith as they profess in their system, they would not have used their large brick mill merely as a storehouse for their machinery. From what I have seen of Krom's Concentrators, I think them practically perfect, but not perfectly practical." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Mar 18 1876 p.273)

1876
Demolished in 1876. (DUP)

1880
"Utah is about making a large shipment of jigged ore." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 14 1880 p.123)

1880
"The Utah, adjoining the Jordan on the east, is showing quite as extensive low-grade gold ore-bodies as its neighbor can boast. A new amalgamating test is to be applied to the ores from this mine." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 14 1880 p.106)

1880
"The Utah mine worked quite a force all summer under the management of Ed. Cruthers. Much concentrating ore was taken from the mine and made marketable through the means of a jigger." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1881)

Utah Smelter

1871
"The ores of the Utah Silver Mining and Smelting Company, limited, are of the same character as those of the Spanish mine, viz., very poor and silicious. At the time of a visit of Messrs. Hahn and Eilers to these works nine classes were made, for what purpose could not be learned. The charge was as follows: 2 baskets of coal, at 2-1/2 bushels=90 pounds; 6 shovels of ore (chiefly leadhillite)=90 pounds; 2 shovels of iron ore=26 pounds; 2 shovels of limestone=26 pounds; 2 large shovels of slag, about=30 pounds -- 172 pounds. This is at the rate of 111 bushels of coal to 1 ton of ore, or 58.1 bushels to 1 ton of smelting-mixture. This proportion is exorbitant; but was all that could be done under the circumstances, the ore being poor in lead, and the iron ore, though scrupulously assorted, very silicious. Assuming that 140 charges passed the furnace within twenty-four hours, its capacity would be 6 tons 600 pounds of ore, from which 2 tons 200 pounds of lead resulted. Under a higher pressure of the blast like that at the Winnamuck furnace, the capacity of the latter would probably be attained. The furnace then running was a six-sided one, with five tuyeres of 2-1/2-inch muzzle, and mechanical feeder. It was supplied with blast by a No.8 Sturtevant blower. But there was a larger one in the course of construction, an exact copy of No.5, at the Eureka Consolidated Company's works. Buel & Bateman's works, at the mouth of the Little Cottonwood Canyon, consist of two circular Piltz furnaces of the same size as the one of the Utah Silver Mining and Smelting Company, limited." (AIME Transactions, Vol.I, (May 1871), p.127)

1871
"The smelting works of Buel & Bateman, now the Utah Silver Mining Company, in Bingham Canyon, were next erected on the same plan as those in Little Cottonwood. These furnaces have a combined capacity of sixty tons -- and, being perfect in all their appointments, have run more constantly and produced more bullion than any other works in the Territory. The works at Little Cottonwood and Bingham, consist of two hexagon furnaces of the improved "Piltz" pattern.... Those at Bingham were commenced Dec. 10, 1870, and were turning out bullion February 8th, 1871." (Murphy, Mineral Resources of Utah, 1871, p.6)

1871
"Early in the fall of [1870], the first really efficient and practical work towards the development of the mines of this district, was commenced by Messrs. Bristol and Daggett, on the "Spanish" and "Winamuck" mines. Col. D.E. Buel followed soon after, and purchased for Buel and Bateman, a group of mines of some nine locations, now known as the property of Utah S.M. Co., Limited. Col. Buel, early in December, commenced work on the mines, and also on the erection of the first efficient smelting works in the district; and, notwithstanding the inclement winter season, which had set in when work commenced, yet in sixty days from his starting to build, the furnace was running successfully, turning out some 5-1/2 tons of bullion per day. The success achieved in the reduction of the ores, which hitherto had been regarded as exceedingly refractory, gave an impetus to mining in Bingham Canyon, which led to more extensive operations in mining generally, especially in the developing of those already discovered, in sales of mining property, and the introduction of capital." (Murphy, Mineral Resources of Utah, 1871, p.15)

1871
"The first smelter in Bingham Canyon was erected at the Utah mine. This was stated in 1873 to have proved a failure. The following items are from the report of the superintendent for 1872: 'The cost of each ton of ore smelted is: In fluxes, $6.96; charcoal, $15.80; labor, $4.27; calcination, $5.30; mining and incidentals, $6; aggregating $38.33 per ton, while the amount produced from each ton of ore smelted was, gross, $43.85, leaving only $5.52 as net profit on each ton of ore'" (USGS PP38 p.89)

1871
"The first smelter to be erected in Bingham was that of the Utah Silver Mining company which went into operation in 1871.... The Utah Smelter was equipped with two hexagonal blast furnaces, one having a capacity of 20 tons and the other 50 tons of ore per 24 hours. Each furnace had five tuyeres of 2-1/2" muzzle and a mechanical feeder. The furnace charges consisted of 90 lbs. of lead ore, 26 lbs. of iron ore, 26 lbs. of limestone, and 30 lbs. of old slag. The charcoal amounted to 2.1 tons per ton of smelting mixture. The grade of ore used was fairly high so that 3 tons of ore usually yielded about one ton of lead bullion.... The plant seemed to be handled more like a stock promotion scheme than a smelting venture. It was stated to be a failure and closed in 1873." (The History of Smelting in Utah, by Leichter and Adamson, p.7-8)

1872
"The smelting works of Buel & Bateman, now the Utah Silver Mining Company, in Bingham Canyon, were next erected on the same plan as those in Little Cottonwood. These furnaces have a combined capacity of sixty tons -- and, being perfect in all their appointments, have run more constantly and produced more bullion than any other works in the Territory. The works at Little Cottonwood and Bingham, consist of two hexagon furnaces of the improved 'Piltz' pattern.... Those at Bingham were commenced Dec. 10, 1870, and were turning out bullion February 8th, 1871." (Murphy, Mineral Resources of the Territory of Utah, 1872 p.7)

1871-1873
First smelter in West Mountain mining district. (DUP)

1873
"I am quite impressed with the promising appearance of many of the mines and things in general, particularly with the furnaces of both the Utah Silver Mining and the Winnamuck companies, and I predict for Bingham a very successful future. It is very gratifying to mine-owners, and all others as well as this district, and very creditable to mining enterprise, that after two years of trial and disappointment, a method has been discovered by which the most rebellious ores may be reduced with profitable results. The Utah Company have two furnaces, which are principally supplied with the ores taken out of the Portland and Red Warrior. This latter lode contains a large deposit of galena ore, surpassed in quantity only by the Comstock, and but for the low grade of the ore in silver, it would be the most valuable mine in the district." (Feb 12 1873, LDS Church Archives, MS 8413, p.16)

1873
"A new superintendent has been appointed in place of Mr. Murphy, the late incumbent. We learn also that Mr. Isaac Bateman has been elected to the office of Resident Director." (LDS Church Archives, MS 8413, Mar 1873 p.14)

1873
"About half a mile above the Spanish [mine], up the main Canyon, is located the Utah Silver-Lead Company's mines, W.H. Rodda, Superintendent. This property was sold in London, and is an English incorporation. The company have [sic] an elephant on their hands in the shape of a fine and completely appointed smelter, situated just below their mines. It is not in use now, and was abandoned on account of the cost of materials that had to be freighted up the Canyon." (July 8 1873, LDS Church Archives, MS 8413, p.92, citing Salt Lake Herald)

1880
"The first smelter in Bingham Canyon was erected [at the Utah mine] in 1871 by Buel & Bateman. In the same year it was sold to an English company at a price said to have been $450,000. This company ran the smelter until 1873, when pyrites were struck." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.409)

Operated by Buel & Bateman. (Smith's smelter history)

Last Chance Mill or Wald's Mill or Cutler's Mill

Located on D&RGW claims map

125 tpd capacity

1872
"The Last Chance mine was opened in 1872 by an English company, and developed to a considerable extent, when instructions were given to take out the ore and send it to market. Developments ceased. About $1,000,000 worth of very fine ore was extracted; a little more work was done; and since that period the mine has been closed down." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 20 1880 p.330)

1873
"I find the Last Chance, owned by an English company, looking very well and showing immense bodies of both smelting and free-milling ores. It is intended to push work vigorously on this mine, and also to erect works for the treatment of the different ores produced therefrom." (Feb 12 1873, LDS Church Archives, MS 8413, p.16)

1882
"The British tunnel has been started in Muddy gulch, just below Wald's concentrating mill...." (Marsh Maps locate the British Tunnel) (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1883)

1889
"There was a reorganization lately of the New Last Chance, and a renaming, the property now being known as the West Mountain Group. With its excellent tunnel system and concentrator, it is hoped this property will be a large producer this year." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1890)

1890 West Mountain Mining Co.'s Concentrator, 4 jigs, 2 slum tables, not in operation Nov 1890. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Nov 1890 #2)

1890
"The Last Chance is one of the great mines of to-day. It sold for $500,000 long ago. The product 10 years ago had reached $400,000, with over 6,000 feet of openings. It has produced to date $1,200,000. It has an $8,000 concentrating mill on the property capable of reducing 50 tons per day." (Marcus E. Jones, U.S. Treasury Dept., Internal Commerce of the United States, 1890? p.891)

1893
"North Last Chance. -- This company is enlarging its concentrator at Bingham." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 10 1893 p.544)

1893
"North [Last] Chance Mine. -- A force of 18 men is still being worked and the ore taken out is of good quality. The mill has been closed down, but this is said to be temporary." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 29 1893 p.122)

1896
"A forty-ton concentrator is to be erected on the Last Chance, at Bingham." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Apr 16 1896 p.5)

1896
"The Last Chance mill has received its finishing touches, and will start up today for a trial run. It has a capacity of about 50 tons, and it is believed will overcome the difficulty which has been experienced in treating Last Chance ore owing to its adhesive character. A Chilean pulverizer in connection is expected to meet this drawback, as it is a grinding process and will not clog. The other machinery includes Trent's vanners, a crusher and rolls. The superintendent is B.F. Sargent, a mill man of many years' experience." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, July 30 1896 p.9)

1896
"On visiting the new Last Chance mill yesterday a Bulletin reporter saw it running without a hitch, and with every indication that it will prove a fine success, overcoming obstacles which have in the past made the concentration of Last Chance ores a difficult if not losing proposition. A grinding pulverizer, similar to the arrastra in operation, reduces the ore to the fineness of flour, and defies its tenacious clogging, which paralyzed the former mill. The plant includes six improved frue vanners, and their products look unusually promising. The mill as at present arranged has about 50 tons capacity. It started up Wednesday afternoon, and is running on mixed ore that was in the bin. Hereafter it is to be supplied from the Hooper mine, one of the Last Chance group, and if results are satisfactory will be run from now on to its full capacity...." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Sep 10 1896 p.5)

1896
"Last Chance. -- This old-time Bingham producer is to start up under the management of W.J. Hodge, of Houghton, Mich., and J. Papineau, Jr., of Chicago. The property has a mill for the concentration of its low-grade ores." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 26 1896 p.303)

1896
"The new Last Chance mill having proved a very gratifying success, the management has been encouraged to put the mines in connection in shape for future extensive production, and to that end considerable preparatory work is in progress...." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Oct 29 1896 p.5)

1896
"The Last Chance mill made a shipment of concentrates during the week. The experimental run has proven so satisfactory to the new management of this old property that improvements are to be put in, and old portions of the mines are to be reopened for their concentrating ores." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Nov 5 1896 p.6)

1897
"North Last Chance. -- This is an old-time Bingham producer now being rejuvenated by C.J. Hodge, of Houghton, Mich., with the aid of a concentrator. Mr. Hodge is installing a number of jigs of his own invention (patented) of the same pattern as 56 installed at the Tamarack on the Lake, last March. A good grade of concentrates is being made by the one jig now in use at the North Last Chance concentrator, and experiments are bringing the percentage saved up to a point where the vanners can do no more." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 3 1897 p.19)

1897
"North Last Chance. -- Recently several important changes have taken place, resulting in a fair profit rather than a loss in mining and milling lead-silver low grades, of which there is a huge store. Superintendent J.P. Turner, wherever possible, is doing everything by contract. The experiments with the Hodge jig have demonstrated that it does better work on this ore than the Frues; so the vanners are to be discarded, and sufficient jigs will be put in to increase the mill tonnage from 35 to 100 per diem. A new boiler, soon to take the place of the present one, will add greatly to the efficiency of the mill. As mined the ore runs 4 percent to 8 percent lead, 2 to 5 oz. silver. It is concentrated 10 into 1, making a $40 to $60 smelting product. The old workings in other portions of the property are being cleaned out, to reach bodies of low grade neglected in the bonanza days when the Last Chance was a large shipper of rich ore." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 31 1897 p.139)

1897
"North Last Chance. -- On Friday, August 13th, one side of the mill tumbled in, and a day or two later it burned to the ground. As this is written no particulars are at hand of the extent of the damage. A lot of new machinery, fortunately not on the ground, consisting of a boiler, four Hodge jigs, etc., was about to be put in. It is expected the mill will be speedily rebuilt, as the concentrates from this low-grade mineral, of which there is a large store, run high in lead and not particularly so in silver." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 21 1897 p.228)

1897
"Estimated loss in burning of the mill two weeks ago is $15,000, of which $8,175 is recovered through insurance. Mr. Hodge, the principal owner, wired instructions from Chicago to have the site cleared, as he purposed to lose no time in rebuilding." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 28 1897 p.258)

1897
"Last Chance Concentrating Mill. -- Recently, at Salt Lake, the contract to rebuild the Last Chance concentrating mill, Bingham, Utah, destroyed by fire on August 14th, was let to J.W. Evans, to be completed in 60 days. The machinery will be supplied from the Lake Superior Iron Works, Houghton, Mich., the plant of Mr C.J. Hodge, owner of the Last Chance. It will consist of a 9 x 15-in. Blake crusher, one set of 14 x 24-in. rolls, one 5-ft. Chilean mill, and 6 Hodge patent jigs; capacity, 100 tons per diem. A 75-H.P. boiler and 50-H.P. engine will furnish power. Recently this property was styled the North Last Chance. Mr. Hodge has decided to drop the word 'North,' as it is the only Last Chance mine of the district." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 2 1897 p.409)

1897
"Last Chance. -- The structure of the new concentrating mill is about finished. The machinery will begin to arrive next week. Active mining will not be resumed till the mill is ready for operations." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 4 1897 p.678)

1897
"One year ago we reported the Last Chance mill remodeled and some new machinery added. It was then known as the North Last Chance, since which time the first word has been dropped and it is now plain Last Chance. On August 13th last the concentrating mill was destroyed by fire, entailing a loss of $15,000. A new mill has risen above the ashes of the one burned, and is about ready to begin concentrating ore. It is provided with crushers, rolls, a Chile mill, Hodge improved jigs and has a capacity of concentrating 100 tons of ore per day. It is propelled by steam power and cost complete $20,000.... The old mill was run sixty days last season before being burned, in which time it milled 3000 tons of ore and shipped 300 tons of concentrates, which samples over 50 per cent lead, 25 ounces silver and $2.50 in gold.... It belongs to an incorporated company and is under the management of J.P. Turner." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1898)

1898
"J.P. Turner, Supt. Last Chance, Bingham, expects to make his initial run within twenty days. Since the wiping out of the old plant by fire, the work underground has gone on. He has 1000 tons in the yards and 3000 tons blocked out below. The ore averages 14 ounces silver, 7-1/2 per cent lead, and gold $1.20 per ton." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 15 1898 p.59)

1898
"Last Chance. -- New concentrator was started this week. Mill will take 100 tons or more per day from the mine, which has about 6,000 tons of ore broken." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 19 1898 p.233)

1898
"Last Chance. -- New concentrator has about passed experimental period, treating 110 tons per day and turning out 60 per cent. lead concentrates. In addition to the Hodge jigs, a special feature of this plant, two Wilfley tables are being put in." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 2 1898 p.413)

1898
"The Last Chance mine is crushing 100 tons daily. Ten tons of concentrates are derived, which yield 66 per cent lead and 45 ounces of silver per ton." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 16 1898 p.424)

1898
"The [Last Chance] mill is turning out the usual supply of concentrates." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 18 1898 p.743)

1898 North Last Chance Mining Co.'s concentrator. Run day and night. New, painted and whitewashed. Rolls, crusher, jigs, 2 con. tables. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, July 1898 #2)

1898
"The Last Chance Co., at Bingham, is said to have closed down." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 20 1898 p.186)

1898
"The mill...was burned in 1897 and partly rebuilt, being finished last spring." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1899)

1899
"Equipment of mine consists of New Concentrating mill of 100 tons capacity per 24 hours. Mill is in perfect condition and entirely modern in construction and design." (Report dated July 17 1899 in E.P. Jennings Papers, University of Utah Library, Special Collections Ms 101 Bx 4 Fd 5 p.5)

1899? "The Last Chance group possesses an important advantage over the other mines in the Bingham canyon. With the exception of the three spring months there is no water to speak of in the Bingham camp save that which comes out of the British tunnel on the Last Chance property. There is a sufficient amount of this water to treat 400 to 500 tons of ore a day. Thus it will readily be seen that the Last Chance is one of the most desirable properties in the Bingham camp. There is a new and finely equipped concentrating mill on the property, with a capacity of 100 tons per day, which can be increased at a comparatively small expense.... Some late assays of the ore taken from the Hooper vein show that it carries from one to 4-1/2 per cent of copper. This is the strongest kind of evidence that beneath the oxidized ore deposits will be found a copper lode as rich as any that has yet been encountered in this wonderfully promising mining district." ("Private Memo", 1899?, in E.P. Jennings Papers, University of Utah Library, Special Collections Ms 101 Bx 4 Fd 5)

1899
"The Last Chance mill, which has been shut down for a year, is to start up. Several thousand tons of ore, containing gold, silver, and lead, is ready for the mill. The plant will handle 100 tons of ore daily." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 2 1899 p.263)

1900
"Charley Hodge, owner of Last Chance mines and mill, is due to arrive here some time in August. It is thought that as a result of his visit active work will be resumed at Last Chance, very likely under bond and lease. Important developments could be made at comparatively small expense." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 21 July p.5)

1900
"John Jimpson, Jr., and Maxfield are delivering a 100-ton lot of Black Dog ore at Cutler's custom mill." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 21 July p.5)

1900
"Before long the wheels of the 100-ton [Last Chance] mill will be turning once more. The mill was built only two years ago, and cost its owner something over $20,000." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 15 Aug p.4)

1900
"A number of changes are reported to be in progress at Bingham, including a rearrangement of jigs, which will render their work more effective. Everything will be ready by Monday to start a regular run on ore of fair grade coming from British tunnel, says Bingham Bulletin. A car load of concentrates made by Superintendent Ed. Cutler and pronounced the best that has yet come from the new mill, were shipped early in the week. Mr. Cutler is one of the most competent mill men in the district, and under his care the plant ought to make a much larger saving than formerly.... Charley Hodge, the genial owner...." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 1 Sep p.8)

1900
"The overhauling at Last Chance mill will be about completed today." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 8 Sep p.6)

1900
"The Last Chance, of Bingham, has resumed the shipment of concentrates." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Sep 15 1900)

1900
"Charles J. Hodge, owner of the Last Chance mine at Bingham, was seen on the streets today...." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 18 Sep p.4)

1900
"Great improvement has been made in running of Last Chance mill. A sample of old tailings assayed 2 per cent lead, 2.5 ounces silver and $2.40 gold, while present tailings show a trace of lead, 1 ounce silver and 70 cents gold.... Present running is ten hours a day, 35 tons." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 29 Sep p.7)

1900
"Improvement is noted at the Last Chance mill. A sample of old tailings assayed 2 percent lead, 2.5 ounces silver and $2.40 gold. Present tailings show a trace of lead, 1 ounce silver and 70 cents gold." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 6 1900 p.408)

1900
"Last Chance mill will start another carload shipment tomorrow. It is still making but one shift a day and turning out about a 30-ton product per week." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 20 Oct p.9)

1900
"The Last Chance mill is turning out about five tons of concentrates daily." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 22 1900 p.600)

1902 North Last Chance Mining Co.'s Concentrator (not running). Mine operates day shift only. Watchman when closed. Water from tunnel. Concentrator painted & white washed. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Dec 1902 #2)

1903
"C.J. Hodge, owner of the Last Chance mine and mill at Bingham, says he has arranged to resume work on the Last Chance next week." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 28 1903 p.205)

1907
"The Last Chance mill of the Nevada Utah Mines & Smelters Corporation at Bingham is in operation again and is turning out about five tons of concentrate. The product contains about 10 percent lead and from 50 to 70 oz. silver. Superintendent Kirk makes the claim that two years' supply of mill ore has been developed in the mine." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 11 1907 p.589)

1907
"The Last Chance mine, at Bingham, Utah, owned by the Nevada-Utah Mines & Smelters Company, has its mill in commission, and is now shipping concentrates to the valley smelters. The concentrates carry values of 10 per cent. lead and from 50 to 70 ounces silver to the ton. It is stated that in the mine two years' supply of mill ore is available." (Salt Lake Mining Review, May 30 1907 p.29)

1907
"Arrangements have been made with the management of the Nevada Utah Mines & Smelters Co. for the use of the Last Chance mill at Bingham [by the newly-formed Bingham Central-Standard Copper Co.] for the treatment of low-grade ore." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 14 1907 p.328)

1907
"The Last Chance mine at Bingham, the property of the Nevada-Utah company, suspended active operations Thursday night.... Those remaining are doing some timbering and otherwise placing the mine in shape for a long siege of inactivity.... Under the superintendency of M.H. Kirk, the Last Chance mine has been placed in fine shape, and a great deal of development work has been done. With a modest sized mill he has been able to make the proposition more than take care of itself, so the orders to close come somewhat in the nature of a surprise, particularly as the chief values in the ore are silver and lead." (Salt Lake Herald Oct 19 1907)

1907
Nevada-Utah Mines & Smelting Corporation's North Last Chance Mine. Runs day & night. Water from mine. Crusher, jigs, 6 tables. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Nov 1907 #7)

1908
"The Last Chance has a mill of 125 tons rated daily capacity, in commission February, 1907, which, a few months later, was producing about 5 tons daily of concentrates averaging circa 10 percent lead and 70 oz. silver per ton. The mill was closed October, 1907. The Last Chance is well located, and is considered promising." (Copper Handbook, 1908 p.1026)

1910
"Morris P. Kirk, who has been superintendent of the Last Chance mine at Bingham, leaves for the Imlay gold mining properties this week. He has been in charge of the Nevada-Utah Mines corporation in Utah and Nevada for several years and is to take charge of the gold-producing properties in Humboldt county, Nevada. This company was forced to discontinue operations a couple of months ago, owing to the inability of the railroad to deliver coal. The company has a mill on the ground which is capable of reducing 300 tons of ore per day. The mill has only been operated at half capacity and a high recovery has been regularly made. The control is held by Salt Lake people and the plan of campaign includes extensive development." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 12 1910 p.269)

1910
"The Last Chance had a mill of 125 tons rated daily capacity in commission in February, 1907, and a few months later was producing about five tons daily of concentrates averaging about 10 percent lead and 70 ounces silver per ton. The mill was closed October, 1907. The Last Chance is well located, and is considered promising." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Oct 30 1910 p.23)

1913
Nevada-Utah Mines & Smelting Corporation's North Last Chance Mine. Not in operation. Care taker lives on premises. Runs day and night. Water from mine. Crusher, jigs, 6 tables. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Sep 1913 #7)

Winamuck Mill = Bingham Mill = Ohio Mill = Winnemucca Mill

Photo of Winamuck mill, Bingham Creek, and D&RG depot in LDS Church Archives, Photo No.1639

1877
"In 1876 the [Winamuck smelter] property was bought by an Amsterdam company. Smelting has never been resumed, though fairly successful attempts were made in 1877 to concentrate the ore by stamps, jigs, and shaking-tables." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.410)

1878
"Leaching, both raw and after a chloridizing-roasting, was tried in 1878 with no success." (Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals, Census Office, 1885, p.410)

1882
"By 1882 four stamp mills had been erected to work the oxidized gold ore, and later cyanide plants." (Wegg Thesis p.322)

1883
"The Wasatch is in the same mineral belt as the Lead mine, east of which it has a stamp mill. The mine is owned by the Winnemuck Mining Company, but was operated during the year under a lease." (Report of the Director of the Mint, 1883 p.635)

1885-89 production records for Winamuck mine are in UCD files.

1876-93 production records for Dixon mine are in UCD files.

1893
"S.B. Milner of Salt Lake owns a mill near the Rio Grande Western depot, which was started as a gold extracting mill, but since changed to a concentrating mill. It was run about four months and then in May closed down until December 20th [1893] during which time it turned out 2760 tons of concentrates. It is run as a custom mill, but the owner mills his ores from the Petro mine, which the past season amounted to about one-third the ores treated. The mill cost originally about $8200, and during the past year about $1000 was spent in putting in new rolls, jigs, a large table, etc. The mill has a capacity of forty tons of crude ore per day, and it is so situated as to have plenty of clean water for dressing ores, and has side-tracks connecting with the railroad." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1894)

1896
"The old mill belonging to S.B. Milner has been purchased and will be moved across the gulch to the Winamuck property. Crushers of the capacity of 200 tons per day will be added and the plant will then be in shape to handle the low-grade product of the [Winamuck] mine." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Feb 25 1896 p.6)

1896
"The building for the [Winamuck] mill is expected to be up within ten days, and there will be little delay in putting in the machinery...." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Mar 19 1896 p.9)

1896
"Some rich ore is this week coming from the Winnamuck incline, which is now down 160 feet. An assay from the bottom Wednesday showed 540 ounces silver, .40 gold and 18-1/2 lead. Another from ten feet above gave 310 ounces silver, .32 gold and 10 per cent lead. The mine is blockaded with milling ore, and a large force is at work on the mill, which is expected to be ready to start up within two weeks." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Apr 16 1896 p.7)

1896
"The new Winnamuck mill at Bingham has been started up, and the owners have an abundance of ore to keep it running at full capacity." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, May 7 1896 p.6)

1896
"With the exception of a few finishing touches the new Winamuck mill is ready to start up, and it is the intention to put it in motion today if possible. By Sunday or Monday it will be in complete running order. In its present capacity it will treat from 50 to 60 tons daily, but with the addition of concentrators, it can at any time be increased to 125 tons' capacity. The ore bin was being filled yesterday, and there are thousands of tons of second-class in and about the old mine awaiting treatment." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, May 7 1896 p.9)

1896
"The new Winnamuck mill at Bingham has been in constant operation since May 10th, and is handling 125 tons of ore per day. Every arrangement has been made for the saving of the slums containing chlorides." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, May 21 1896 p.7)

1896
"About 100 tons of ore are now being treated at the Winnamuck mill daily, and it is beginning to make an impression on the immense amount of second-grade that is piled in the levels, drifts and about the old mine -- some of which was broken years ago. Taken as it comes, it is found to pay a small margin, and will keep the mill busy for a long time. Concentrates are being shipped at the rate of seven to eight carloads per week, and while the machinery is not yet running perfectly, there are few hitches now occurring, and they are becoming less frequent. The Winnamuck mine and mill have, in fact, now fairly entered upon what there is every reason to believe will prove a most prosperous career." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, May 21 1896 p.8)

1897
"Winnamuck. -- The mill is not running for lack of suitable ores. Sinking for 400 level is in progress, and meanwhile the only mining under way is above the 200 level, from which over 300 tons of heavy lead-silver ore were shipped during the first three weeks of August. Superintendent Watson is again in charge." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 28 1897 p.258)

1898
Winnamuck M. and M. Co. Run day and night, jigs, screens and rolls, 2 con. tables. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, July 1898 #1)

1898
"If the tests that are being made for the Winnamuck at Bingham prove satisfactory, a mill will be built on the property next season." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 27 1898 p.210)

1899
"Since D.J. Cook & Co. took the upper workings of the Winnamuck under lease a month ago, the mine has been put in order, aside from handling a large amount of ore.... There are twenty-five tons at the mine awaiting cars. Part is first-class and part was run through a jig at the Winnamuck mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 8 1899 p.380)

1900
"The Old Winnamuck, practically idle for more than a year, it is understood is under bond to James Campbell, and cleaning-up work about the mine has begun preparatory to operation this winter. We understand the mill in connection is also to be overhauled and put in motion, on dump ore and second grade now stowed in drifts or ready for stoping. The mine and mill are to be superintended by J.C. Whiting, the well-known old Colorado miner, whose success with properties with histories similar to that of the Winnamuck is proverbial. He is a thoroughly practical, safe man, and should the old mine begin to smoke again it will be a sure thing there is a fire. It is to be regretted that complications have so long kept this valuable property in idleness." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 Jan 6 p.13)

1900
"Word comes from Bingham that the old Winamuck mine and mill are soon to be started up." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jan 15 1900 p.7)

1900
"The old Winnemuck property...was bought by James Campbell of California.... Mr. Campbell intends to begin at once to re-equip the mill and bring it up to the standard of a modern concentrator, with 150 tons capacity.... He states that he has 100,000 tons of ore on various dumps which will bear concentrating. Mr. Campbell was identified with mining in Bingham Canyon twenty-five years ago." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 24 1900 p.211)

1901
"H.M. Crowther, Supt. of the Tiewaukee-Winnemuck group at Bingham, reports that the Winnemuck mill was started up on the 13th with ore of good quality from the Tiewaukee." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 22 1901 p.288)

1902
Winnamuck M. & M. Co. Run day & night. No watchman. Concentrator labeled "not in operation." Screens and rolls, con. tables. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Dec 1902 #2)

1903
"The newly-organized Ohio Copper Company leased the old Winnemuck concentrating mill (it had been used on lead-silver ores in the 1870's and '80's) in Lower Bingham and attempted to mill the porphyry ore. Numerous problems were encountered, placing a drain on the company's financial resources. In 1906 the company sought outside financial assistance, which resulted in the entry of F. Augustus Heinze of Montana copper fame. The company suffered from the mishandling of Heinze until late 1908, when Heinze was forced by financial reverses to relinquish control of the company." (The Richest Hole on Earth, Arrington & Hansen, p.87)

1903
"The Winnemuck mill at Bingham has been overhauled and its capacity is being increased. It is expected to be ready to run on the Ohio C. Co. ore by Jan 1. It will treat from 125 to 150 tons daily." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 19 1903 p.411)

1904
"The Ohio C. Co. started its mill at Bingham on the 23rd [of January, 1904]. They are sending 150 tons of ore to the mill and about 50 tons of first-class ore to the smelter." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 6 1904 p.103)

1904
"The Winnamuck mill (remodeled) has resumed operations. The Copper Belt railroad extension to its bins was completed last week. The daily capacity is 150 tons...." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 6 1904 p.103)

1904
"The Ohio Copper company's mill is operating on 125 tons...." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jun 15 1904 p.22)

1904
"We would respectfully ask [Ohio Copper] company to cease diverting and using the waters of Bingham Creek flowing down Bingham Canyon, Utah, in your milling and other operations, as [Utah Copper] has heretofore appropriated said waters and such appropriation has been confirmed by the proper authorities. In this connection we would also request you to cease permitting the Tailings from your Mill to flow or be carried into said Bingham Creek and the waters thereof, as they befoul the water and render it unfit for our uses and purposes." (OCC Nov 18 & 23 1904)

1904
"The Ohio Copper Co. has purchased the Winnemuck group of mines at Bingham for $50,000. The property is equipped with a mill which the purchasing company has been operating under lease. This will be enlarged so as to provide for the handling of increased tonnage." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 10 1904 p.401)

1904
"The old Columbia property has been taken as a central group in forming another consolidation known as the Ohio Copper Company. Exploration on an increased scale has resulted in largely increasing the output from this property, which is now treated at the rate of 120 tons a day at the remodeled Winamuck mill. The Erie mine is now included in the holdings of the Ohio Company." (USGS B260 p.240)

1905
"The [Ohio Copper Co.] leased the old Winnemuck mill, remodeled it, and now treats 120 tons of ore per day. In November the Winnemuck mill and mine were purchased by the Ohio company; additional equipment has been added, so that an output of 200 tons per day can be handled. The erection of an entirely new plant is contemplated, with a capacity of 500 tons." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 5 1905 p.25)

1905
"During the month of March the Ohio Copper company sold to the valley smelters eleven carloads of high-grade crude ore, or an aggregate of approximately 500 tons of high grade product." (Salt Lake Herald Apr 2 1905)

1905
"A method for the concentration of the ores without the employment of water, having been tried out at the camp, the management of the [Ohio Copper] company is at present applying the wet process in the Ohio mill at Bingham, and, with this completed, a permanent plant will be decided on." (Salt Lake Tribune Apr 8 1905)

1905
"The plant of the Ohio Copper company is handling 200 tons of ore a day." (Goodwin's Weekly May 27 1905)

1905
"Ohio Mill. -- The mine of the Ohio Copper Co. sends about 175 tons of ore daily to the mill in lower Bingham, the ores being from the copper-bearing porphyry. There is a crusher, three sets of rolls, one chilean mill, four 3-compartment jigs, 16 Wilfley tables, and one Wilfley slimer. The product of the two coarse rolls goes to the jigs, the tailing from the latter passing to high-speed rolls and chilean mill, whose product passes to the tables. The slimer handles the table slime." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 29 1905 p.1261)

1905
"[Ohio Copper has] considered [Utah Copper's] proposition concerning the tailings, and agree that our company should bear its share of the expense incurred by reason of settling the damages sustained.... We do not however consider that we should bear 1/3 of the entire expense. Our mill is only treating approximately 175 tons of ore per day, and therefore 1/3 of the damage done is not by us. The Dewey and [Shawmut] should come in for their share.... Would suggest that we compare the tonnage of the Bingham mills." (OCC Jun 30 1905)

1905
"Ohio Mill. -- The mine of the Ohio Copper Co. sends about 175 tons of ore daily to the mill in lower Bingham, the ores being from the copper-bearing porphyry. There is a crusher, three sets of rolls, one chilian mill, four 3-compartment jigs, 16 Wilfley tables, and one Wilfley slimer. The product of the two coarse rolls goes to the jigs, the tailing from the latter passing to high-speed rolls and chilean mill, whose product passes to the tables. The slimer handles the table slime." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 1 1905)

1905
"The crushers are pounding away on 200 tons of ore daily...which is being converted into concentrate on the basis of about six tons into one; making a 30-per cent copper product with small values in gold and silver added. During the month of June the Ohio company marketed 17 cars of concentrates and two cars of crude ore, making the banner month of its history. The concentrate now being produced runs higher in copper by about 10 per cent than that marketed earlier in the year." (Salt Lake News July 6 1905)

1905
"The Ohio Copper Co. at Bingham broke some records in June. A total of 17 cars of concentrate was produced and marketed; also two cars of crude ore. The grade of concentrate turned out at the mill has improved from 20 to a little better than 30 percent copper, with small values in gold and silver. The mill is reducing 200 tons of ore into concentrate daily on a basis of about 6 into 1." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 22 1905 p.127)

1905
"[Utah Copper's proposition to Ohio Copper] was to take a lease on [Ohio Copper's] tailings for a period of from three to five years, such lease to give [Utah Copper] the exclusive ownership of the tailings after leaving [Ohio Copper's] plant; in consideration for which [Utah Copper was] to agree to empound [the tailings from both plants], thus preventing them from running down Bingham Creek to the valley and cause damage to the farmers or others, and, in fact, guaranteeing [Ohio Copper] against damage from tailings, both in the future and with respect to [Ohio Copper's] past operations during the period of lease, thus obligating [Utah Copper] to pay for damages that had already been sustained, to the extent of a considerable amount of money...." (OCC Aug 17 1905)

1905
"The [Ohio Copper] company is treating 200 tons of rock in the Winnamuck mill and sending out a good tonnage direct to the smelter, from which a nice margin is being realized after all charges have been deducted, including the payroll, treatment of ores and the exploratory work. A great deal of development work has been done underground, which shows the values of the low grade stuff to average between 3 and 4 per cent copper, a much higher return than is obtained from the ground of some of the larger companies that have been developed to a greater depth." (Salt Lake Telegram Nov 16 1905)

1906
"The Ohio mill is handling about 200 tons of ore per day, nearly all of which is mined in development." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 21 1906 p.67)

1907
"Ohio Copper had estimated that the Winnamucca Mill would produce 40,000 more tailings, and so the following agreement was proposed by Utah Copper: "[Utah Copper] will agree to permit [Ohio Copper] to immediately turn your tailings, which are flumed to a point below our Copperton Mill, into the flume we have constructed from our Copperton Mill, to our empounding dam, located approximately two miles below our Mill; provided that [Ohio Copper prepares within 60 days] at some point along the line of our flume, empounding capacity to the full extent of 40,000 tons.... Pending the completion of your empounding station, we will allow your entire output to flow into our empounding station. After the completion of your empounding station, you agree that the entire tonnage of both plants will flow into your empounding station until the full 40,000 tons have been empounded in your empounding dam. After that, the tailings output of both plants will be returned to [Utah Copper's] flume from the above empounding station, until it is shown that you have milled a total of 40,000 tons...." (OCC Apr 2 1907)

1907
Letter from Utah Copper to Ohio Copper: "Please advise me what steps you are going to take towards preparing an impounding dam near the Lead Mill, as agreed, so that we may impound there a tonnage of our tailings equal to that being turned into our tailing pond by the Ohio Copper Company...[using] our tailing ditch and flume.... I suggest that before you spend any money on tailings ditches and flumes, that you advise me how much your company would be willing to pay in money, in preference to preparing an impounding place near the Lead Mill." (OCC Jun 25 1907)

1907
Ute Copper Co. Winnamuck Mill. Runs day & night. City water. Rear damaged by fire. Jigs, concentration tables. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Nov 1907 #3)

1907
"In view of the fact that the Ohio Copper Company ran its tailings in the creek until April, 1907, and the further fact that the big deposit of Utah Copper and Ohio Copper tailings in the Jordan River, at the mouth of Bingham Creek, were sluiced out during the winter of 1906-07, we should make a settlement of this claim for 1907 on the best terms possible...." (OCC Dec 10 1907)

1908
"The machinery for the Ohio Copper Co.'s 200-ton milling plant is being received, 25 carloads being at Bingham Junction. Construction will commence soon." (Mining Science, Apr 2 1908 p.355)

1908
"Announcement was recently made that the Ohio Copper Co. is to resume operations within a short time and complete its milling plant." (Mining Science, May 14 1908 p.479)

1908
"The Ohio Copper property...had no dump room, for the surface of the property is cut up by county-road and railroad right-of-ways to such an extent that there was no dump area available after the ore bins and the few other buildings were provided for. Consequently all the waste from the property had to be mixed with the ore and hauled to the old Winnemuck mill, which the company had leased for the purpose of carrying on experiments to determine just what could be done with its low-grade quartzite.... The Winnemuck mill had a capacity of about 150 tons a day, so only that much low-grade ore could be treated, but in order to help pay expenses, considerable of the high-grade ore from the small veins was also mined...." (Mines and Methods Dec 1909 p.142)

1909
Utah Copper to Ohio Copper: "I hand you herewith statement of our account against the Ohio Copper Company for cost of empounding the tailings made by your Company at the old Winnemuck Mill, as per my agreement with Mr. Swindler some time ago, and your proportion of the payments made in settlement of tailings damage cases, in accordance with agreements made with your Company...." (OCC Jun 16 1909)

1909
Utah Copper to Ohio Copper: "According to the statements furnished by your Company, you ran through the old mill, during the time we were taking care of your tailings, a total of 26,810 tons. Previous to that time your Company had milled a very considerable tonnage in the aggregate, as I understand it. It is true that our mill has been running much longer than yours, and handling a much larger tonnage, but only a small portion of the tailings of our mill were turned into the creek, as we have impounded them all for more than four years past." (OCC Aug 16 1909)

1911
"The old Winnemucca mill in Bingham canyon has been leased to Werner Ziegler, who intends operating it on custom ore. The mill has equipment for 150 tons capacity, and the plan is to concentrate low-grade lead-silver and copper ores." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 21 1911 p.155)

1911
"Werner Ziegler, who recently secured a lease on the old Winnamuck milling plant of the Ute Copper company of Bingham, placed the plant in commission yesterday morning for the first time since he operated the mill in testing out the Ohio Copper ores several years ago. The resumption of operations at this mill gives to many Bingham companies an opportunity of disposing of a considerable tonnage of copper, silver and lead ores whose low metallic contents prevent direct consignment to the smelters. Mr. Ziegler has several contracts which assure him an ample tonnage for keeping the mill busy." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jan 30 1911 p.39)

1911
"In the Ohio mill, Bingham district, a new type of crushing equipment, designed by E.A. Wall, is being installed." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 11 1911 p.251)

1911
"Werner Ziegler, having a lease on the old Winnemucca mill in Bingham canyon, has the plant in successful operation on custom copper ores, consisting mostly of low-grade stuff from various mine dumps." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 25 1911 p.313)

1911
"Experiments on concentrating the low-grade copper ore [from the Yampa mine] will be made at the Winnemucca mill in Bingham." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 1 1911 p.23)

1912
"Kirk & Leavell, of Salt Lake City, have taken a lease on that part of the Utah-Apex mine, Bingham district, above the 400-ft. level, which they will operate through the Phoenix and Andy adits. The ores carry lead, silver, gold, and copper, the first two and the last two named metals being in separate veins. Their low-grade ore is to be concentrated at the Winnemucca mill, operated by W. Ziegler." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 20 1912 p.156)

1912
"The Montana Bingham is shipping about 200 tons of ore per week, three-fourths of which is concentrated at the Winnemucca mill, and the force will shortly be increased. M.T. Miller is superintendent." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 23 1912 p.677)

1912
"Ceased operations in 1912" (JSD)

1913
Ute Copper Co. Winnamuck Mill. Runs day. Water from creek. Jigs, 23 concentrator tables. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Sep 1913 #2)

"300 tons per day" (JSD)

1913
"Burned June 1919" (note on D&RGW highline map)

1917
"Referring to Winamuck Mill, all the Tables that had any value, have been sold and taken out of the Mill, and what is left is junk, and the Mill Building has no value, as the roof is corrugated iron and is corroded so that it is no shelter whatever, and the timbers are more than 20 years old and rotten and in bad condition." (Return for Assessment 1917)

1918
"The [Ute Copper Company] Concentrating Mill has been dismantled and all machinery, etc. which was in the Mill, has been removed and sold, so that nothing remains of the Mill except the frame. The corrugated iron roof is so corroded and rotted that it offers no shelter whatever, and the timbers remaining are rotted and in bad condition. The same is true of the Transformer House and Water Tank." (Return for Assessment 1918)

1925
"Property of the Ute Copper Co., situated at Bingham, Utah, comprising 140 acres, has been acquired by the Bingham Mines Co. The Winnamack [sic], one of the group, is one of the oldest locations in the state. As early as 1872 this claim was worked by Messrs. Bristol and Dagget, who erected a large Piltz pattern furnace. Since that time the property has been worked intermittently, and has produced a fair tonnage of ore. It was later acquired by the Ute Copper Co., controlled by Thomas Weir and associates, from whom the purchase was made. Plans of the Bingham Mines Co. are to develop the property actively." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 18 1925 p.101)

Highland Boy Mill = Utah Consolidated Mill

Map on D&RGW claims map

Photos of exterior and interior of mill in Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 4 1897 p.665

Detailed article on mine and mill in Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 4 1897 p.665-667

Photos of the interior of the cyanide mill are found in USGS PP111 p.264

1895
"Stewart Mining Company. -- The bond on the Stewart group at Bingham, which has been held by a party of Colorado capitalists, expired on December 31st. The failure of the sale, it is reported, is not unsatisfactory to the local people on account of the favorable character of recent developments. It is reported that a mill will be erected on the Highland Boy, one of the properties in the group." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 12 1895 p.39)

1896
"Bingham Gold Mines. -- Samuel Newhouse, managing director for the United States Exploration Company, of England, has purchased the Highland Boy, Henry M., and other gold-bearing claims.... The ore is blocked out in a vast zone and shows an average value of $10 gold and $1.50 silver. A mill of 200 tons capacity is designed. A tunnel tapping the ore bodies will be made to connect the plant that is to be ultimately operated with electrical power." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 17 1896 p.374)

1896
"Work on the erection of the mill on the Highland Boy group has been delayed by the sudden advent of winter, and Manager Weir announces its postponement until spring." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Dec 10 1896 p.8)

1897
"Highland Boy Mining Company. -- A mill of 250 tons' capacity is to be erected at this company's property at Bingham, the contract having just been given to the Mine and Smelter Supply Company of Denver. It is expected to have it in operation early next summer." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 13 1897 p.171)

1897
"Material is now being delivered for a 200-ton combination mill and cyanide plant to reduce the ores." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 24 1897 p.410)

1897
"From the mouth of No.5 tunnel the grading is finished for a tramway around the brow of the hill to convey the ore to the top of the mill, now being built, to be completed in August. Mill will be 100-ton daily capacity at the outstart -- not equipped with stamps as several accounts have erroneously stated. The ore will be crushed to 8-mesh; fines to contain the so-called coarse gold -- relatively coarse -- to be treated in pans, etc., and what passes over screens will be cyanided in the customary way. The mill will be as automatic as the best skill can make it and there is every reason to predict that results equal to those on Mercur ore, or better, will be realized.... At 400 ft. from mouth of No.5 tunnel a body of partly decomposed iron-sulphides 45 ft. thick, carrying $3 gold, 2-1/2 oz. silver and 6 percent copper, was cut -- the first uncovering of rebellious mineral in the property, though a parallel body has been opened in extending the old workings, as Mr. Weir predicted a year ago. This affords an excellent concentrating proposition, about two tons into one, adding greatly to the value of the mine. These sulphides were not found till two days after the mill contract was signed, but a concentrating annex will make its appearance in the near future." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 22 1897 p.523)

1897
"The [Highland Boy] mill will be completed ready for its initial run by August 15th." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 3 1897 p.19)

1897
"No.5 tunnel, in 680 ft., for 85 ft. crosses the Mammoth auriferous copper sulphide zone. Dip of vein 35°, and as the tunnel crosses at an angle the ore body is found to be fully 50 ft. thick. This immense pyritic mass is all workable mineral, containing seams 1 to 3 ft. of 15 to 30 percent copper and $8 to $14 gold, while the entire body averages above 5 percent copper, $3 gold. The combination pan-cyaniding mill now rapidly nearing completion is not to win values from this mineral but for large bodies of oxidized material exposed in the upper workings. If all moves as favorably as at present the initial test will be in a month. Beyond any question this is the best and most complete mill ever erected in Bingham." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 24 1897 p.109)

1897
"Contractor Dederichs expects to turn the mill over to the company between Aug 12th and 15th. After that it will require 10 or 12 days to get the machinery in working trim, so it can be anticipated the mill will be treating ore in about a month." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 7 1897 p.168)

1897
"Highland Boy. -- The mill will be ready about September 1st. This plant is for the treatment of the oxidized gold-silver ore in the upper workings, and will not deal with the copper-gold ore exposed in Nos. 4 and 5 levels." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 28 1897 p.258)

1897
"Highland Boy. -- The machinery was put in motion on Thursday and everything worked admirably." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 11 1897 p.318)

1897
"Highland Boy. -- Last week the mill crushed 200 tons, and this week 50 tons per diem were put through. By October 1st 100 tons a day will be treated. At the mine everything continues favorable." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sept 18 1897 p.349)

1897
"Highland Boy. -- The mill's experimental career is at an end. It is an unequivocal success, achieving all that was anticipated, which is saying a great deal. To reach this end only a very few minor changes were necessary and now that the men are broken in so that each plays his allotted part, without prompting or delays, excellent results are to be counted on for the November run." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 13 1897 p.589)

1897
"A partial gathering of cyanides was made some weeks ago, but the first complete clear-up since the mill started is just made. The cyanides were shipped to the Consolidated Kansas City Smelting and Refining Company. While nothing is given out for publication, it is reported the returns are entirely satisfactory. The mill is handling 90 tons per diem of $7 to $9 gold ore." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 20 1897 p.619)

1897
"At present the mill is handling 90 tons a day." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 4 1897 p.666)

1897
"Last week the second consignment of cyanides, 1,200 lbs., was forwarded to the Consolidated Kansas City Smelting and Refining Company's sampler at Salt Lake." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 18 1897 p.739)

1897
"The mill was started about September 10th, having been constructed since the middle of May, when the graders began preparing for its erection. The mill is rated at 125 tons capacity and will probably be worked beyond that amount. It is operated under the superintendency of A.J. Bettles.... The property belongs to a London corporation, with Samuel Newhouse president and Thomas Weir general manager." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1898)

1897
"In 1897 the Highland Boy Mining Company was absorbed by the Utah Consolidated Mining Company, Limited, a British corporation, which bought a controlling interest. More elaborate production facilities were introduced, the cyanide mill was abandoned, and an aerial tramway constructed from the mine to a railway terminal." (Addy thesis p.43)

1898
"The capacity of the [Highland Boy] mill is fifty tons of oxidized ore, while forty tons of copper ore are daily sent to a smelter. The mill has a leaching capacity of 500 tons, divided into ten tanks of fifty tons each. There are two crushers, with two driers of seventy-five tons each.... The Highland Boy mine, at Bingham, is turning out regular shipments of crude copper ore, in addition to eighty tons that are being furnished to the mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 5 1898 p.163)

1898
"[Highland Boy] Company is refining its cyanide product on the ground, and shipped some refined bullion in January." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 5 1898 p.173)

1898
"At the Highland Boy, at Bingham, in February, 1500 tons of crude ore were put through the mill, while 950 tons went upon the market." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 12 1898 p.290)

1898
"[Highland Boy] Mill is treating about 80 tons per day from gold belt. Management is contemplating the erection of a furnace for treatment of copper ores." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 16 1898 p.473)

1898
"Highland Boy. -- President Newhouse has announced his decision to build a copper smelter in the valley, near Murray. Work will be under way next month, and the plant, with connecting railroad, will be completed by November. Meanwhile the mine force is reduced to 60 men on exploration; no shipments are to be made; the mill will close so soon as the ore in the bins is treated, as this oxidized silicious produce hereafter will be utilized for flux." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 28 1898 p.653)

1898
"Highland Boy. -- The mill will close on June 11th. Nothing is known as to the lower terminus of the proposed railroad, the survey for which is now being made...." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 11 1898 p.712)

1898
"Highland Boy Gold Mining Co. Good water supply from springs and creek to tank house. Run day and night. Building new and substantial. Rotary driers, crushers, amalgamating pans, settlers, ore tanks, zinc room. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, July 1898 #4)

1898
"This mill has a capacity of 125 tons per day.... During the running of this mill [it closed down July 1898] it crushed and treated 20,000 tons of ore, of which about 15,000 tons was in 1898 up to July, when the mill was closed down...." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1899)

1898
"The Highland Boy is the leading producer. This property is equipped with a cyanide mill of 125 tons capacity.... The cyanide mill was in operation during the first half of the year, when it was closed down, and the ores have since been held in reserve in anticipation of the completion of a smelting plant [south of Salt Lake City]." (Report of the Director of the Mint, 1899 p.137)

1899
"A one-third interest in the Highland Boy mine at Bingham is reported sold to the Standard Oil Co. for $4,000,000." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 25 1899 p.213)

1902
Highland boy Gold Mining Co. "Warerho. Formerly Boiler Ho. of old Concentrator." (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Dec 1902 #4)

"With a view to making a higher saving of the gold, a dry-crushing mill and cyanide plant were erected on the Highland Boy mine, but the operations were unsatisfactory because of the large amount of copper in the ore." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 24 1909 p.129)

"A cyanide mill was built at the Highland Boy mine in 1895-96 for gold reduction. This gold mine was operated by Samuel Newhouse as promoter and Thomas Weir as manager. The mill ran for several months but the low grade copper base ores that everyone knew were present and which had largely been ignored in the initial experimental work began to be a real nuisance, confounding the cyanide process and making gold recovery more expensive." (Carr, Ghost Towns of Utah)

"No large [copper] shipments were made until December 1896, when 5000 tons of sulphide ore was shipped from the Highland Boy mine. It is worthy of note that the original Highland Boy company was started as a gold-mining venture by Samuel Newhouse, as promoter, and Thomas Weir, as manager. These two had so little idea of developing a copper mine that they built a cyanide mill to extract the gold in the oxidized ore. This mill ran for several months, but it was not a success, largely because the copper, of which they had failed to take note in their experimental work, interfered with the recovery and caused an abnormal consumption of cyanide. After this mill proved a failure and the company's affairs reached a critical stage, Mr. Newhouse, it is said, went to Denver in order to raise money to meet his delinquent payrolls, and while there he received a telegram from Mr. Weir informing him that ore containing 15 percent copper had been struck in the lower adit. This saved the day. Another story asserts that in the course of exploratory work in the zone of oxidation a winze penetrated sulphide ore. This so alarmed the management that the winze was covered. Later, failing to develop a successful gold mine and the price of copper making it attractive, the winze was reopened and a discovery of copper sulphide was announced. (Rickard, p.16)

Bingham-New Haven Mill = Utah Metals Mill = Metals Mill

Photos (c.1909) in Julihn pages 1 and 3

Photos (c.1915) in First Annual Report of the Utah Metal and Tunnel Company, Dec 31 1915, at UHS

Flow Sheet in Julihn p.65

Production summary to Dec 1 1909 in Julihn p.66

1906
"A Salt Lake firm, the General Engineering Company, has been making some tests of the [Bingham & New Haven] ore to arrive at the best method for the treatment of the extensive bodies of low-grade ore which the property contains. C.H. Doolittle, of Salt Lake, is manager of the Bingham-New Haven Company." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 20 1906 p.751)

1906
"The [Bingham & New Haven] company is having some concentration tests conducted with the view of building a mill in the near future." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 3 1906 p.842)

1907
"The Directors...agreed to postpone the consideration of moving the tramway, or constructing or leasing a mill until further developments in the mine should show sufficient ore to warrant same." (Bingham-New Haven Minutes Oct 8 1907)

1909
"The Bingham Central Mining Company, of which Samuel Newhouse is president, and the Bingham Standard Copper Company, both having mines in Bingham Canyon, have filed amendments to their articles of incorporation, this action being taken to enable a merger of the two companies into the Bingham Metal Mining Company. The details of the consolidation are to be announced in July." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 10 1909 p.94)

1909
"An agreement has been reached by which the Bingham Metals and the Bingham Central Standard companies are to be merged. The holding company is to be known as the Utah Metals Mining Co. Transfer offices will be maintained in ...[Salt Lake] city and in Boston. Bingham Metals will get share for share in the transfer of stock for the new shares, and the Bingham Central Standard will be transferred at the rate of three shares of old for one of new stock. The two companies will own a combined estate of more than 4000 acres of patented ground.... A mill will be built, and the Bingham Metals tunnel, now penetrating the mountain 3000 ft., will be continued to the Central Standard ore zone, which it will cut at a depth of 2300 ft." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 24 1909 p.112)

1909
"A corporation to be known as the Utah Metals Mining company...is to be organized under the laws of Maine, to absorb the Bingham Metal company and the Bingham Central-Standard company...." (Salt Lake Mining Review, July 30 1909 p.23)

1909
"The mill has been built and is proving a success.... While the mill is running nicely and treating about 80 tons per day it can, with a small expenditure be increased to 100 tons and the same labor to do the work, hence reduce the cost of milling. A change in our jig system and a larger pump for backwater will accomplish this result.... The mill is running partly on ore from the mine and partly from the old dump. The dump still contains about 850 tons concentrating ore.... The future disposal of the tailings is the only one which menaces us, but a concerted action of the mill operators will ultimately be brought about to overcome this trouble." (Bingham-New Haven Manager's Report Aug 31 1909)

1909
"The Bingham & New Haven Mining Co. has its new mill in operation, handling 80 to 100 tons of ore per day. The ore is a sulphide of iron, copper, and lead, accompanied by some gold and silver; the gangue consists of silica and limestone. The mill is equipped with a Blake crusher, two sets of rolls, trommels, jigs; two pulsator jigs, Callow screens, and tanks; a Huntington mill for re-grinding the jig middlings; five Wilfley tables and three Diester slime tables. By a system of classifying and concentrating they obtain a lead and iron concentrate, an iron and copper product, a lead and iron middling. F.M. Wichman, mill superintendent, states that the ratio of concentration is 3 to 1. H.J. Turley is general superintendent." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 23 1909 p.548)

1909
"Under advice of our Manager, a one-hundred-ton mill was constructed at a first cost of $26,600." (Bingham-New Haven Copper and Gold Mining Company, Annual Report 1911 p.5)

1909
"In the latter part of 1909, the Company having completed the erection of a concentrator of 75 to 100 tons capacity, shipped 2,000 tons of lead concentrates and over 4,000 tons of copper ore and copper concentrates mixed." (Julihn p.22)

1909
"The Bingham-New Haven mill of 100 tons capacity was started..." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 8 1910 p.89)

1910
"Bingham-New Haven -- from 70 to 80 tons of ore are being milled per 24 hours. H.G. Turley is superintendent." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 5 1910 p.339)

1910
"Bingham-New Haven -- The new mill is said to be making about 80 to 90 tons of concentrates per day. About 200 tons of ore are being mined daily, and shipments of 150 tons, including concentrates, are reported." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 9 1910 p.794)

1910
"Bingham-New Haven -- This company has closed its mill for repairs. The jigs will be replaced by tables and vanners." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 7 1910 p.986)

1910
"At the Bingham and New Haven mine, situated a little farther up Carr Fork from the Highland Boy...the ore contains copper, gold, and silver. H.J. Turley, superintendent, states that it will assay 4 percent copper, and contains enough gold and silver to pay treatment charges at the smelting plants. The concentrating mill is undergoing some repairs and it is said the jigs will be discarded.... The management of the property devolves upon C.H. Doolittle, of Salt Lake." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 7 1910 p.656)

1910
"The known mineral bearing portion of [Utah Metal Mining Co.] land is situated South and Southeast of the Bingham & New Haven ground, and includes the Bingham Central and Bingham Central Standard groups. These groups contain some copper deposits in limestone contacts near the Northern end of the claims, and silver-lead ore in fissures in the porphyry that underlies the southern surface of these groups." (E.P. Jennings Papers, University of Utah Library, Special Collections Ms 101 Bx 4 Fd 1 Sep 7 1910 p.1)

1910
"The [Bingham-New Haven] mill is handling from 75 to 100 tons of ore daily, and is reported to be giving better satisfaction since the jigs were removed and the treatment of the ore simplified. The ore is passed through two sets of screens, classified, and then sent to Wilfley tables." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 8 1910 p.737)

1910
"The [Bingham-New Haven] mill was closed about the first of October.... The finding of a new body of better grade ore...is said to be responsible for the discontinuance of mill operations...." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 29 1910 p.881)

1910
"The 100-ton mill, completed, 1909 was closed, May, 1910, and treatment simplified." (Copper Handbook, 1911 p.423)

1911
"The company is mining between 100 and 150 tons of lead-copper ore per day." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 22 1911 p.184)

1911
"We find ourselves in a finely equipped condition and several ore bodies from which we are making daily extraction of 250 to 300 tons.... The mill has been handling ninety tons a day with fair saving and we hope soon to see its capacity up to one hundred tons daily." (Annual Report of the Bingham-New Haven Co. 1911 p.11)

1910
"The [Utah Metal] property includes a millsite in Middle Canyon, near the mouth of No.1 tunnel, about 4 miles from the International smelter. Enough water has been developed for a 500-ton mill, while further water supply can be obtained from springs on the opposite side of Middle Canyon, and it is planned to pipe water through the tunnel, and down Carr Fork Canyon, to Bingham Canyon, where water is needed." (Copper Handbook, 1911 p.1760)

1911
"A report recently issued shows that during 1911, 85,426 tons of ore were shipped.... During [1911] the ore averaged 4.65 percent." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 3 1912 p.287)

1912
"Daily shipments of 200 tons are being made, with an additional 100 tons treated in the mill. The ore is said to carry about 3 percent copper, with about $5 per ton in gold and silver." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Mar 30 1912 p.669)

1912
"It is stated that the Bingham-New Haven Mining company, of Bingham, Utah, has contracted its ores and concentrates to the International smelter at Tooele, Utah, and that the mine and mill product of the company will be transported to the smelter over the aerial tramway of the Utah Consolidated company." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Aug 15 1912 p.34)

1912
"The Bingham[-New Haven] company is erecting six more vanners in its mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 31 1912 p.288)

1912
"The Utah Metal Mining Co. has not resumed operations since the strike [which began in September], but the announcement is made that it will start soon...." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 7 1912 p.738)

1913
"An addition was made to the mill and six Isbell Vanners installed. Various changes were also made in the mill proper and from the previous year's record of 90 tons a day it now easily handles 125 tons and the cost of treatment greatly reduced (March, 1913, record, 72.1¢ per ton milled). The saving having been better and the recoveries over this period show: Gold, 86.68 percent; Silver, 78.16 percent; Lead, 96.20 percent; Copper, 74.60 percent; Iron, 78.33 percent." (Bingham-New Haven Minutes of Stock-Holder's Meeting, May 6 1913)

1913 Bingham-New Haven Copper and Gold Mining Co. Run day and night. Crusher, 11 concentrating tables, 6 vanners. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Sep 1913 #7)

1913
"The 80-ton mill was remodeled, 1912, and Isbell vanners installed." (Copper Handbook, 1914 p.119?)

1914
"All the copper-ore is shipped crude, by means of the Utah Consolidated wire-rope tramway, to the International smeltery at Tooele. Of the lead-ore, part is shipped crude, in the same manner, and part is milled in the New Haven's own plant, and only the concentrate shipped. During the year [1913] this mill has treated [43,000 tons of lead bearing ore]." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jan 15 1914 p.5)

1914
"The present mill grade production is about 100 tons a day of crude ore." (SL Herald-Republican Apr 14 1914)

1914
"About 100 tons of ore daily are being treated at mill, and from 75 to 100 tons of crude ore shipped." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 30 1914 p.1126)

1914
"The Bingham & New Haven, at Bingham, C.H. Doolittle, manager, will continue mining operations regardless of the metal market. New flumes have been constructed for the purpose of disposing of mill tailings." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Aug 30 1914 p.33)

1914
"The Bingham-New Haven is again operating with regular forces, and is mining chiefly lead and gold. The mill is treating about 100 tons of lead ore per day, and shipments of 100 to 150 tons of first class are being made daily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 19 1914 p.547)

1915
"Of the lead ore, part is shipped crude, and part is milled in the New Haven's own plant, only the concentrates being shipped. The year's tonnage [1914] of ore milled was 38,917, concentrates from which came to 15,141 tons." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jan 15 1915 p.66)

1915
"Three samples of the ore ran as high as 39.4 per cent lead, 12.34 ounces silver, 1.4 per cent copper and .31 ounces gold to the ton. Average of the three assays showed .26 ounces gold, 10 ounces silver, 31 per cent lead and 1.4 per cent copper." (Salt Lake Mining Review, May 15 1915 p.23)

1915
"Relative to the taking over and merging of the Bingham & New Haven into the Utah Metal & Tunnel company.... The Utah Metal will at once begin shipping at the rate of 110 tons daily, and the New Haven will continue its output of 200 to 260 tons a day of crude and mill product." (SL Herald-Republican Dec 2 1915)

1915
"During 1915 the Utah Metal & Tunnel Co. in seven months, and its Bingham-New Haven mine in twelve months, produced a total of 16,914 oz. gold, 475,894 oz. silver, 9,860,089 lb. lead, and 2,873,815 lb. copper...." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 18 1916 p.424)

1915
"The Utah Metal & Tunnel Company...is now shipping about 360 tons daily. The ore carries about $20 gold, and runs as high as 5 per cent copper and nine ounces silver." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Dec 30 1915 p.30)

1915
"Bingham-New Haven produced 704,155 lbs. of lead and 348,096 lbs. of copper [during 1915]." (First Annual Report of the Utah Metal and Tunnel Company, Dec 31 1915, at UHS)

1915
"The ore and concentrate from the Bingham-New Haven mine property are shipped to the International smelter over the Highland Boy mine aerial tramway. About 225 tons per day of Bingham-New Haven ore is concentrated in its mill, making 90 tons of concentrate assaying about 12 per cent of lead, 3.87 ounces of silver, 27 per cent of iron, 0.8 per cent of copper, and 0.23 ounce of gold per ton. In addition, about 100 tons of crude copper ore are sent over the tramway daily to the smelter. The mill is equipped with crusher, rolls, trommels, jigs, classifiers, tube mill, table, and slimers, making several grades of jig, table, and vanner products. As an auxiliary to this mill, the installation of a flotation plant to re-treat the slimes from the gravity concentrating mill in a separate building is planned in 1916." (Mineral Resources of the United States1915 p.413)

1915
"[Utah Metal & Tunnel] now has...a mill handling 225 tons ore daily...." (Copper Handbook, 1916, p.1184)

1915
"Equipment: includes...175-ton mill, equipped with jigs, Wilfley and Deister tables, vanners and ball mill for fine grinding.... Daily output of ore, 300 tons at present, will be increased and a flotation plant will be built." (Copper Handbook, 1916 p.221)

1916
"Arrangements have...been made for milling the concentrating ore of the Utah Metal Company at the Bingham New Haven mill, which will be an advantage to both Companies, and postpone, for the present, the cost of erecting any mill for the Utah Metal Company. The ore so far extracted from Utah Metal ground is a sulphide containing gold, silver, lead and copper and phenomenally rich in gold values which have continued to the present depth.... Since acquiring control of the Bingham New Haven Company, prompt action has been taken to push output of that Company and add to its milling capacity. The effect of this was clearly shown in December [1915] the last month of the year and the first full month under co-operation. It is planned to continue these efforts and install a flotation process in the New Haven mill at the earliest practicable moment." (First Annual Report of the Utah Metal and Tunnel Company, Dec 31 1915, at UHS)

1916
"All of the copper ore is shipped crude, by means of the Utah Consolidated wire-rope tramway, to the Tooele smelter. Of the lead ore, part is shipped crude, and part is milled in the New Haven's own plant; only the concentrate from this being shipped." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jan 15 1916 p.61)

1916
"The [Utah Metals] mill is treating 140 tons a day. Earnings in December [1915] were $50,000." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 15 1916 p.104)

1916
"Practically all ore from Utah Metal ground has been shipping ore, the small amount of concentrating ore being handled at the Bingham-New Haven mill." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Mar 15 1916 p.38)

1916
"The Utah Metal & Tunnel Company, under the management of C.H. Doolittle, which is the largest lead producer in the Bingham, Utah, district, is now producing the metal at the rate of 700,000 pounds a month. It is expected that the total for the year will reach 10,000,000 pounds." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Mar 15 1916 p.39)

1916
"The Utah-Metals, now earning nearly $200,000 per month, may add a flotation department to its mill, which has a capacity of 225 tons per day. A dividend is expected in July, making the company the second new dividend-payer in the district this year." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 3 1916 p.826)

1916
"The Utah Metals & Tunnel Co.'s mill is treating 225 tons of ore daily. Monthly profits are over $100,000. A flotation plant may be added. Mine development continues good." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 3 1916 p.839)

1916
"Mill capacity increased from 125 to over 225 tons." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 1 1916 p.74)

1916
"At the Utah Metal & Tunnel Co.'s property...the company's profit during the first half of 1916 was over $600,000 copper. Ore is being milled and shipped to smelters, while lead ore is also shipped." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 15 1916 p.105)

1916
"In the first ten days of June the Bingham-New Haven property produced 1,255 tons of milling ore, 105 tons of lead and 322 tons of copper smelting ore." (Salt Lake Mining Review, July 15 1916 p.30)

1916
"Utah Metal department produced 746 tons of milling ore and 218 tons of copper ore, which was shipped direct to the smelter. The company's mill during this period treated over 2,000 tons of ore and produced about 900 tons of concentrates." (Salt Lake Mining Review, July 15 1916 p.30)

1916
"Production from Bingham-New Haven workings, first 10 days of June, amounted to 1,255 tons of milling ore, 105 tons of lead and 332 tons of copper ore, which was shipped. The Utah Metal workings produced 746 tons of milling ore and 218 tons of copper shipping ore. Seven sets of lessees operating in old upper workings." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 29 1916 p.243)

1916
"Mill recently enlarged to treat 240 tons; flotation installed at a cost of $18,000." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 19 1916 p.366)

1916
"The capacity of the [Utah Metal & Tunnel Co.] mill is at present 225 tons. It is announced that the flotation process will be completed and in operation immediately following Sept. 20 and should result in saving not less than $6,000 per month." (Mining and Engineering World Sept 30 1916 p.60)

1916
"[The Utah Metal] orebodies have been largely mined out, but the management has now undertaken a very comprehensive development program, and in addition has recently doubled the capacity of the mill, which is now treating 225 to 250 tons of ore per day." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Oct 15 1916 p.39)

1916
"The [Utah Metal] flotation plant started in October to treat tailing and low-grade copper-iron ore. Another crusher and ball-mill will add to the daily capacity 75 tons, making a total of 300 tons. The copper and lead has been sold for delivery during the first half of 1917." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 16 1916 p.889)

1916
"Mill being increased from 225 tons daily to 300 tons. Expected to be ready by Feb. 1. New 100-ton flotation plant -- built to treat tailings from other mill -- operating, and treating 60 tons daily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 16 1916 p.1079)

1916
"The flotation plant at the Utah Metal company's mill is to be enlarged, giving a daily capacity of 300 tons, an increase of 75 tons." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 23 1916 p.925)

1916
"The company has ordered grinding machinery which is to be used in the further treatment of a great tonnage of lowgrade ore which has been treated in a coarse state. The tailings and middlings are to be reground and then treated by flotation. The machinery is to be delivered by the first of the year, and should be installed by February 1st. It is expected that the new equipment will increase the present tonnage of 225 tons a day to 300, and the income from the mill by about $25,000 a month." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Dec 30 1916 p.24)

1916
"Capacity of mill being brought up from 225 tons daily to 300 tons. Low-grade ore at present treated in coarse state, to be reground and treated by flotation. Earnings from mill expected to be increased $25,000 monthly. Company report for nine months' operation -- ended Oct. 1, 1916 -- of Utah Metal and Bingham-New Haven ground shows 69,364 tons of ore and concentrates net weight to have been shipped, which sold for $1,262,752." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 30 1916 p.1154)

1916
"Utah Metal and Tunnel, Bingham, Utah, increased mill capacity to 300 tons; built 100-ton floatation mill to treat tailings from other mill at cost of $18,000." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 6 1917 p.40)

1916
"The Utah Metal and Tunnel Co. enlarged the capacity of its mill to 300 tons and built a 100-ton flotation plant to treat tailings." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 13 1917 p.101)

1917
"The company has been increasing the capacity of its milling plant, and the future for the enterprise is most satisfactory." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jan 15 1917 p.22)

1917
"We have developed a large amount of mill ore which, with the completion of the regrinding process in connection with the flotation mill, we shall be able to handle to the present capacity of the mill. This grade of ore will be increased and adds materially to our reserves. Of this grade we now have nearly two years' supply.... During the past year we have completed and paid for a flotation mill, and are adding a ball mill and grinder so that we can treat large quantities of low grade iron copper ore profitably. Heretofore this grade of ore has been left in the mine because there were no facilities for treating it. We are now enabled to take out all ore found without making selection." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Apr 15 1917 p.36)

1917
"Additional machinery is now being installed at the mill of the company, which will bring its capacity to 300 tons a day. The management reports a number of new ore bodies in both the Utah Metal and Bingham New Haven portions of the ground. Total shipments of ore and concentrates were 60,364 tons, of a gross value of $1,262,752.09, showing average mining costs of $2.42 per ton, and milling costs of $1.01 per ton." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jan 30 1917 p.18)

1917
"W.E.L. Dilloway of Boston, director of the Utah Metal & Tunnel Company, has announced that his company may construct a new milling plant, to be located in Middle Fork, only a few miles from the International smelter at Tooele, Utah. This would give the company a mill at each end of the 11,500-foot tunnel connecting Bingham with the Tooele side of the mountain." (Salt Lake Mining Review, July 15 1917 p.37)

1917
"The company's engineers estimate that the property now has developed a sufficient supply of low grade to keep its mill running for three years, and that the reserves are increasing so rapidly that it may be necessary to increase the milling capacity." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Oct 30 1917 p.41)

1917
"Mill increased to 450 tons. Highgrade and milling ores stated to be increasing." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 3 1917 p.816)

1917
"As is generally known the Utah Metals Co. operates at Bingham, where it controls nearly 4000 acres of valuable ore-bearing ground. In the year ended December 31, 1916, the company produced 6,301,670 lb. of lead, 1,761,520 lb. of copper, 388,757 oz. of silver, and 17,934 oz. of gold, from which it earned a net profit of $528,737. Its possessions include the ground formerly owned by the Bingham-New Haven Copper & Gold Mining Co., equipped with a concentrating plant, and it has several large orebodies which are said to warrant a heavy production for years to come." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 24 1917 p.773)

1917
"Mining and shipping lead ores discontinued because of present price; confining work to copper ore; new body estimated to carry 3 percent copper opened on 950-ft. level. With present milling capacity, production should be about 500,000 lb. of copper monthly. Mill at present treating about 300 tons daily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 30 1917 p.1146)

1917
"Eastern advices state that the Utah Metals & Tunnel Company plans to curtail the production of lead at its property, at Bingham, and will devote its attention to the production of copper. A new ore body has been opened on the 950 level which is said to carry 3 per cent copper, and the story says that with its present milling capacity the company should be able to produce 500,000 pounds of the red metal monthly. John F. Banchelle is manager at the mine." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Dec 30 1917 p.40)

1917
"Production [for 1917] was: 5,348,610 lb. lead; 659,127 lb. copper; 242,003 oz. silver and 4612 oz. gold. During 1917, 15632 ft. of development was done, capacity of the mill was doubled and new machinery installed." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 15 1918 p.1110)

1917
"The surface plant including the mill has been greatly improved. When I took charge [on March 1, 1917] I found that the flotation plant was operating at a great loss and was about half completed. To put this plant on a profit earning basis, cost considerable money. We redesigned that part of the mill containing the Callow Cells, using the five old cells and adding five extra cells. This necessitated buying a large blower. In addition, the entire electrical equipment in the flotation mill was overhauled and the loads distributed more evenly, whereby one thirty horse power motor was dispensed with. The condition of the concentrating mill was such that about five extra men were required to operate it. It was felt advisable to immediately make certain changes which would not only improve the savings, but also eliminate these extra men. These changes were made, and also an addition was built which doubled the capacity of the mill.... [Concentrate Mill: ] During 1916, 60,660 tons of ore were treated at a cost of $1.02-1/2 per ton. During 1917 64,649 tons of ore were treated at a cost of $0.77 per ton. To present this in another way, we milled 4,000 tons more at a reduction in expense of $12,484 in spite of increased cost of supplies and labor.... [Flotation Mill: ] The flotation mill commenced operations in November 1916 and ran very indifferently until the changes heretofore noted were completed. Regrinding commenced the last week in June. The feed tonnage during 1916 can only be approximated as no records were kept of the feed during the former management. With the figures available, the feed tonnage treated in 1916 was 2,800 tons at cost of $1.90 per ton. The feed tonnage treated in 1917 was 37,816 tons at a cost of $0.62-1/2 per ton." (John F. Bouchelle, Operation Report of the Utah Metal & Tunnel Company from February 1, 1917 to January 1, 1918, UCD Geology files)

1917
"[Bingham-New Haven] Equipment: includes...175-ton mill, equipped with jigs, Wilfley and Deister tables, vanners and ball mill for fine grinding." (Copper Handbook, 1918 p.1385)

1917
"By [Utah Metal] purchasing control of the Bingham-New Haven company, the two properties can be developed together, each mining its own ground from tunnel on the other's claims. It also gives the Utah Metal much needed tramway facilities saving 60c. per ton on ore shipments, and the use of the B.-N. H. mill.... Equipment: includes a 400-ton mill using the Callow system of flotation, enlarged 50 percent Oct., 1917. In July, it was stated that a new mill might be erected at the other end of the tunnel, near the International smelter. [Lists 1915-1916 metal production]...." (Copper Handbook, 1918 p.1384)

1918
"Utah Metals & Tunnel Co. has suspended ore shipments until lead prices improve. All properties of this company are opening well." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 16 1918 p.388)

1918
"In the Utah Metal and Bingham-New Haven ground large tonnages of low-grade lead ore has been developed. The mill has now 300 tons capacity." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 8 1918 p.801)

1918
"Capacity of the mill was doubled during the year with new machinery installed.... The 1917 production was 5,348,610 pounds of lead, 659,127 pounds of copper, 242,003 ounces of silver and 4,612 ounces of gold." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jun 15 1918 p.38)

1919
"Utah Metal & Tunnel Company's mine and mill are in such shape that production can be commenced almost immediately. Probably the first operation will be started in the western part of the mine.... In addition, mining also will be begun in other territory where the mining rights of the Utah Metal Company have been conceded. This is a silver-lead country carrying high values in gold and silver." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Aug 30 1919 p.34)

1919
"During 1919 the Utah Metal & Tunnel Co., of Bingham Canyon, produced 1,176,063 lb. lead; 74,115 lb. copper; 70,750 lb. zinc; 32,696 oz. silver; and 29 oz. gold [reported to the State Board of Equalization]." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 14 1920 p.468)

1919
"Equipment: includes a 300-ton mill using the Callow system of flotation." (Copper Handbook, 1920 p.1434)

1921
"The Utah Metal has stopped work." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 16 1921 p.685)

1921
"[Utah Metal] Equipment: includes a 450-ton mill using the Callow system of flotation." (Copper Handbook, 1922 p.1609)

1921
"[Bingham-New Haven] Equipment: includes...450-ton mill, equipped with jigs, Wilfley and Deister tables, vanners and ball mill for fine grinding." (Copper Handbook, 1922 p.1609)

1922
"Utah Metals Company is preparing to join the general mining resumption here, says a recent Bingham dispatch. A force of men are at work in the mine cleaning up, power has been connected up and mine operations will soon be underway. Improved price of lead makes it possible for the company to operate." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Aug 15 1922 p.24)

1922 [Bingham-New Haven Mill: ...equipped with Davis crusher, 2 Colo. rolls, Denver ball mill, 2 screens, 16 Hartz jigs, 2 Wilfley and 9 Deister tables, Oliver filter, hydraulic classifier.... Mill capacity 425 tons per day, but operated 100 tons per day, 1922." (Copper Handbook, 1924 p.1779)

1923
"[Mining] operations limited 1922-23 while mill was remodelled.... [Utah Metal] Equipment includes a 450-ton mill using the Callow system of flotation." (Copper Handbook, 1924 p.1779)

1924
"The Utah Metal and Tunnel Company, which has been closed down for two years, except for a few leasers, will resume development work at once. This mine was formerly a large producer of lead ore and with the present price of lead can no doubt be operated at a profit. The pumps were started on the 15th [of March] and the lower levels will be put in condition for development at once." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Mar 30 1924 p.24)

1925
"Utah Metal and Tunnel Company: ... The ores produced are copper, lead, and lead-zinc, all having comparatively high values in gold and silver. The low-grade ores were formerly concentrated in the company's milling plant, but at present are sent to the International Smelter at Tooele, as are the crude ores." (AIME Guidebook, 1925, in Wilbur Smith Papers, University of Utah Library, Special Collections Ms 563 Box 9)

1925
"[Utah Metal] mill was not operating during 1925." (Copper Handbook, 1926 p.1551)

1930
"Mill:.... Has been idle in recent years. [Table listing metals production 1915-1929]" (Copper Handbook, 1931 p.1916)

1936
"Mill: the former 450-ton flotation plant has not been used for several years." (Copper Handbook, 1937 p.984)

Markham = Markham Gulch = Little Chief = Red Wing = Butler-Liberal Mill

Photo of mill is in Salt Lake Mining Review, Nov 15 1899 p.8

Maps, indentures, property descriptions, titles, legal papers, deeds, etc. in Chicago Mines Box, "P"

1893
"Markham Mill. -- Preparations are being made to begin operations at the new mill. The first run will be made on ore from the Leona mine." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 30 1893 p.353)

1893
"Last summer the Markham mill was erected in Main Bingham canyon, opposite Markham gulch, by Arna Higdon and Otto Stein, at a cost of about $9000. It is equipped with Wall rolls, revolving screens and jigs, and has a capacity of handling fifty to sixty tons of crude ore per day. This mill was not ready over for operation until October 1st, since which time it has handled 2000 tons of ore and turned out its full quota of good concentrates. It is run as a custom mill and ought to do well." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1894)

1894
"Because of the low price of silver this mill was idle except for two months. Its capacity is about forty tons per day. Its work has been so far largely experimental and on small lots of ore. It has saved 85 per cent of lead in base ores and 82 per cent out of carbonates. One lot of copper ore was worked up to 95 per cent, but there being no market for copper ore or concentrates here this concentration of copper ores has been abandoned, and now it is proposed to add an addition to the mill for working the cyanide process on gold ores and have it ready by spring. The mill when operating employs six men. It is located opposite Markham gulch in Bingham." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1895)

1896
"Markham. -- The mill is about to start up again on Northern Light ores. The mine has 150 tons of ore in the bins and will be operated to keep the mill running on 50 tons of ore per day. According to the Bingham Bulletin, it is now in good shape for production." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 9 1896 p.454, Inter-Mountain Mining Review, May 7 1896 p.9)

1895
"In the early part of 1895 this mill run for a short time, reducing a few hundred tons of ore, and then lay idle until about ten days ago. In the meantime it passed into the management of Fitzsimmons & McEarline, who remodeled it, and now have a capacity for fifty tons of base ore per day. It is a concentrating mill, with rock-breaker, screens and jigs, operated by steam power, and is in Main Bingham, just opposite Markham gulch. The owners having the Northern Light mine, have given their company the name of Northern Light Mining and Milling company, and the ore so far crushed came from their mine, some 500 tons." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1896)

1895
"In 1895...a test was made [by Hartwig A. Cohen] on 76 tons of ore in a small stamp-mill, called the Markham, in the lower part of the town of Bingham. This ore came from the Mackintosh tunnel, then about 300 ft. long, and from two other similar prospecting drifts. The test yielded a concentrate containing 28 to 33 percent copper, on an ore assaying 2 percent, the recovery being 60 to 62 percent. (Rickard p.18)

1895
"[Hartwig A.] Cohen's report...was based on an estimate of probable ore amounting to 15,000,000 tons, averaging 2.22 per cent copper; and on a test run of 68 tons of ore made in the Little Chief mill at Bingham. R.C. Gemmell, mine engineer for De Lamar at Mercur, did the actual sampling; and D.C. Jackling, who was in charge of the mill and cyanide plant at Mercur, conducted the testing and assaying." (Parsons, The Porphyry Coppers, p.52)

1896
"The Markham mill is running nicely this week, and chewing up about forty-five tons of Northern Light ore per day." (Inter-Mountain Mining Review, Jan 14 1896 p.8)

1897
"Exploration during the winter on Northern Light north and south vein cut an east and west contact of pyritic mineral, 4 to 14 ft. thick, designated as the Grizzly vein, as it conforms to the ground of that claim, that carries $3.50 to $14 gold and 4 to 16 oz. silver. It is proposed to rejuvenate the old Markham mill for a concentrating campaign before summer is far advanced." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 22 1897 p.523)

1897
"Giant Chief. -- The Markham mill is secured by the company, and is being put in condition to treat second-class ore, of which the mine can furnish a generous supply." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 11 1897 p.709)

1897
"[The Giant Chief mine] has much milling ore and the old Markham mill has been overhauled and put in good shape for concentrating this ore. The mill has been provided with a new crusher, rolls etc. and is much improved from what it formerly was when operated." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1898)

1898
"Markham Mill Company. -- Management is remodeling the mill, used chiefly as a custom plant; has taken out the crusher and substituted a battery of 10 stamps. Wilfley tables are to be added. The property is in Bingham." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 5 1898 p.173)

1898
"The erection of a custom mill in Bingham nearly opposite Markham gulch is an important new feature for the camp.... This mill was started in July and operated about 130 days during the year, in which time it crushed about 5000 tons of ore of one and reduced it into from two to two and a half tons into one ton of concentrates. It is operated by a 50-horse-power engine and has a capacity of 150 tons each twenty-four hours, but so far has been run only one shift per day." (Salt Lake Tribune, Jan 1, 1899)

1898
"The second lot of concentrates from the Red Wing, at Bingham, has reached the sampler. The Red Wing is one of the new properties added to Bingham's producers during the year." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 12 1898 p.290)

1898
"Mackintosh Group. -- A test run is in progress at Giant Chief mill on what heretofore was looked upon as sterile country rock. It is said to carry copper, and Manager Cohen of the De La Mar interests expects to achieve a marketable concentrate of this silicious porphyry. There is a vast supply and the undertaking is watched with keen interest." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 18 1898 p.743)

1898
"A.J. Bettles is having a test run made at the Markham mill on 100 tons of ore from the Copper Center and Jubilee tunnels. It is liable to lead to important developments in connection with properties of Boston Con. Co." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 17 1898 p.287)

1898
"Shipments from Bingham last week were 1000 tons, besides 160 tons treated at the Markham mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 15 1898 p.383)

1898
"The Red Wing of Bingham sold a lot of ore showing 122 ounces silver, 14.5 per cent lead, 5.3 per cent copper and $3.40 in gold per ton. The shipment netted the company over $100 per ton." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 29 1898 p.431)

1898
Run about 2/3 of time. 10 stamps, con. table, screen, pump, jigs, water from tunnel and creek. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, July 1898 #1)

1898
"From the Red Wing at Bingham another high-grade ore shipment has been made and two carloads of concentrates have been delivered. The shipment from the Red Wing showed 118 ounces silver, 18 per cent lead and 5.6 per cent copper." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 3 1898 p.559)

1899
Butler Mining and Milling Company articles of incorporation Jan 18 1899 (Chicago Mines Box, "G")

1899
"The Red Wing of Bingham shipped recently two carloads of concentrates and a consignment of crude ore. The latter yielded 4 per cent copper, 48 per cent lead, 20 ounces silver and $1 gold." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 21 1899 p.69)

1899
"The Red Wing of Bingham last week made a shipment of forty-five tons of concentrates. The previous consignment netted the company over $25 per ton." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 4 1899 p.129)

1899
"...most of the rock [from the Red Wing Mine] being a concentrating product, of which four and a half tons can be reduced into one at the mill in Bingham Canyon at the mouth of Markham gulch, the resulting concentrates being valued at $20 a ton after smelting charges have been paid...cutting through the ore bodies there are streaks of shipping ore containing metallic values of 60 per cent lead, from 40 to 50 ounces in silver and $5 in gold to the ton besides a fair percentage in copper.... This mill, which is presided over by Superintendent Henry Kemper, had only a daily capacity of forty tons before its recent purchase by the Red Wing company. Within the past month, however, this capacity has been increased to 100 tons daily by the addition of a crusher and new rolls, the equipment of the plant also including two Wilfly tables and four jigs, the crusher and rolls being of sufficient capacity to handle from 240 to 360 tons of crude material every twenty-four hours, it being only necessary to add more jigs and tables to enable the works, as a whole, to treat this amount every day, which will soon be done.... Since actual work was inaugurated by the company [in 1897] 150 tons of crude ore from the mine has been marketed, and settlements have been received for 560 tons of concentrates, nearly every consignment showing an excess of iron, the metal contents of the ore and concentrates, as shown by the books of the company, being 55,090 pounds of copper, 454,436 pounds of lead, 8,106 ounces of silver and thirty ounces gold." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Nov 15 1899 p.5,8)

1900
"The Red Wing of Bingham marketed a car of concentrates today." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 1 Jan p.9)

1900
"Starting Monday the Red Wing mill Wednesday night had knocked out a carload of concentrates and was then obliged to shut down for want of coal. Something nearing a coal famine is prevailing, and unless supplies are forthcoming within a day or two some of the mines will have to suspend operations. It will be a serious matter if the Dalton & Lark, West Mountain placer and others having much water to contend with are included." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 6 Jan p.13)

1900
"A car of Red Wing concentrates was on the market today." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 9 Jan p.5)

1900
"The Red Wing mill is grinding steadily and piling up another shipment of concentrates." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 13 Jan p.20)

1900
"Shipments this week include...Red Wing concentrates, 3 cars." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 20 Jan p.42)

1900
"A car of Red Wing concentrates reached town today from Bingham." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 20 Jan p.42)

1900
"A car of Red Wing concentrates reached the side tracks at the sampler today from Bingham." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 23 Jan p.15)

1900
"A car of Red Wing concentrates was sold today." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 25 Jan p.30)

1900
"Two cars of Red Wing concentrates have been shipped this week. The mill is said to be running very smoothly." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 30 Jan p.18)

1900
"From sixty to sixty-five tons of ore are treated daily." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jan 30 1900 p.9)

1900
"Red Wing shipped four cars of concentrates this week." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 12 Feb p.8)

1900
"A car of Red Wing concentrates was on the market today." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 17 Feb p.8)

1900
"The Red Wing Co. owns a concentration mill several hundred feet from the mine, which is running on Red Wing ores at the rate of sixty tons per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 24 1900 p.210)

1900
"The lack of a competent superintendent over this Bingham property has been keenly felt by the management and as a result it is stated that ore was broken down rather recklessly and the forces at the mine and mill were somewhat at variance, through no one person being present to oversee the operations of both mill and mine. And it is said that the force employed at the property was larger than was really necessary. This has now been remedied by the appointment of D.P. Rohlfing to the management of the property. Mr. Rohlfing is a mining engineer of considerable experience and he expects to push development work on an economical basis. The mill has not yet been started up but the stockholders are said to be greatly encouraged at the present prospect of their getting out of the woods." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 5 Mar p.6)

1900
"Manager D.H. Rohlfing of the Red Wing mine at Bingham reports that property looking well. The mill will be started up next week and some shipments of high grade ore will shortly be made." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 23 Mar p.5)

1900
"Red Wing mill, after repairing, made another start Wednesday. Fred Gillett is the new engineer." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 31 Mar p.4)

1900
"A car of concentrates was on the market today from the Red Wing of Bingham." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 16 May p.5)

1900
"Two cars of Red Wing concentrates were on the market today from that Bingham property." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 30 July p.4)

1900
"A car of concentrates from the Red Wing mine at Bingham was sold on yesterday's market on controls showing 50.3 per cent lead, 11.9 ounces silver and 60 cents in gold per ton. This is the best car of concentrates that has been marketed from this property.... Each shipment shows an excess of iron over silica and also a little over 1 per cent in copper." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 31 July p.4)

1900
"At the face there are now four feet of handsome milling ore. Only the best of it, product of good-sized streaks of galena, is saved at present, but a chute to deliver in Freeman is shortly to be constructed, and then the stuff will be sent to mill as it comes out. Mr. McCarrick is highly pleased, and says it now seems beyond question that the Red Wing Extension is a mine in embryo." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 4 Aug p.8)

1900
"From September 1st Red Wing mill be operated as a custom concentrator by George Forrester, who will sample, assay and buy ores in connection. The plant meantime will be overhauled and put in first-class condition. Mr Forrester is the expert who last year made elaborate tests at Markham (now Red Wing) mill on Boston Consolidated ore, and afterwards on mineralized porphyry from Wall-De Lamar property." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 25 Aug p.7)

1900
"A car of Montezuma concentrates from Red Wing mill, also two cars of Montezuma crude lead ore, were shipped Tuesday." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 1 Sep p.8)

1900
"George Forrester has put in a big week's work overhauling and repairing his Red Wing custom mill and expects to have it ready for business early next week. There are 400 tons awaiting treatment, and other orders ahead." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 8 Sep p.6)

1900
"A car of concentrates from the Red Wing, of Bingham, was on the market today." (Journal History of the [LDS] Church, LDS Church Historian's Office, 1900 21 Sep p.3)

1901
"W.C. Orem of the Red Wing M. Co. of Bingham has bought the Eda claim of N.G. Jarrard and J. Lancina for $4000. It is understood that it was bought for the Red Wing Co." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 25 1901 p.245)

1901
Incorporation of Ben Butler No.3 Mining Company, May 28 1901 (Chicago Mines Box, "D")

1903
Consolidation of Ben Butler Mining and Milling Company with the Chicago and Bingham Mining Company May 8 1903 (Chicago Mines Box, "J")

1903
Articles of Incorporation for Butler-Liberal Consolidated Mining Company, Sep 15 1903 (Chicago Mines Box, "F")

1903
Deed conveying properties of the Red Wing Gold Mining Company, including the Markham Mill, to the New Red Wing Mining Company, dated 27 Nov 1903 (Chicago Mines Box, "J")

1905
"The name of the Red Wing Extension Co. at Bingham has been changed to Massasoit." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 20 1905 p.327)

1906
"The Markham Gulch Milling Co. has been organized by E.R. Hastings, J.W. Horne, and A.J. Orem, of Boston. Ground has been broken for a concentrating mill to have the capacity for treatment of 200 tons of ore daily from the Utah-Apex and Utah Development companies' mines, both of which are practically under the same control and management. The first-named company has been sending ore to a custom mill for treatment and last week marketed concentrate which netted $40 per ton." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 20 1906 p.465)

1906
"The Markham Gulch Milling Co., recently organized, has the excavations for its Bingham mill nearly completed. This plant will treat ore from the Utah Apex and Utah Development mines." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 27 1906 p.496)

1906
"The Markham Gulch Milling Co. has let the last contract for material and equipment, and the plant to be erected in lower Bingham will supply a place for the treatment of 200 tons of ore daily from the Utah Apex and Utah Development mines, at Bingham." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 3 1906 p.526)

1906
"The Markham Gulch Milling Company has been organized and ground has been broken for the construction of a concentrating mill in Bingham which is to have capacity for treatment of 200 tons of ore per day from the Utah Apex and Utah Development companies' mines." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 3 1906 p.842)

1906
"The strike at the Phoenix is showing up well, there being now six feet of rich peacock ore in the tunnel running high in lead and silver, and containing a good percentage of copper. The sixty-ton concentrator for handling the second-class ore is well under way. A blacksmith shop is also being built." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Nov 15 1906 p.39)

1906
"The Utah Development Co., owner of the New Red Wing mine, also at Bingham, is forwarding ore to a custom mill in camp, pending the construction of the plant of the Markham Gulch Milling Co." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 24 1906 p.614)

1906
"The construction of the mill of the Markham Gulch Milling Co., in lower Bingham, which is owned jointly by the Utah Apex and Utah Development companies, is progressing, and an official of the company states that the plant will be ready within 90 days. The Utah Development Co. is shipping ore to a custom mill in the camp at the rate of 1,000 tons per month." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 1 1906 p.647)

1907
"The interests controlling the Apex and Utah Development companies have organized the Markham Gulch Milling Co., which is now erecting a concentrating mill at the lower end of the camp." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 5 1907 p.7)

1907
"The foundation for the new mill of the Markham Gulch Milling Co., at Bingham, is ready; it is expected that the plant will be completed early in the spring." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 19 1907 p.75)

1907
"A copy of the articles of incorporation of the Markham Gulch Milling Co. has been filed with the Secretary of State. Walter C. Orem is the local manager. The company is now erecting a concentrating mill at Bingham; Boston capital is interested in the enterprise." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 26 1907 p.106)

1907
"Construction work on the plant of the Markham Gulch Milling Co.,...at Bingham, is progressing; but delay has been experienced on account of the delay in delivery of material." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 2 1907 p.266)

1907
"Rapid progress is being made with the construction of the concentrating mill of the Markham Gulch Milling Co., which is owned jointly by the Utah Apex and New Red Wing companies. The building is enclosed and the installation of equipment is in progress." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 16 1907 p.331)

1907
"The new mill of the Markham Gulch Milling Co. is nearing completion. It will be in operation by May 1 and will treat ores of the Utah Apex and Utah Development mines." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 20 1907 p.486)

1907
"The completion of the Markham Gulch Mill within the next few weeks will provide facilities for the treatment of the low-grade ores of the property." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 27 1907 p.527)

1907
"The completion of the Markham Gulch mill in Bingham Canyon is scheduled for about the 15th inst. While the plant is practically ready now, it will take two weeks more to finish the pipe-line through which it will be supplied with water. The mill is owned jointly by the Utah Apex and the Utah Development companies." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 11 1907 p.589)

1907
"About 100 tons of high-grade and 300 tons of mill ore are being mined daily. The Markham Gulch mill, owned jointly by the Utah Apex and Utah Development companies, will be in commission within a week." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 25 1907 p.1024)

1907
"The Utah Apex Mining Co. has begun moving low-grade ore to the Markham Gulch mill at Bingham. The Apex company, according to a statement made recently by the management, has about 6,000 tons of such ore in storage and on the dumps." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 25 1907 p.648)

1907
"Utah Apex -- A statement from the management indicates that this company has 6000 tons of low-grade ore in storage and on the dumps, which it has been necessary to remove from the mine to get at that of shipping grade. The completion of the Markham Gulch mill in the camp has given the company facilities of its own for ore treatment. Markham Gulch Mill -- This plant, owned jointly by the Utah Apex and Utah Development companies, will be in operation soon." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 1 1907 p.1068)

1907
"The Markham Gulch Milling Co. has its new Bingham concentrator in successful operation; the first run being made on a 6,000-ton lot of ore from the Utah Apex mine." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 8 1907 p.713)

1907
"The Utah Apex mine...is doing well...200 tons [per day] of low-grade ore are being mined for treatment in the Markham Gulch mill. With the showing that the mine has in low-grade ore, the mill could be kept going at double its present capacity indefinitely." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 15 1907 p.?)

1907
"The Markham Gulch mill, in Bingham, is in regular commission, and is treating about 200 tons of ore daily from the Utah Apex mine." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 15 1907 p.1163)

1907
"The [Utah-Apex] company is at present shipping an average of eight to ten cars a month which nets from $30 to $40 per ton, or about $12,000. The starting up of the Markham Gulch mill, which will handle the second class ores will more than double the earnings and help swell the treasury and more than justify the statement of Manager Orem, that it will not be necessary to draw on Boston for any more Apex funds.... It is officially stated that there is at present 6,000 tons of milling ore in the bins and stopes and enough in sight to supply the mill for some time to come. All the bins and some parts of the mine are blocked up with second class ore taken out in the course of development and at present in the way. When this ore can be sent to the mill it will relieve matters so that work can be prosecuted to greater advantage." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jun 15 1907 p.30)

1907
"The Markham mine started to work on Wednesday chewing up about 200 tons of ore a day. This will make about 100 tons of concentrates, as the ore that goes through the mill carries copper as the first class ore, the difference being that the shipping ore carries a high percentage of iron, while the milling ore carries about the same amount of silica." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jun 15 1907 p.38)

1907
"Markham Gulch Mill -- This Bingham plant is giving good satisfaction and is still running ore from the Utah Apex mine. Utah Apex -- Physical conditions at this property are better than they have ever been. The management has made the statement that a mill of 400 tons daily capacity could be kept running indefinitely on low-grade ore developed in the mine." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 22 1907 p.1215)

1907
"The Utah-Apex, operating at Bingham, Utah, is now treating 200 tons of ore daily at its Markham Gulch mill, and it is stated that there is a probability that the company will extend its aerial tramway from the mine to the mill." (Salt Lake Mining Review, July 30 1907 p.37)

1907
"The Markham Gulch mill was kept running up to capacity on low-grade ore from this [the Utah-Apex] property." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 7 1907 p.297)

1907
"The Markham Gulch Milling Co. has completed a successful run on ore from the New Red Wing mine in Bingham." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 5 1907 p.424)

1907
"The Utah Apex mine is operating with the usual force and is sending ore to the Markham Gulch mill for treatment. The new manager, R.S. Oliver, who was promoted from the position of superintendent, has taken charge, relieving Walter C. Orem, who resigned to give his attention to the operation of the Nevada Douglas Copper Co.'s property at Yerington, Nevada." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 12 1907 p.454)

1907
"Utah Apex -- The usual ore production is being maintained from this Bingham mine. The Markham Gulch mill is being used to treat a large tonnage of low-grade ore." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 19 1907 p.757)

1907 Markham Gulch Mining Co.'s Mill. Water from mine. Crusher, 9 tables. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Nov 1907 #4)

1907
"The Markham Gulch mill has shut down for a short time to permit of some necessary structural changes. There has been no cessation of work at the Utah Apex, although for a time attention will be given to developments." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Nov 15 1907 p.25)

1907
"Markham Gulch Mining Co...property is a 200-ton concentrator, on the site of the old Red Wing mill, which was running on ore from the New Red Wing mine, at last accounts." (Copper Handbook, 1908 p.914)

1907
"[Utah Apex] owns a 50 percent interest in the Markham Gulch Mining & Milling Co., which has a 150-ton mill.... First class [Utah Apex] lead ores carry 35 to 50 percent lead, with gold and silver values, and second class lead ores range 7 to 14 percent in lead tenor, with small gold and silver values.... A 3,000' Bleichert aërial tram runs from the portal of the Andy tunnel to a loading station, whence ore is hauled by team to the Markham mill, circa 1-1/2 miles distant." (Copper Handbook, 1908 p.1373)

1908
"The Markham Gulch Mill, one-half of which is owned by [Utah-Apex] company, has not proved entirely satisfactory, owing principally to its location. A reasonable offer to purchase our half has been made by other interests and is now being considered. In view of the large lead ore bodies recently opened up, our manager has strongly advised us to consider the building of a 500-ton concentrator to handle the large quantities of high grade milling ore which are now awaiting shipment." (Utah-Apex Annual Report for 1908 in E.P. Jennings Papers, University of Utah Library, Special Collections Ms 101 Bx 4 Fd 7)

1909
Butler Mining & Milling Company was disincorporated on Mar 20 1909 (Chicago Mines Box, "F", "G")

1909
Ben Butler No.3 Mining Company disincorporated Mar 20 1909 (Chicago Mines Box, "D")

1909
Butler-Liberal Consolidated Mining and Milling Company disincorporated Mar 20 1909 (Chicago Mines Box, "G")

1909
"A deal is on foot at Bingham whereby the Butler Liberal, Utah Apex [Utah Apex was not bought -- see Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 27 1909 p.438], and the Red Wing properties are to consolidate and be called the Utah Northern. It is said that there are English and Scotch capitalists behind this consolidation." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 13 1909 p.371)

1909
"There has been a consolidation of the holdings of the Butler-Liberal, Butler M. & M. C., Ben Butler No.3, Utah Development Co., Hooghly, and Vespasian, aggregating 275 acres on Markham canyon, in Bingham district, by the North Utah Mining Co., of which W.D. Bohm, of Salt Lake, is manager.... A big tonnage of milling ore has been opened, but is not blocked out. The capital employed in this enterprise is all British. This consolidation does not include the Utah-Apex group, as was previously published." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 27 1909 p.438)

1909 New Red Wing Mining Company was dissolved Aug 7 1909 (Chicago Mines Box, "A")

1909
"The mine at Bingham made for the year ended Aug. 20, a mining profit of $124,185 despite the waste due to treating its second-class ore in the old mill now being remodeled. The annual report shows that 33,407 tons of ore were mined, of which 9525 tons were first-class ore and 23,872 milling ore." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 23 1909 p.849)

1909
"The 200-ton concentrator has been started satisfactorily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 11 1909 p.1196)

1909
"It has seemed expedient to your Directors to purchase control of the adjoining Phoenix property, which purchase was consummated in December, 1908. The Markham Gulch Mill, which we spoke of in our last Annual Report, has been sold during the year." (Utah-Apex Annual Report for 1909 in E.P. Jennings Papers, University of Utah Library, Special Collections Ms 101 Bx 4 Fd 5)

1909
"[The Utah-Apex's (?)] Markham concentration mill was closed and sold to a company treating the ores of the Red Wing, Butler-Liberal, and several other mines consolidated under the name of the North-Utah Mining Company." (Mineral Resources of the United States1909 p.478)

1909
"For a time the [Utah Apex] company operated the Markham Mill in conjunction with the Utah Development Company. However, in 1909 this mill was sold and the construction of another exclusively owned by the Apex Company begun." (Addy thesis p.57)

1910
"The North Utah M. Co. is preparing to operate the Redwing mill, situated at the mouth of Markham gulch, Bingham district, as a custom plant. It will be in charge of H.F. Widdicombe, and a beginning is to be made on lead ore from the Yampa mine. The plant has been partly reconstructed and newly equipped, and has the capacity of 200 tons per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 31 1910 p.886)

1911
Markham mill sold at public auction to Isaac W. Dyer for $335.95 Apr 25 1911 (Chicago Mines Box, "E")

1913
Markham Gulch Mining Co.'s Mill. 9 tables, crusher, no watchman. Water from mine. Not in operation since Sept. 1911. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Sep 1913 #4)

1913
"Markham Gulch Mining & Milling...Company owns no mines but has a 200-ton concentrator, on the site of the old Red Wing mill." (Copper Handbook, 1914 p.557)

1914
"Massasoit has an old mill down in the gulch just above the D&RG depot...." Needs taxes paid, new roof, etc. (V.A. Hart letter, Aug 19 1914, UCD Geology Vault)

1916
Markham mill was sold by Markham Gulch Mining and Milling Co. to Bingham Coalition Mines Co. 29 May 1916, together with rights for pipelines and flumes, property, etc. (Chicago Mines Box, "J", "E")

1916
Massasoit Mining Company sells properties to Bingham Coalition Mines Company, May 29 1916 (Chicago Mines Box, "E")

1916
"This mill is controlled by [Bingham Coalition Mines Company]. It consists briefly of a jaw crusher, elevator, storage bin, two sets of rolls, screens, jigs and James tables with a Huntington mill for recrushing. The concentrates shipped were very low in insoluble matter which is very creditable. This condition, however, usually goes with large losses in the tailings. There is no way to determine this at the present time." (Packard June 1 1916)

1916
"The Bingham Coalition Mines Co., a new Boston concern, represented by G.A. Packard, has taken over the Utah Development, Massasoit, and Butler Liberal claims, also the Markham mill. The properties are fairly well equipped and developed. Lessees have made good profits in the past." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 12 1916 p.254)

1917
"The mill has been put in shape for operation at a cost of $2324. It is now operating eight hours and treating about 50 tons per day. Its operation has been quite intermittent on account of the washed out road...." (Packard ?)

1917
"The ore from different parts of the mine differs in character. That from the 90 level in the Julian fissure is clean and easily separated and the saving is close to 80 percent. The ore from the Julian bed is more complex, with the minerals finely disseminated and apparently a saving of only about 60 percent is being made." (Packard, June 13,1917)

1918
"Negotiations in progress for [Montana Bingham] leasing idle mills owned by Bingham Coalition Mines at portal of [Montana Bingham] tunnel, capacity also 150 tons daily [same as Montana Bingham mill]. This to be altered. Formerly used as lead plant to treat copper ores." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 4 1918 p.856)

1918
"The Bingham Coalition Mines Co.'s 150-ton mill is to be leased and improved [by the Montana-Bingham Consolidated Mining Company]. With the two mills [the other one is the Fortuna] a profit of $18,000 monthly is calculated upon." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 8 1918 p.802)

1929 [Markham Mill site] Vac. & Dilap. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, May 1929 #5)

1936
"The old Red Wing Mill stood just above the school and was there long after it ceased to operate. After it was dismantled in the early 1930's, the Bingham Grocery Number 2 or Chipian's was built on Main Street there and the rest of the property became part of the school's playground." (Dunn, Bingham Canyon p.13)

Phoenix Mill

c.1910 photo in Smith Wilbur Smith's scrapbook: "Bingham Canyon Story"

Photos available in Smith's "Bingham" file, c.1912 and c.1915.

Construction of mill may be shown in photos of Phoenix Mine stages I & II, Smith Wilbur Smith's scrapbook: "Bingham Canyon Story"

1905
"Phoenix Mining Co.... Employs 50 men. Equipment includes an electric air compressor. In July, 1905, was shipping circa 60 tons of milling ore daily, in addition to producing a little smelting ore." (Copper Handbook, 1906 p.815)

1907
"[At the Phoenix mine] the mill is turning out about 25 tons of concentrate daily, while the shipments of crude ore amount to about 25 tons. It is the intent of the management to increase the mill capacity." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 2 1907)

1907
"The [Phoenix] company contemplates the erection of a new mill this year." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Mar 30 1907 p.640)

1907
"The Phoenix Mining company continues to turn out the usual amount of concentrates from the mill, while the developments underground are very satisfactory. The last body of ore encountered on the tunnel level appears to be one of the largest in the mine and the Phoenix, although a heavy producer for years, appears to be only at the beginning of its productiveness." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jun 30 1907 p.38)

1907
"The new Phoenix 200-ton mill will be ready in December, when the concentration of ores from this promising property will begin." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Nov 15 1907 p.25)

1907
"Phoenix Mining Co...Smelting ore assays 35 to 40 percent lead and 10 oz. silver per ton, and milling ore, running 10 percent lead, with small silver values, makes a 40 percent lead concentrate, after putting 5 into 1. Has a 200-ton mill, on Carr Fork, with electric power, completed 1908." (Copper Handbook, 1908 p.1120)

1907
"The first concentrator owned by the Utah-Apex Mining Company was built in 1907 by the Phoenix Company, and had a nominal capacity of 5,100 tons a month." (Yeatman 1917 p.25)

1908
"The new 200-ton Phoenix mill in the Bingham camp is expected to be in commission this week." (Mining Science, Jan 16 1908 p.83)

1908
"The Utah Apex has a large force on development, the Phoenix mill is nearing completion, and will probably be ready within a month. The mill will have a capacity of 200 tons." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 18 1908 p.89)

1908
"Phoenix -- This company, operating in Bingham, has completed its 200-ton mill and the management expects to have it in commission some time next month. An important strike of lead ore has been reported from the mine." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 18 1908 p.186)

1908
"The Phoenix Mining Co. has just completed a 200-ton concentrating mill on Carr Fork, equipped with crusher, rolls, jigs, and tables, to be operated by electric power.... The milling ore will make a 40 percent lead concentrate when reduced in the ratio of 5 tons into 1 ton.... H.A. Gephardt is superintendent." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 29 1908 p.284)

1908
"The Phoenix mine and mill, at Bingham, Utah, are running three shifts and the results are proving quite satisfactory." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Apr 30 1908 p.29)

1908
"The new Phoenix mill in the Bingham camp was given a trial run during the last week of the past month. The run is said to have been successful, and the plant will shortly be in continuous operation at full capacity." (Mining Science, Mar 5 1908 p.259)

1908
"The Phoenix Mining company...mill is doing all and more than what was expected of it. The average tonnage now coming from the tables is twenty-five tons, and the management states that it runs about 40 per cent lead. The tables and jigs are working admirably and are making great savings. Operations in the mine are now being centered on some old workings which yielded much ore over fifteen years ago. There is still a great tonnage of mill ore left in these workings, and the company intends supplying the mill from this section of the mine for a time...." (Salt Lake Mining Review, May 30 1908 p.39)

1908
"In December, 1908, the Phoenix mine and concentration mill were taken under control by the Utah-Apex management and during 1909 the mill operated on ores from both mines...." (Mineral Resources of the United States1909 p.478)

1909
"The Utah-Apex Co. is now in charge of the Phoenix Mining Co., and the Phoenix mill has begun to turn out concentrates for the Utah-Apex Co. The mill at present is treating 50 tons of crude ore per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 13 1909 p.238)

1909
"Recent shipments from the Utah-Apex mine have been settled for on the basis of $22 per ton.... The smelting ore will then be shipped over the Boston Consolidated spur to the smelter and the milling ore to the Phoenix mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 31 1909 p.141)

1909
"Regarding the milling plant for the Utah-Apex, at Bingham, Utah, the Herald-Republican says: Complete reconstruction of the Utah-Apex company's Phoenix mill is in progress. It is expected that within six weeks a new modern mill of 250 tons capacity will be in operation, with the prospect that the capacity will be increased the coming year to 400 tons a day. The mill improvements were undertaken upon the advice of A.J. Bettles of the Boston Consolidated, Arthur L. Pearse of London, and E.P. Jennings of Salt Lake, who were unanimous in the opinion that by making changes recommended an additional saving of $8,000 a month could be made, allowing charge of 75 cents a ton for milling. A statement concerning the Utah Apex company's operations just issued by John W. Horne, treasurer, says: 'For the eleven months ending July 31, 1909, the gross shipments of the Utah-Apex company amounted to $325,000. In all 32,000 tons were mined. Of this number, 9,000 tons were first-class, and the remaining 23,000 tons produced 6,500 tons of concentrates....'" (Salt Lake Mining Review, Aug 30 1909 p.21)

1909
"During the past six months a large tonnage of milling ore has been treated at [the Phoenix mill], and, considering the size of the mill and the general condition of it as to equipment, etc., a satisfactory amount of ore was treated per day and as good a saving made as could be expected. Since August 1st this plant has been undergoing extensive repairs and changes, which will enable a better saving to be made and an increased daily tonnage handled. Every effort is being made to have these changes and repairs ready by October 1st this year, when we will resume mining and delivering mill ore from Apex ground to this plant. When the improvements are completed, this plant will be an up-to-date concentrator in every respect." (Utah-Apex Annual Report for 1909, in E.P. Jennings Papers, University of Utah Library, Special Collections Ms 101 Bx 4 Fd 7)

1910
"Phoenix Mining Co...is controlled, through a stock interest of circa 60 percent, by the Utah-Apex Mining Co., and is managed thereby. A 100-ton mill, with electric power, on Carr Fork, completed 1908, treats concentrating ore averaging about 10 percent lead, with small silver values, putting about 5 into 1, and making a 40 percent argentiferous lead concentrate." (Copper Handbook, 1911 p.1406)

Utah-Apex Mill

Built on same site as Phoenix Mill

1902
"[The Utah-Apex Co.] was organized in May, 1902 under the laws of Maine. It owns 33 claims covering an area of 254 acres...." (Wegg Thesis p.77)

1903
"The Utah-Apex Mining company of Portland, Me., with a capitalization of 500,000 shares of $5 each. The officers are: Charles Dunn, Jr., Portland, president; Edward W. Guptill, Gorham, Me., vice president, and Walter C. Orem of Salt Lake City, resident agent. The company owns the Petro and several other mines at Bingham, Utah." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Oct 15 1903 p.35)

1903
"Bingham Bulletin: Ultimately the property of the Utah Apex company will consist of twenty-one claims -- the York, Dana and Highland Boy Consolidated groups, also the Petro, as a majority of its stock is now controlled by the Apex company. The Petro and Highland Con. apex suit is therefore not likely to come to trial. When the consolidations are complete Utah Apex will be a most important proposition -- being located centrally in Bingham's great mineral belt -- and it will be operated on an extensive scale." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Nov 30 1903 p.30)

1904
"[The Utah-Apex Co.] will provide a mill, and to that end has bought a site. Manager Orem of the Utah-Apex and New Red Wing is rebuilding the flume of the Live Oak mill, which was burned several years ago." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 24 1904 p.215)

1904
"Bingham Bulletin: On 96 tons of ore shipped last week from the Utah-Apex returns show 3 per cent copper, 10.6 ounces silver, .26 ounce gold per ton and 26 per cent iron excess. Shipments vary from 25 to 30 tons daily, when teams are obtainable for hauling. About 50 men are employed at the mine, mostly on development work." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Sep 30 1904 p.31)

1905
"Production has been hampered, in the past, by the necessity of shipping ore by wagon, over rough mountain roads, but this will be remedied by building a 2,200' aerial tram, with a drop of 700', from the portal of the Andy tunnel to the portal of the Parvenu tunnel, and the construction of a 2,300' railway spur from the mouth of the Parvenu tunnel to the Copper Belt railroad. A 15-drill air-compressor will be installed, and the company plans building a concentrator." (Copper Handbook, 1906 p.1015)

1906
"The Red Wing and Butler-Liberal, recently taken over by the former together with the Utah-Apex, will form another combination of Bingham properties. W.C. Orem is perfecting the local arrangements for this change in affairs." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 17 1906 p.115)

1906
"The Utah Development Co., of which Walter C. Orem, of Salt Lake, is manager, will soon be in the market for a mill. This company owns the Red Wing mine, at Bingham, in which some extensive bodies of milling ore have been recently developed." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 18 1906 p.186)

1906
"The Utah Development Co., of Bingham, has been shipping concentrate to the Salt Lake smelters which netted about $10 per ton." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 20 1906 p.465)

1908
"The second class ore [produced by the Utah-Apex Co.] will have to be concentrated. What the Company proposes to do in the way of providing mill facilities is still undecided." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 17 1908 p.520)

1908
"Manager R.S. Oliver, of the Utah Apex Mining Company, recommends the erection of a 500-ton concentrating mill for the Utah Apex mine in Bingham, and the matter is now receiving attention from members of the board of directors. Forty tons of high-grade lead ore is shipped daily to the smeltery which brings a net profit of about $750 per carload." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 17 1908 p.781)

1909
"The Utah-Apex property, although adjoining the Utah Consolidated in the Bingham canyon, is not a copper property. Of course it has copper ores, but the bulk of them carry a prepondering value of silver and lead. The last 97 smelter shipments by the Utah-Apex Co. have aggregated 7158 tons, of a gross value of $152,600, or $21.25 per ton in silver and lead. The Utah-Apex Co. is now shipping 150 tons of ore per day and from these shipments is earning at the rate of about $1000 net per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 27 1909 p.438)

1909
"The Utah-Apex mill has been re-modeled and is ready to operate on a lead-silver ore. William Carreek has charge of the mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 23 1909 p.548)

1909
"The Phoenix mill was closed for alterations August 1st 1909, and the treatment of ore resumed October 24,1909. From this date until December 13th 1909 the mill has run continuously with the usual stops for repairs and holidays." (Utah-Apex Annual Report for 1910 (typed copy), in E.P. Jennings Papers, University of Utah Library, Special Collections Ms 101 Bx 4 Fd 7)

1909
Production was 200 tpd; "prior to a year ago 300,000 tons of copper sulphates and lead carbonates were shipped from the mine." (Souvenir of Bingham, 1909)

1909
"The old Phoenix mill, at the mouth of the Parvenu tunnel, was dismantled, and a new 200-ton mill built 1909, on the same site. The new mill is said to effect a concentration of 4 into 1, with a saving of about 77 percent of assay values, but was closed down late 1910. Production was at the rate of about 100 tons of silver-lead ore daily, April 1911." (Copper Handbook, 1911 p.1745)

1910
"The Utah-Apex mill is being entirely reconstructed and will have a capacity of 250 tons when completed." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 8 1910 p.89)

1910
"Utah-Apex. -- This mine has opened a body of lead-silver ore at 1680 ft. on the dip of the Parnell vein. The company has reconstructed the Phoenix mill at the mouth of the Parvenu tunnel and is treating 120 tons daily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 15 1910 p.194)

1910
"The Phoenix mill, which is at the mouth of the Parvenu tunnel, has been reconstructed by the Utah Apex company at a cost of about $35,000. It is now treating 120 tons of low grade ores daily, concentrating three tons into one, and making 40 tons of concentrate, having an average gross value of about $25 per ton. The mill has a capacity of 200 tons daily, and as a result of the new discovery in the Parvenu tunnel it will soon be treating that amount of ore. At present about twenty tons of first class ore is being shipped daily, averaging about $18 to $20 per ton. When second-class ore enough to run the mill to full capacity is mined, the production of first class will increase to about 40 tons daily...." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jan 15 1910 p.33)

1910
"Recent developments in the property of the Utah-Apex company at Bingham Canyon have so increased the reserve of ore that the management has decided to increase the plant to handle 500 tons of ore per day. On a recent shipment to the smelter the assay was 11 oz. silver per ton with 37 percent lead and 1.6 percent copper." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 5 1910 p.241)

1910
"Utah Apex -- The first shipment of 55 tons of ore made by the Utah company to the American Smelting and Refining company under the new smelting contract is reported to have carried 41 per cent. lead, 11.8 oz. of silver, 1.6 per cent. copper. The gross value per ton was $32.33. The 107 tons of concentrates which were treated under the old contract carried 32.2 per cent. lead, 8.4 oz. of silver and 1 per cent. copper, with a gross value of $23.29 per ton." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 12 1910 p.391)

1910
"The south drift in the Utah-Apex has been in rich ore for the last 150-ft., and from its strike it is thought that it will unite with the famous Dana fissure. The ore reserves have increased so much lately that the company is planning on erecting a plant that will have a capacity of 500 tons per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 12 1910 p.274)

1910
"A total of 150 tons per day is being mined, which is the present capacity of the mill. At present 90 men are employed in the mine and mill and on construction work. R.S. Oliver is manager." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 26 1910 p.487)

1910
"The ore, which consists mainly of lead and silver in a silicious gangue, undergoes crushing, pulverizing by rolls, sizing by trommels and Callow screens, is passed through jigs and over Wilfley tables. The slime material obtained from these processes is classified in Callow tanks, the coarse from the latter being then re-concentrated over Isbell vanners, a new belt machine put on the market by the Galigher Machinery Co., of Salt Lake. The concentrate produced on the tables and vanners falls into a launder having a conveyor by which it is taken to the foot of an elevator and discharged into a set of tanks where it is de-watered and dropped into cars. The concentration is in the ratio of 3-1/2 tons into 1, and the plant handles 165 tons in 24 hours.... The superintendency of the mine and mill is in the hands of R.S. Oliver, who has been in that position several years." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 7 1910 p.656)

1910
"The Utah-Apex is reported as being in splendid shape, and the company is now treating about 175 tons of ore daily, at its Phoenix mill, the concentrates averaging about 42 per cent lead, 10 ounces silver and 10 per cent copper to the ton. The mill output is about forty-five tons of concentrates, daily." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jun 30 1910 p.29)

1910
"The [Utah-Apex] mill is giving good results and is turning out from 50 to 60 tons of concentrates daily, which run about 40 per cent. lead." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 2 1910 p.40)

1910
"The Utah Apex is shipping 175 tons of ore per day to its mill and is producing about 45 tons of concentrate which will run 42 percent lead, 10 oz. silver, and 10 percent copper. While it is generally supposed that the company has a considerable amount of copper ore in its territory, no attempt is being made to develop it under present conditions, especially as it has prospects of becoming a really great lead mine." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 2 1910 p.22)

1910
"The capacity of the [Utah-Apex] mill has been increased from 138 tons a day in January to 180 tons daily in June. The ratio of concentration varies from three to four tons into one." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 23 1910 p.188)

1910
"The lead recovery has dropped from 80 percent in April to 75.5 percent in August. This is due to the increased tonnage treated, which has increased the load on the tables and vanners beyond their normal capacity. The installation of two extra vanners will remedy this in a measure." (Utah-Apex Annual Report for 1910 (typed copy), in E.P. Jennings Papers, University of Utah Library, Special Collections Ms 101 Bx 4 Fd 7)

1910
"Besides the first-class shipped direct the Utah Apex is milling 180 tons of ore daily in its mill at the entrance of the Parvenue tunnel, and is earning from $12,000 to $18,000 a month. During August 550 tons were milled. It is proposed to increase the capacity during the coming year." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 17 1910 p.573)

1910
"The Utah Apex mill at Bingham was closed Nov. 10...due to the limited capacity of the compressor.... During October, 150 tons per day were sent through the mill, as two shifts only were worked on ore. About 1200 tons of first-class and concentrates were shipped. The normal capacity is 170 to 190 tons of mill ore daily, and from 1200 to 1800 tons of first-class and concentrates per month." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 26 1910 p.1075)

1910
"The mill of the Utah-Apex company is undergoing repairing and overhauling. Recently a find of silver, lead, and copper ore was made in driving the Parvenu adit on this property; also, a new body of silver-lead ore was opened in driving on the south branch of this adit. It is said a body of copper ore was encountered in making a raise from No.7 level. During the next four months no milling ore, but shipping ore only, is to be mined. This will permit the use of the principal drilling force on development work." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 26 1910 p.726)

1910
"As reported in last week's issue, no milling ore is to be mined for several months, during which period the mill is to be overhauled and the mine development pushed with vigor." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 3 1910 p.757)

1910
"From 150 to 175 tons was mined daily up to Nov. 10, when milling operations were suspended in order to develop several important discoveries." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 7 1911 p.60)

1911
"A large body of shipping grade has been opened. This is a bedded deposit, and has been developed for more than 30 ft. in thickness. The greater part of this body will run 30 per cent. lead, and will be shipped direct to the smeltery.... The mill has been closed down nearly six months, and during this period the management has been devoting its attention exclusively to development, the only ore shipped being that which was taken out in doing this work.... The new fissure cut on the seventh level will furnish ore for the mill, which is to be started up about May 1." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 15 1911 p.779)

1911
"The Utah Apex company has found 14 ft. of ore running 30 percent lead in its No.2 workings. This company has been developing since the mill was shut down last fall and has blocked out a large tonnage of ore." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 22 1911 p.577)

1911
"The Utah-Apex at Bingham, after having closed down its mill for nearly seven months during a period of active mine development, has again started up its concentrator.... Within a short time the mill will be treating about 175 tons per day, it is expected." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 1 1911 p.23)

1911
"Milling operations have been resumed, after a shutdown of eight months, during which time attention was given to development. One shift is being worked, and is handling 60 tons per day, which will be increased to 175 tons. It is planned to make a trial installation of Richards-Janney classifiers, as soon as possible. The mill ore comes in part from the edges of the new body of shipping ore, but largely from the upper levels. It is expected to have the mill running at full capacity by July 1." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 15 1911 p.136)

1911
"This latest occurrence of [galena-pyrite] shipping ore has changed the plan of resuming mill operations for the present, and the entire attention is being given to mining and developing the new resource." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 17 1911 p.1224)

1911
"The mill is working two shifts, and treating 100 tons and upward per day." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 9 1911 p.517)

1911
"For the six months ended Oct. 31, 33,037 tons of ore and concentrates were produced, on which net profits of $77,266 were made." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 3 1912 p.282)

1911
"Our mill started up in June and is now running two shifts on the second-class ore from the Parvenue body. We expect shortly to mix with the ore from the Louisa ore body and thereby obtain much better results.... It is the present intention to open a stope on [the Louisa] ore body and put the mill on three shifts to treat the extra ore from this source...." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Nov 15 1911 p.20)

1911
"Stopes have been started [in the Louisa orebody], it being the intention to put the mill on three shifts to treat the extra ore from this source, which will be mixed with ores of milling grade from the large Parvenu orebody." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 18 1911 p.1006)

1911
"The [Utah-Apex] mill was put in operation in June and is running two shifts on second-class ore from the Parvenue orebody. Plans are made to mix with this ore from the Louisa adit." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 18 1911 p.668)

1911
"The [Utah-Apex] mill is now working three shifts, and there is a steady output of shipping ore." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 25 1911 p.693)

1911
"During November...there was shipped 1765 tons, net weight, of first-class ore, and 4524 tons of ore were sent through the mill, making a total of 6289 tons mined. The concentrates produced amounted to 1991 tons." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 27 1912 p.234)

1911
"The new [Utah-Apex] mill is said to effect concentration of four into one with saving of 77 per cent of assay values, but was closed late in 1910. The production was at the rate of 100 tons silver and lead ore daily in April, 1911.... Second class lead ores range from 7 to 14 in lead tenor with small gold and silver values." (Wegg Thesis p.77)

1912
"The Utah-Apex company is mining and milling ore from the levels below the 400-ft. level, taking the ore out through the Parvenu adit, which is on the level of the Phoenix mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 20 1912 p.156)

1912
"At present the output is 175 tons of milling ore and 100 tons of shipping ore per day." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 3 1912 p.282)

1912
"The Utah-Apex Mining Co. is producing from 100 to 125 tons of shipping ore and about 50 tons of concentrate per day.... The milling ore comes from the two levels above [the Parvenu tunnel], and is treated at the company's mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 6 1912 p.28)

1912
"The Utah Apex is shipping 200 tons of lead ore and 50 tons of concentrates daily. Extensive development work is being done, and large tonnages are being added to the reserves. During June the production averaged 183 tons per day, which included about 50 tons of concentrates. The mill is treating about 175 tons of ore daily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 3 1912 p.229)

1912
"For some time 50 tons of concentrate and 100 to 125 tons of crude lead ore was shipped daily, and this has now been increased to about 200 tons per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Aug 3 1912 p.159)

1912
"The Utah-Apex Mining Co...[sold] 82,064 tons of ore, 15,854 tons of concentrate and royalty, during the year ended August 31...." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 9 1912 p.611)

1912
"The strike of miners in the Bingham camp compelled us to close down on September 19, but we believe the suspension will not be of long duration." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Nov 15 1912 p.22)

1913
"In January the Utah Apex Mining Co. milled 9217 tons of ore and produced 1365 tons of concentrate, all wet weight. Receipts from ore sales were $39,769, and profit from mining operations was $11,147." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 15 1913 p.430)

1913
"Utah-Apex Mining Co. Runs day and night. Crusher, 40 jigs, 5 Isbell vanners. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, Sep 1913 #7)

1913
"Owing to the trouble with the bandit Lopez in the Apex mine, 225 men have been out of employment [since mid-November]. On opening the mine, after filling it with poisonous fume, the fugitive was not found." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 20 1913 p.987)

1913
"[Utah Apex] Company was planning, late 1913, to increase the capacity of the concentrator to about 350 tons daily. Production was at the rate of about 50 tons of silver-lead ore and 150 tons of concentrates daily, Nov., 1913." (Copper Handbook, 1914 p.928)

1914
"This property although erroneously supposed by many to be a copper mine and listed as such has produced lead-ores only for the past year except for the small remnant of 140 tons of copper ore removed from the nearly abandoned upper workings last summer. The lead ore is of two general types although only sulphides are now found -- one, associated with a quartz gangue, is readily amenable to concentration, and is treated locally in the company's mill, the concentrate only being shipped; the other, associated with pyrite and other sulphides, is shipped crude, local conditions rendering it more profitable to do so, rather than to attempt a separation. The mill is at present being enlarged from a capacity of 150 tons per day to one of 350 tons.... Shipments of crude ore and concentrate have varied widely from month to month during the year, not according to the capacity of the mine to produce the ore, but according to the ability of the customs smelters to handle the sulphides...." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jan 15 1914 p.5)

1914
"By April 1 the mill will be treating 350 tons of ore per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 7 1914 p.431)

1914
"We have also opened several new bodies of milling ore, and the directors felt warranted in enlarging the present mill to double its capacity, and we expect by April 1 to be treating 350 tons of this ore daily. It was necessary, by this enlargement, to close the mill completely on February 1, so that our earnings for the present quarter may also prove somewhat disappointing from this cause, but this will be only a matter of two months." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Mar 15 1914 p.23)

1914
"The new addition to the Utah-Apex mill at Bingham has been completed and was expected to go into operation early this month." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Apr 15 1914 p.30)

1914
"Dry-crushing section of mill, which has been under reconstruction by General Engineering Co., has been started, and entire mill will be put in commission early in April." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 18 1914 p.835)

1914
"Capacity of mill has recently been doubled." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 16 1914 p.1029)

1914
"The mill was shut down in February and March for overhauling." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 23 1914 p.868)

1914
"The chief cause of the small gross earnings is due to the fact that our mill was completely closed down during February and March in order to facilitate the work of reconstruction and enlargement and it is surprising that we were not compelled to close down for a greater period when one considers that we have practically a new mill, which is now completed, with twice its former capacity and with the efficiency over the old mill greatly increased. The mill is in operation, but as with all new mills, it takes at least a month to get turned up for good results." (Salt Lake Mining Review, May 30 1914 p.27)

1914
"The President made an exhaustive report of his recent visit to Bingham, in relation to the new tailings pond, by which he was able to obtain control of the property in having a three-quarter interest in same against one-quarter interest by the Bingham New Haven Company. Voted to ratify the action of the President in relation to the tailings pond, authorizing the purchase of the land and the construction of flumes, dams etc. and signing an agreement by which this company is to control and to appoint the manager of the tailings pond which is to be controlled by special corporation or trust with a nominal capital for carrying on the business. Voted that the offices be empowered to proceed with the organization of a corporation to carry on the business or a trust for the same purpose between the Utah-Apex Mining Company and the Bingham New Haven Mining Company with such agreements and other terms as may be approved by counsel." (Utah-Apex Board of Directors Meeting June 19 1914)

1914
"The Utah Apex Mill at Bingham, Utah, has lately been remodeled and now is the largest mill treating lead ore in Utah. It is treating over 300 tons of lead ore per day, or at the rate of 10,000 tons per month. The mill was designed and built by the General Engineering Co. of Salt Lake City. Ore passes over a 1-in. grizzly to a 700-ton storage bin, then to a hand-picking belt and then to the crushers. Coarse crushing is done by Blake-type crushers. Fines go to coarse jigs and oversize, over 1/2-in., to 16x36-in. Allis-Chalmers rolls, and is crushed to ¼ in. Product from rolls is sized into four sizes by Callow screens which take place of trommels. Oversize goes to fine rolls and is crushed to two millimeters, 1/12 in. Undersize from Callow screens goes to fine jigs. Tailings from coarse jigs are reground in two Hardinge mills. Part of undersize from screens is sent to hydraulic classifiers. Sands from classifiers are treated on Wilfley tables, and fines and slimes pass to Callow tanks, and are treated on Isbell vanners. Mill is equipped with automatic samplers both for crude ore and tailings. Woodbury jigs are used. Ratio of concentration if 4:1. First-class ore is cobbed on a picking belt between storage bins and crushers, and 10 to 12 tons of first-class ore is picked out daily. Ore reserves are at present largest in mine's history." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 8 1914 p.253)

1914
"New mill, which was designed for 350 tons a day, has been treating up to 425 tons, and is doing excellent work. Problem of tailings disposal has been solved by the purchase of land jointly with the Bingham-New Haven Co., which will accommodate tailings for a number of years. Earnings have been fairly good in spite of low price of lead." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 29 1914 p.416)

1914
"The new mill is doing excellent work, notwithstanding the invariable delays occasioned by tuning up any new mill. In the quarterly report for the period ending December 31,1913, it was stated that the new mill would probably be able to treat twice the present capacity, making 350 tons. This was more than accomplished, having treated as high as 425 tons of ore per day. This mill has been paid for out of the earnings and has been an important factor in the continuation of a fairly good showing of net earnings with the price of lead at such a low figure.... A serious difficulty has been overcome during the past quarter by the new arrangement with the Bingham New Haven company, the company has purchased a tract of 100 acres of land at a nominal cost, which area will accommodate our tailings for a number of years." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Aug 30 1914 p.28)

1914
"Utah Apex is working about as usual, treating 300 to 350 tons of milling ore per day, concentrating four or five into one, making 70 to 95 tons of concentrates. The company is also shipping about 100 tons of crude ore daily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 19 1914 p.547)

1914
"In enlarging the mill it was necessary to suspend treatment for two months, while the search for a bandit also resulted in a complete shut-down of the mine and mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 12 1914 p.933)

1914
"Ore shipped by the Utah-Apex company in December amounted to 4157 tons of smelting material, 9172 tons for the mill, and 3093 tons of concentrate." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 6 1915 p.237)

1914
"During September, 1914, the mill treated 8,253 tons of ore yielding 2,800 tons of concentrates, an average of ninety-three tons of concentrates per day. Operations in October will show a slight increase in tonnage of concentrates per day. The new mill was built to produce eighty-six tons of concentrates per day and it is expected, with recent installation of machinery, to bring the average daily output of concentrates up to 100 tons.... In June of this year, land was acquired in the valley north of Bingham Canyon for the purpose of storing our tailings. Earthworks dams have been thrown up and the question of tailings has now been disposed of for many years to come." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Dec 30 1914 p.17)

1914
"In the latter part of 1913 work on enlarging the plant was begun, and the completion of this in the early part of 1914 increased the capacity to about 300 tons per day." (Yeatman 1917 p.25)

1914
"Milling operations were suspended for two months on account of construction work in connection with increasing the capacity of the mill.... During the month of September [1914] the [Utah-Apex] mill treated 8253 tons of ore yielding 2800 tons of concentrates. It is expected that the recent installations in the mill will bring the daily capacity of the mill to 100 tons of concentrates a day." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 20 1915 p.371)

1915
"The principal feature of [1914's] history of this property...was the remodeling of its concentrating mill, and enlarging it from a capacity of 150 tons per day to one of 350 tons. This step was the result of the limit placed by the smelters upon shipments of lead sulphide ore, together with the development, during the previous year, 1913, of a greater tonnage of milling ore than had ever before been uncovered." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jan 15 1915 p.66)

1915
"The Utah-Apex mine produced 4082 tons of shipping and 9701 tons of milling ore in January. The latter yielded 3276 tons of concentrate." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 20 1915 p.460)

1915
"Utah Apex (Bingham) -- Net earnings for January, $22,129; gross receipts, $67,365 from sale of 4082 tons of shipping ore and 3276 tons of concentrates. Ore milled, 9701 tons, at cost of 66c. per ton. Shipping ore produced at cost of $2.70 and milling ore at $3.52 per ton." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Mar 20 1915 p.555)

1915
"In February the Utah-Apex Mining Co. made a profit of $18,056 from 3594 tons of shipping and 9873 tons of milling ore." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 3 1915 p.536)

1915
"Utah-Apex (Bingham) -- During February produced 3954 tons of shipping ore and 3139 tons of concentrates from 9873 tons of milling ore." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 10 1915 p.677)

1915
"In March the Utah Apex shipped and treated 3738 and 9890 tons of ore respectively. Operating profit was $10,920." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 8 1915 p.742)

1915
"Utah-Apex (Bingham) -- Now producing at rate of over 30,000,000 lb. lead per annum. Expected to increase production to 40,000,000 lb. by installation of flotation process at expenditure of about $20,000." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 19 1915 p.1098)

1915
"With the flotation plant being installed, the Utah Apex company should increase its lead output from 30,000,000 to 40,000,000 lb. per year." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 26 1915 p.1006)

1915
"The Utah-Apex, of Bingham, is making a splendid record in point of production, and a Boston authority states that the company should soon be producing 40,000,000 pounds of lead, annually.... It is stated that the Utah-Apex may add the flotation process to its mill practice." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jun 30 1915 p.28)

1915
"The flotation process for the treatment of slimes will make possible an increase of nearly 10,000,000 lp. a year in output of lead, with cost of less than $20,000 for installation. At present the rate of production is 30,000,000 lb. annually." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 3 1915 p.37)

1915
"In July, 1915, the oil flotation plant was installed...." (Yeatman, p.25)

1915
"Some changes being made at the mill. Settling cones being taken out and large shallow tanks installed, possibly also flotation machinery. Electromagnetic process may be employed later to separate lead and zinc. Daily shipments of 125 tons of lead ore and 100 tons of concentrates being made." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 31 1915 p.206)

1915
"New flotation plant for treating fines from 250-ton mill is in operation." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 28 1915 p.374)

1915
"A flotation process is being installed at the mill." (Mining & Scientific Press, Sep 4 1915 p.371)

1915
"The flotation section of the Utah Apex Mill at Bingham is operating and making a good saving. Magma machines, obtained from the Utah Copper Co., are used. These are 12-compartment machines of which the last four are cleaners. By running the machines in series it has been possible to dispense with the last four sections. The tailings run 0.2 to 0.3 percent lead. Flotation costs are about 15c. a ton. During July the mine produced 5738 tons of shipping ore and 9270 tons of milling ore. From the latter 2375 tons of concentrates were obtained." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 11 1915 p.452)

1915 Capacity of Utah Apex mill = 225 tons per day. (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 30 1915 p.687)

1915
"Report for quarter ended Nov 30, 1915.... October earnings fell off, owing to increased development cost and change in character of milling ore from lead to copper, also cost of flotation installation. Flotation system was installed and is working satisfactorily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 19 1916 p.373)

1915
"During 1915 the Utah-Apex company produced 4000 oz. gold, 560,000 oz. silver, 2,400,000 lb. copper, and 32,000,000 lb. of lead. The lead output is now at the rate of 50,000,000 lb. per year." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 25 1916 p.456)

1915
"Utah-Apex...installed 250-ton flotation equipment at cost of $22,000." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 8 1916 p.77)

1915
"Flotation was installed by the Utah-Apex at Bingham to replace vanners, using the Janney process, and a 92 percent extraction was made." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 8 1916 p.114)

1915
"[Utah Apex] Mine output for 1915 was 35,095 tons crude shipping ore, 77,792 tons milling ore and 5,372 tons copper ore.... ·1915
"In 1914, [Utah Apex] company increased the capacity of the concentrator to about 350 tons daily, and in 1915 a flotation equipment was added. The mill treated an average of 312 tons per day for the year ending Aug. 31, 1915: 35,825 tons of concentrates were recovered. Average cost of milling was 72.2c per ton as compared with 79.8c the previous year." (Copper Handbook, 1916 p.1171)

1916
"The Utah-Apex at Bingham, under the superintendency of Vernon S. Rood, is taking rank among the great lead producers of the world. It is now outputting at the rate of 35,000,000 pounds per year, at a cots of 3.6 cents per pound...." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Feb 15 1916 p.27)

1916
"The Utah-Apex, which paid its first dividend last year, is producing 100,000 lb. of lead monthly and the profit for January reached $70,000. The company has an efficient mill combining gravity concentration with flotation." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 19 1916 p.280)

1916
"The Utah Apex is now one of the largest shippers of lead in the United States. A contract has been made with the United States Smelting Co. for 300 tons daily of lead-zinc ores, in addition to the daily shipments of 300 to 400 tons of lead ore and concentrates to the American Smelting and Refining Co. at Murray." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Mar 11 1916 p.497)

1916
"The Utah Apex averaged 600 tons of ore daily in March, yielding 3,500,000 lb. of lead. Profits are $100,000 per month. The A. S. & R. and U. S. S. R. & M. companies buy the lead and lead-zinc ores. About 400 men are employed." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 22 1916 p.611)

1916
"The Utah Apex, at Bingham, is one of the largest lead producers in Utah.... Shipments are averaging over 350 tons of crude ore and 60 tons of concentrates daily. The flotation equipment, installed at the mill during 1915, has given better results than looked for by the management, showing a recovery of 90 percent of the lead." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 29 1916 p.796)

1916
"The character of ore continues to be of good quality and shipments are averaging over 350 tons crude ore and sixty tons of concentrates. The results of the flotation system installed in the mill during 1915 have surpassed the anticipation of your management showing recoveries of 90 per cent lead." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Apr 30 1916 p.19)

1916
"March operating profits were $107,936; silver production, 70,827 oz.; lead, 4,104,818 lb.; copper 260,072 lb." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 20 1916 p.923)

1916
"The Utah Apex is shipping 600 tons of lead ore daily." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 13 1916 p.717)

1916
"Producing about 4,000,000 lb. of lead monthly." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 8 1916 p.117)

1916
"Cave-in occurring on 1,300 level, June 16, caused reduction of over 200 tons daily in shipments.... Experiments for recovery of zinc are soon expected to bring results." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 26 1916 p.406)

1916
"President Haffenreffer reported that he is in conference with the Bingham-New Haven Copper and Gold Mining Company relative to the disposition of the contents of the Tailings Pond Company and which is owned jointly by the Bingham New Haven Copper and Gold Mining Company and the Utah Apex Mining Company." (Utah-Apex Board of Directors Minutes Dec 29 1916)

1916
"The ore available for milling was reduced to a small quantity, but development was increased threefold, and prospects are brighter. A smelting contract made early in the year entailed heavy charges. Zinc-iron middling is to be sold on favorable terms to the Zinc Concentrating Co." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 20 1917 p.106)

1916
"Milling ores during the period [spring months of 1916] were depleted rapidly on account of the increased production taking place in a short time, with an equipment not adequate for a simultaneous corresponding amount of development. The third and fourth quarters showed marked decrease in tonnage of shipping ores, and mill ore was gradually exhausted, until in October there was not enough left to permit of operating the mill. A new five-year smelting contract has been made, as well as a contract with the Zinc Concentrating Co. to treat 12,500 tons of zinc-iron middlings, so that it is expected that additional revenue will be available from the zinc concentrate of the ore, which has hitherto been lost." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 3 1917 p.243)

1917
"The mill is now being arranged for the treatment of ore by a combination of wet concentration and oil flotation." (Yeatman, p.25)

1917
"The ore of the Utah-Apex is a difficult one from which to obtain the best results, due to the intimate association of galena, zinc-blende, iron pyrites, and copper pyrites. While it is not difficult to separate the galena from the iron pyrites, and while the iron pyrites does no particular harm to the lead concentrates except in the matter of dilution, it is difficult to separate the zinc from the iron pyrites and galena, iron and lead being the objectionable minerals for the zinc smelter.

"Your concentrator at present is capable with the oil separation installation of obtaining good extraction when treating the silicious lead ores of the upper levels, but additions would be required to the mill in order to separate the iron from the lead and zinc minerals, or zinc-blende from galena.

"The difficulty of milling your Parvenu ore lies in the fact that that body contains a great deal of iron pyrites and zinc-blende, with lead ore. The upper portions of the deposit carry lead and zinc minerals, while the lower and western portion carries a large amount of iron....

"The old tailings used to run over 3.00 percent lead, with considerable quantities of zinc also, and this was cut down in 1916, when treating the upper level milling ore, to not over 1.00 percent lead. Of course, when treating Parvenu ore and attempting to get rid of as much iron pyrites as possible, tailings of high assay were produced....

"Your mill has had very difficult ore to treat, by reason not only of the mixture of minerals but also on account of the ore fed to the mill being of irregular composition, sometimes coming from stopes carrying lead ore with silicious gangue, then from stopes carrying lead and zinc with but little iron; then ore with little silicious gangue but carrying considerable pyrites, so that when the machines were set for one ore they soon had to be adjusted for a different kind and perhaps changed back in a few minutes for the first ore, all of which resulted in irregular working....

"In order to dispose of the tailings discharged from the mill and to provide against the contamination of the water in the creek, and to avoid lawsuits being brought by the farmers using the water of the creek for irrigation purposes, a tailings disposal plant of about 95 acres was procured about four and one-half miles distant from the mill. This is owned jointly by the Bingham-New Haven and the Utah-Apex, the former owning a one-quarter interest.

"These tailings, amounting to about 147,000 tons, are sufficiently high in lead and zinc to warrant their retreatment, and the question has arisen as to whether it would be more advisable for the two companies to erect a plant for tailings treatment, or to contract with some company engaged in treating the tailings of other corporations, and who have plants which can be moved from place to place....

"Tailings recently produced from what might be considered a typical milling ore are so low as not to warrant retreatment"

(Yeatman & Berry, Report on the Mining Property of the Utah-Apex Mining Company, January 1917)

1917
"The mill of the Utah Apex Mining Company at Bingham, which has been closed down since the fire and flooding of the mine some time ago [late in March], went back into commission on the 13th inst. About 400 miners and millmen resumed their positions under Superintendent Vernon S. Rood, and the big lead producer is again a scene of activity." (Salt Lake Mining Review, July 30 1917 p.41)

1917
"The biggest lead producer in the state and probably one of the biggest in the country is the Utah Apex.... Figures as to this year's production have not been made public, but for the year ending August 31 the production was reported to be in excess of 25,000,000 pounds of ore, while gold ores netted $185,000. (SL Tribune Dec 30 1917 p.3)

1917
"At the Utah Apex property operations were unfortunately delayed about three months by a fire which occurred in the mine during the early part of 1917. The total ore produced aggregated 118,694 tons, of which 101,057 tons were of shipping grade and 17,637 tons were lead ore of milling grade. The metals contained in this output were 3,551 ounces of gold, 396,989 ounces of silver, and 24,414,451 pounds of lead." (Mineral Resources of the United States1917 (BYU) p.195)

1917
"The ore occurs in bedded veins in limestone and quartzite. The property is principally a producer of high grade lead ore, but has mined copper and some zinc ore. All ores carry gold and silver and an excess of iron. The first-class ores range in content from 35 to 50 per cent lead and second-class ores from 7 to 14 per cent lead. The operation of the mine was delayed three months by fire in 1917, yet there was produced 101,057 tons of shipping ore and 17,637 tons of milling ore, which was treated in the company's plant, mainly by the flotation process." (Lewis & Varley, The Mineral Industry of Utah, U of U EES Bulletin No.12, 1919 p.156)

1917
"First-class ores carry about 2 percent copper, and $6 to $8 combined gold and silver values per ton, the second-class copper ores carrying about $3 per ton in combined gold and silver values. First-class lead ores carry 35 to 50 percent lead, with silver and gold values, and second-class lead ores range 7 to 14 percent in lead tenor, with small gold and silver values.... The lead mill treated 53,518 tons in the year ended Aug 31,1916, from which 16,947 tons of concentrates were recovered. The copper mill treated 2,010 tons. Average cost of milling was 72.2c per ton in 1915, as compared with 79.8c in 1914. In 1917 the mill treated 17,637 tons of ore, assaying 0.034 oz. gold, 3.76 oz. silver, and 11.37 percent lead. [Also includes a table of production for gold, silver, lead, and copper for 1915, 1916, and 1917.]" (Copper Handbook, 1918 p.1370)

1918
"President Haffenreffer gave an extensive report of his recent visit to the mine, giving a full report of his experiences, and findings of the mine itself, the mill and equipment, the personnel and the general conduct and operations.... His conference with Mr. Callow and his inspection trips to the mine and tailings pond with him , his instructions to Mr. Callow as to further experimenting regarding the separation of lead and zinc in our ores and also regarding the saving of metal value in our tailings pond." (Utah Apex Board of Directors Minutes Jan 10 1918)

1918
"The Utah Apex mine that was reported to be on fire the 1st of [June] is now working full blast. The 1,500 level, where the fire broke out, was flooded and the fire was stopped. The 1,300 and the 1,400 levels have been bulkheaded and the gas from the fire is now entirely out of the mine. The mill, which has a capacity of 450 tons per day, is now working full shifts, and the mine itself, outside of the levels that have been flooded, is working steadily." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jun 30 1918 p.37)

1918
"The metal output [of Utah Apex] was 6161 oz. gold, 644,551 oz. silver, and 42,811,805 lb. of lead." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 21 1918 p.838)

1918
"The metallic production [for the year ending Aug 30 1918] was as follows: Gold, 6,171 ounces; silver, 644,551 ounces, and lead, 42,811,805 pounds.... Last year's report estimated 50,000 tons of ore in reserve of 14 per cent lead and 14 per cent zinc grade." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Dec 30 1918 p.36)

1919
"From the standpoint of the lead producer the present situation is very uncomfortable.... The Utah Apex mine, one of the large producers of Utah, has been closed." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 10 1919 p.855)

1919
"The Utah Apex company recently resumed shipments, and expects to reach 500 tons daily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 1 1919 p.748)

1919
"The [Utah-Apex] company is devoting considerable time and attention to flotation. Both the local and Eastern executives are of the opinion that excellent results can be obtained from the use of the Minerals Separation process, particularly in the recovery of zinc, which heretofore has been figured as a worthless metal in the smelting of the lead ores. If tests now under way by the Minerals Separation Co. are successful, the process can undoubtedly be adapted to the present mill with a small amount of alteration and additional machinery." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 22 1919 p.756)

1919
"Production at the Utah-Apex is being steadily increased, and has now reached 500 tons per day. According to present plans, officials expect to have the output up to 1000 tons per day some time during the early part of the coming year. The product from the mine averages 12 percent to 14 percent lead, and also carries considerable silver. With lead at 6 3/4 to 7c. per pound and silver around $1.30 per ounce, earnings are excellent." (Mining & Scientific Press, Dec 13 1919 p.863)

1919
"The Utah Apex company...reported [to the State Board of Equalization]...the sale of 14,753,984 lb. lead; 7,671,742 lb. zinc; 2,257 oz. gold; and 195,715 oz. silver. This company is resuming milling operations, which have been intermittent for about a year, on Feb. 1 [1920]" (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 14 1920 p.468)

1919
"The mill is said to effect a concentration of 4 into 1, with a saving of about 77 percent of assay values.... In 1917 the mill treated 17,637 tons of ore, assaying 0.034 oz. gold, 3.76 oz. silver, and 11.37 percent lead. In 1918, 49,742 tons were milled.... Mine idle from May until late in September, 1919, when shipments were resumed. November outputs averaged about 500 tons daily. It is said that a large tonnage of milling ore is available." (Copper Handbook, 1920 p.1423)

1920
"The milling plant of the company resumed operations on February 1, 1920. It is understood that a large tonnage of milling ore is available." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 14 1920 p.241)

1920
"The Utah Apex Co. has again resumed milling operations. At the time the strike was called [Feb 10] this property was producing about 600 tons of silver-lead ore per day." (Mining & Scientific Press, Mar 6 1920 p.354)

1920
"The Utah Apex Mining Co. is now employing 285 men at its mine and mill. V.S. Rood, general manager, reports that the company is getting good results from the contract work in some of the large orebodies." (Mining & Scientific Press, July 24 1920 p.138)

1920
"The experimental operating units...are expected to be in working order early in December...which would mean milling at a higher ratio of concentration, a better recovery, a product better adapted for smelting purposes, a higher grade of concentrate, and considerable expansion in our operations." [also 1920 production figures] (Utah-Apex Annual Report Aug 31 1920)

1920
"In addition to straight smelting-ore, the [Utah Apex] company is producing a quantity of low-grade ore, which is being handled in its mill, and the silver-lead concentrate is shipped to the Murray smelter." (Mining & Scientific Press, Oct 23 1920 p.602)

1920
"About 300 tons of ore per day is being treated in the [Utah Apex] mill, where an oil-flotation unit was recently installed with excellent results. From 200 to 300 tons per day of straight smelting ore is also being produced. When the condition of the market for lead warrants, production can be substantially increased." (Mining & Scientific Press, Nov 13 1920 p.711)

1920
"Three hundred tons per day of ore are being put through the mill, and about 100 tons of concentrates are recovered from this tonnage. Shipments of first class ore are averaging about 300 tons a day. The surface plant has been brought up in recent months to a high point of efficiency and an oil flotation plant recently installed is said to be giving satisfactory results." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Nov 15 1920 p.40)

1920
"During the year [ending Aug 31 1920] various changes were effected in the flotation department of the concentrating plant, which increased its efficiency, and considerable attention was devoted to the question of a lead-zinc separation in the mill on a commercial scale." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 8 1921 p.68)

1920
"The annual report of the Utah-Apex Mining Co., covering operations for the fiscal year ended Aug. 31,1920, indicates that 109,578 tons of ore was produced, containing 2,731.58 oz. of gold, 352,663.1 oz. of silver, 22,300,652 lb. of lead, 788.142 lb. of copper, and 9,496,169 lb. of zinc." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 29 1921 p.251)

1920
"During 1920, the Utah-Apex Mining Co. produced 117,784 tons of ore, which yielded 1912 oz. of gold, 336,587 oz. of silver, 20,667,181 lb. of lead, 7,257,765 lb. of zinc, and 840,213 lb. of copper, the gross value of which was $1,634,516. The company estimates the value of its property, for taxation purposes, at $137,500." (Mining & Scientific Press, Feb 19 1921 p.273)

1921
"The local lead-smelting companies are being seriously affected by the decline in ore shipments, owing to the unsatisfactory condition of the metal market.... The Utah-Apex mine at Bingham, the largest producer of lead in Utah [has closed]." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 8 1921 p.68)

1921
"The Utah-Apex company has ceased shipments of ore, and is doing a limited amount of development work." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jan 29 1921 p.174)

1921
"The Utah Apex has suspended development work and shaft sinking as well as ore shipments, owing to the unfavorable state of the lead market." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 2 1921 p.606)

1921
"The Utah Apex has been making no shipments for a considerable period, and has also suspended development work." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 16 1921 p.685)

1921
"According to local gossip, the [Utah-Apex] company will resume mining and milling operations when lead reaches 5-1/2c. per pound." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 21 1921 p.726)

1921
Utah Apex mine remained closed due to low lead prices. (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 23 1921 p.152)

1921
"The mill ran continuously till the date of the shutdown, and has been idle since. Approximately 28,180 tons of ore were milled, and 5,904 tons of concentrate produced and shipped to smelters. Large scale experiments were started in the flotation department, during the period of activity at the beginning of the year, looking toward increased recovery of lead and silver, and the production of a higher grade of concentrate. These experiments were not concluded; but they proved that a new flow-sheet can be devised which will give better recoveries and product than the one now in use, and they will be concluded soon after the resumption of operations." (Utah-Apex Annual Report Aug 31 1921)

1921
"Mill: treats about 300 tons per day and has oil flotation plant." (Copper Handbook, 1922 p.1594)

1922
"The Utah Apex Mining Co., of Bingham Canyon, Utah, resumed operations on March 27. A contract has been entered into with the American Smelting & Refining Co. for the treatment of its ore and concentrates at Midvale." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 1 1922 p.545)

1922
"The Utah-Apex Mining Company is producing at present more than 300 tons of ore a day. The mines were re-opened about two months ago, after a shutdown of over fifteen months, due to a slump in the price of lead." (Salt Lake Mining Review, July 15 1922 p.19)

1922
"The company's mines are the largest producers of lead in Utah, the normal yearly output aggregating over 30,000,000 pounds. Copper runs about 2,500,000 pounds; silver, 550,000 ounces and gold around 4,000 ounces.... The mine is capable of producing 1,000 tons of ore daily. The mill, which combines concentration and flotation, has a daily capacity of 300 tons. Rich ore bodies exist on the 1,300 and 1,400-foot levels, while another great body of rich ore was cut on the 2,000-foot level in 1920. The general average of the mill ore in the mine is said to be 0.03 oz. gold, 3.5 oz. silver, 11 percent lead, and 8 percent zinc." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Dec 15 1922 p.10)

1923
"Arrangements are being made to increase the capacity of the Utah Apex mill, which is at present 200 tons daily, so that it will be possible to treat 400 tons. The mill is now making an excellent recovery, and a good ore shoot has been opened on the 1,800 level." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 24 1923 p.382)

1923
"The Utah Apex Mining Company will have the remodeling of their mill completed at an early date. The unit now in operation is said to be doing excellent work. When completed the mill will be able to handle 400 tons daily. Enough milling ore is already blocked out to keep the mill running to capacity for several years." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Apr 15 1923 p.20)

1923
"Remodel of the mill is nearly completed and operations are showing exceptional results, the tailings running about 2-10 of 1 per cent lead. Recovery is running from 95 to 97 per cent. The mill is handling about 350 tons of ore a day." (Bingham News May 12 1923 p.1)

1923
"The work of remodeling the mill is approaching completion. A recovery of 95 to 97 per cent is being made. The mill is treating 350 tons of ore a day, but this tonnage should be improved soon." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 19 1923 p.907)

1923
"Production during the first eight months of the present fiscal year is as follows: Gold, 1718 ounces; silver, 276,670 ounces; lead 14,730,695 pounds; Copper, 925,440 pounds; zinc, 5,494,282 pounds." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jun 30 1923 p.18)

1923
"The mill was entirely remodeled during the first half of the year. Flotation tests were completed, and a new flow-sheet adopted in March and April, the results of which have exceeded expectations." [also 1923 metals production] (Utah-Apex Annual Report Aug 31 1923)

1923
"In the year ended August 31,1923, Utah-Apex produced 128,771 tons of ore, of which 54,961 was direct...and 73,819 was milling ore. Metal produced amounted to 22,661,749 pounds of lead; 1,393,000 pounds of copper; 402,908 ounces of silver and 2569 ounces of gold." (Bingham News Dec 22 1923 p.1)

1923
"Mill treats 400 tons per day with 90 percent recovery by concentration and flotation, has Blake crusher, 2 Marcy mills, Akins, Dorr and Janney classifiers, Wilfley tables, Newberry jigs. Fagergren flotation machines and Portland filter. [Table showing production 1916 to 1923] Operations were suspended Dec. 1920 and resumed late in April 1922." (Copper Handbook, 1924 p.1767)

1924
"The Utah Apex has been steadily increasing production during the past few weeks. It is now milling 400 tons of ore daily and is obtaining practically a 90 per cent recovery. Its ore averages from 12 to 15 per cent lead, with some silver and gold. Present operations mean production of around 40,000,000 pounds of lead annually." (Salt Lake Telegram Mar 10 1924)

1924
"Our mill has been improved and enlarged, and its capacity is 375 tons per day." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Sep 30 1924 p.21)

1924
"The Utah-Apex Mining Co. at Bingham, Utah, has opened a new body of copper ore on the 2,000 level, the lowest in the mine. The mill capacity has been enlarged, and its capacity now is 375 tons daily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 4 1924 p.545)

1924
"At the end of 1924 the reserves [in the Utah Apex mine] amounted to 200,000 tons of lead ore, half of which was of shipping grade, averaging 13 per cent lead; the ramainder was of milling grade, averaging 7 per cent lead.... According to the company's report for 1924 to the Bureau of Mines, three grades of ore amounting to 172,731 tons in all were mined; 120,590 tons of this amount were milled and produced 41,536 tons of concentrate which contained 1,731.68 ounces of gold, 254,831 ounces of silver, 729,193 pounds of copper, 16,977,516 pounds of lead, and 5,096,139 pounds of zinc. It is doubtful if much or any of the zinc content was paid for, but the ores which averaged 25 per cent of sulphur and 22 per cent of iron received credit for the iron in the charge for treatment. The ore of shipping grade was mostly lead sulphide and amounted to 48,297 tons, containing 1,512.40 ounces of gold, 243,831 ounces of silver, 722,926 pounds of copper, 13,420,498 pounds of lead, and 6,158,892 pounds of zinc. Unless purchasers diverted some of this ore to custom milling plants, all the zinc was probably unrecoverable." (Mineral Resources of the United States1924 p.496)

1925
"The Utah-Apex Mining Co., of Bingham, Utah, is reflecting both the good price of lead and the satisfactory physical condition of its property. At present it is shipping at the rate of 1,000 tons of ore daily, carrying 15 to 20 per cent lead.... A new strike on the 1,800 level has been followed over 65 ft., with all sides in ore averaging over 15 to 20 per cent lead. This is regarded as the most important single strike ever made on the property. The 2,400 level of the mine -- through agreement with the adjoining Utah-Delaware -- is being developed from its neighbor's workings, and in this way the expense and loss of time of shaft sinking are obviated." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 7 1925 p.260)

1925
"The Utah-Apex mine, at Bingham, Utah, is now employing 700 men, in comparison to 300 six months ago. A large tonnage, equally divided between ore of shipping grade and mill ore, is being mined...." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 4 1925 p.573)

1925
"Work is being pushed on the 2,400 level in a heavily mineralized limestone. About half of the ore mined is a direct-smelting product." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 11 1925 p.619)

1925
"Output of the Utah-Apex Mining Co. for March and April was at the rate of 5,000,000 lb. of lead monthly. Also during the last sixty days more ore has been put in reserve than during any similar period in the history of the mine. This has been made possible through the discovery of a new ore channel on the 1,800 level which is now being developed on the 2,400 level. Operations on this horizon are being conducted through the 2,400 level of the Utah-Delaware Mining Co.'s property, formerly the Utah Consolidated mine. The Utah Delaware is a subsidiary of the International Smelting Co." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 20 1925 p.1015)

1925
"The Utah-Apex mine, at Bingham, has increased its earnings greatly by the finding of new orebodies. Strikes on the lower levels of the mine between the 2,000 and 2,400 have added greatly to the camp's activity. The mine has been producing about 1,000 tons of ore daily...." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 25 1925 p.144)

1925
"Ore production during the year shows an increase of 30 per cent over the previous record of the [Utah Apex] company, and in increase of 63 per cent in the gold, 45 per cent in the silver, and 20 per cent in the lead content of the ore. Totals for the year are as follows: Ore mined, 244,293 tons; concentrates produced, 38,847 tons; metal content -- gold, 8,854 oz.; silver, 906,189 oz.; lead, 45,828,820 lb.; copper, 3,989,081 lb.; zinc, 19,384,081 lb. The long-sought solution of the problem of profitable recovery of the zinc content of ores and concentrates is finally in sight. For this purpose the necessary additions and improvements in the mill have been completed. Henceforth, instead of being penalized, the zinc content will be an added source of income." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 30 1926 p.229)

1925
"The company is an efficient producer, recovering approximately 90 percent of the lead content of its ore, so that even on a market for lead as low as 7-1/2 cents a pound earnings more than sufficient to cover quarterly dividend rate of 35 cents a share were possible." (Salt Lake Mining Review, July 15 1925 p.19)

1925
"The Utah-Apex Mining Company has acquired control of the Utah Lead & Copper Company through purchase of outstanding bonds and stock.... This property is a lead producer with 102 acres, comprising thirteen claims, lying north of and contiguous to the main property of the Utah-Apex.... The company recently acquired the Bingham & Eastern Mines Company, likewise an adjacent property, and also the Pine Canyon & Bingham Tunnel Company at Tooele.... With the purchase of the Pine Canyon, Utah-Apex has acquired a valuable tailings pond site. Not only does this give it a tailing site, but also provides unlimited water facilities. It is not improbable that Utah-Apex will within the not distant future construct a concentrating plant, drawing its water supply from its new pond site, where the flow is in almost unlimited quantity." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Aug 30 1925 p.15)

1925
"Largely by reason of the high price of lead, the Utah-Apex Mining Co. is producing more lead than ever before in its career. It produced more than 40,000,000 lb. in the first ten months of its fiscal year. It is at present producing over 4,000,000 lb. of lead monthly.... A short time ago the Utah-Apex company acquired the holdings of the Bingham & Eastern Mines Co. and of the Pine Canyon & Bingham Tunnel Co. Utah Lead & Copper [recently acquired by Utah Apex] is a lead property and is expected to insure long-time production of that metal even after the immense reserves in the Utah-Apex mine have been exhausted, and the Pine Canyon purchase gives the company a valuable tailing-pond site, with practically unlimited water, which, it is expected, the Utah-Apex will utilize in the near future in the operation of a new concentrating plant." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 12 1925 p.420)

1925
"Improvements in the mill for lead-zinc separation are nearing completion. Zinc recovery should begin before the end of the month. Earnings, although reduced, are sufficient for the present dividend rate. The reduction is due to our output being curtailed in consequence of our controversy with the Utah-Delaware (formerly Utah Consolidated) Mining Company, which led to suspension of ore extraction in ore that we developed and planned to start mining some months ago." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Oct 30 1925 p.15)

1925
"The zinc-separating equipment of the Utah-Apex Mining Co. is being installed rapidly and should soon be turning out a product of 45@50 per cent zinc concentrate carrying 3 per cent lead. President Haffenreffer says that information has been received that a new orebody has been encountered on the 2,000 level in what is known as the Highland Boy limestone carrying fairly high-grade copper. This strike is now being developed, and should soon add to the daily shipments...." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 14 1925 p.783)

1925
"The property of the Utah-Apex Mining Company consists of 52 claims, 355 acres, located on the west side of Carr Fork Gulch, Bingham Canyon. It is a consolidation of various small groups of claims and properties among which the Minnie Mine, York and Petro Mining companies, Phoenix and Bingham Eastern are most important. The operations of some of these began in the early seventies, but it was not until about ten years ago that Utah-Apex became an important producer.

"The ore, which is a sulphide, contains lead, silver, copper, and gold in varying quantities and is found in fissure veins, and also as large replacement bodies in limestone. The country rock consists of quartzites and limestones with occasional porphyry intrusions.... Waste rock not used for filling is hoisted to the shaft collar and disposed of in Cottonwood Gulch....

"The production at the present time ranges between twenty and twenty-five thousand tons per month. Of this, sixty per cent is a direct smelting ore and is shipped to the Salt Lake valley smelters. The remainder, which contains excess insoluble, is treated in a flotation plant at the portal of the main haulage tunnel."

(AIME Guidebook, 1925, in Wilbur Smith Papers, University of Utah Library, Special Collections Ms 563 Box 9)

1925
"The Utah-Apex Mining Co. produced, according to a report to the Bureau of Mines for the calendar year [1925], 246,152 tons ore, of which 138,196 tons were shipped directly to the smelters, and 107,956 tons were milled, producing 30,713 tons of lead concentrate and 1,247 tons of zinc concentrate. Some of the ore was sold to custom mills which produced both lead and zinc concentrates. The lead concentrate contained 2,379.15 ounces of gold, 237,358 ounces of silver, 740,329 pounds of copper, and 14,745,803 pounds of lead. The zinc concentrate contained 39.42 ounces of gold, 3,264 ounces of silver, 46,566 pounds of copper, 55,227 pounds of lead, and 1,246,314 pounds of zinc...." (Mineral Resources of the United States1925 p.432)

1925
"Improvements completed early in 1925 raised the tonnage and later in the same year a process for selective separation of lead and zinc concentrates was installed. This is an important step as the zinc content formerly penalized by the smelters is now a profitable product.... The mill has a monthly capacity of 8,500 dry tons producing 1,500 tons lead concentrate and 1,100 tons zinc concentrate. A large new milling plant is to be constructed immediately. [List of metals production from 1916 to 1925.] Now producing about 1,000 tons daily. For week ending Sept. 11, 1926, 36 carloads of ore and concentrates were shipped." (Copper Handbook, 1926 p.1546)

1926
"The new lead-zinc plant at the mill enables us to recover and receive value for the zinc content of our ores, which was formerly not only lost but penalized by smelters. The president reported that this plant was working successfully, in view of which he authorized the installation of a new ball mill, in order to increase capacity. 'At present the monthly capacity of the mill is: Dry tons of ore milled, 8,400. Lead concentrates produced, 1,500 tons. Zinc concentrates produced, 1,100 tons. The installation of the new ball mill authorized by the president will increase the capacity 50 per cent.'" (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jan 30 1926 p.17-18)

1926
"At present and for a year or more the Utah Apex has been spending much money in the enlargement and refinement of its large milling plant...." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Jun 30 1926 p.20)

1926
"Directors of the Utah-Apex Mining Co. have reduced the quarterly dividend rate from 35c. a share to 25c.... This reduction has been decided on in order to pay for the construction of the new $300,000 mill from earnings. A decrease in the assay value of the mill heads was also another factor." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 10 1926 p.65)

1926
"Utah-Apex has completed its flotation mill and the new unit commenced operations last week, with the exception of the copper department, not yet finished. The company's earning prospects with the new mill in operation are undoubtedly brightened, inasmuch as ore values which formerly yielded nothing will now be returned to the company. This plant will separate the zinc and copper from lead ores, permitting Utah-Apex to realize on these metals at the smelters which pay for lead-copper-zinc concentrates on the basis of lead prices alone.... The company has hitherto been a very efficient producer, recovering approximately 90 per cent of the lead content of its ore, and there seems little doubt that recoveries will be improved with new milling facilities in operation. These facilities will, moreover, increase producing capacity approximately 50 per cent, and will make possible revenues which formerly went to outside refining and smelting interests." (Salt Lake Mining Review, Nov 15 1926 p.22)

1926
"[Utah Apex] production amounted to 35,310,657 lb. of lead, 15,377,216 lb. of zinc, 5,706,995 lb. of copper, and 822,737 oz. of silver; compared to 45,828,820 lb. of lead, 19,384,081 lb. of zinc, 3,989,981 lb. of copper, and 906,189 oz. silver in the preceding year.... Additions were made to the mill, which give it a total crushing capacity of 1,000 tons daily, and a fine-grinding and flotation capacity of 750 tons, divided into 300 tons of lead-zinc and 450 tons of lead-copper ore. The increase in zinc and copper production is expected greatly to enhance the company's revenues. From Aug. 31 to the last of November [1926], as a result of mill improvements, zinc output amounted to 8,312,673 lb. of zinc in the form of concentrate." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 11 1926 p.954)

1926
"Utah-Apex is employing about 600 men and is adding a 300-ton unit to its mill in Can [sic] Fork Canyon. The new unit will treat a lead-copper ore assaying from 5 to 10 per cent lead and 2 to 5 per cent copper, containing very little zinc but up to 25 per cent in iron. A large orebody on the lower levels has been developed. It is expected that ores as low as 3 to 4 per cent lead and up to 2 or 3 per cent copper, gold 0.05 to 0.10 oz. and silver from 3 to 5 oz. per ton, can be handled profitably. The combined tonnage will be about 650 tons, of which 350 tons is lead-zinc ore now being treated.... Milling operations have been standardized, and the present milling ore is lead concentrate, 55 per cent lead or better and 5 per cent zinc, and a zinc concentrate 52 per cent zinc and 1-1/2 per cent lead, are being produced, the zinc concentrate being shipped to Great Falls and the lead concentrate to Murray. Ores are crushed to from 5 to 10 per cent plus 80 mesh and 62 per cent minus 200 mesh. Concentration ratio is 6-1/2 to 1 on lead and 8 to 1 on zinc." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 21 1926 p.307)

1926
"The new lead-zinc separation plant at the mill enables us to recover and receive value for the zinc content of our ore, which formerly was not only lost but penalized by smelters. The President reported that in view of the successful results obtained in the working of this plant, he had authorized the installation of an additional Ball Mill in order to increase capacity. At present the monthly capacity of the mill is: Dry tons of ore milled, 8,400; Lead concentrates produced, 1,500 tons; Zinc concentrates produced, 1,100 tons. The installation of the additional Ball Mill authorized by the President will increase the capacity about 50 percent." (Utah-Apex Annual Report Aug 31 1926)

1926
"The Utah-Apex Mining Co. produced...for the calendar year 1926, 211,113 tons of ore, of which 68,978 tons were shipped direct to the smelters; 142,135 tons were milled and produced 22,346 tons of lead concentrate, 10,316 tons of zinc concentrate, and 806 tons of copper concentrate. Some of the ore was sold to custom mills where lead, zinc, and iron concentrates were produced. The lead concentrate contained 2,152.06 ounces of gold, 369,258 ounces of silver, 1,164,959 pounds of copper, and 23,244,182 pounds of lead. The zinc concentrate contained 245.08 ounces of gold, 24,400 ounces of silver, 271,578 pounds of copper, 455,852 pounds of lead, and 10,321,531 pounds of zinc. The ore shipped direct to smelters (68,978 tons), including 5752 tons of lead-zinc mill ore reshipped to a custom plant, contained 4,974.97 ounces of gold, 361,443 ounces of silver, 3,979,621 pounds of copper, and 11,647,211 pounds of lead. This ore also contained 3,430,133 pounds of zinc, of which only a small part was saved.... The property is equipped with a 750-ton flotation mill, which was considerably improved late in the year. The mill made chiefly a lead concentrate and a zinc concentrate from the lead-zinc ore, but in November it was also producing a copper concentrate. In addition to high-grade zinc and lead concentrates marketed, the lead-copper mill ore was sent to the lead section and the tailings to the copper section, making a copper product containing about 20 per cent of copper. The company also shipped nearly 20,000 tons of first-class sulphide copper ore...." (Mineral Resources of the United States1926 p.500)

1927
"The Utah-Apex mill [is probably the only mill in the country that is making four products: A copper concentrate carrying 25 per cent copper and 3 per cent lead; a lead concentrate assaying from 50 to 55 per cent lead and 4 per cent in zinc; a zinc concentrate assaying from 50 to 52 per cent zinc and 1-1/2 per cent lead; and an iron product carrying 40 to 45 per cent iron and from 3 to 5 per cent insoluble.... The ore is being treated by flotation and 90 per cent of the lead and 85 per cent of the copper, it is estimated, is recovered. Were it not for the mill, this grade of ore could hardly be mined profitably, and if it were, the copper would probably be a loss by ordinary smelting methods. Ores containing only 3 to 4 per cent lead and from 2 to 3 per cent copper can be handled profitably. This type of ore contains but little zinc, but runs as high as 25 per cent in iron, and from .05 to .1 oz. of gold and from 3 to 5 oz. of silver to the ton. Recoveries on lead-zinc ore are expected to average about 90 per cent of the lead and 70 per cent of the zinc. Ratio of concentration on lead ores will be five and a half or six tons of ore to one of concentrate, and of zinc, eight to one. The coarse-crushing department of the mill has a capacity of 1,000 tons daily, and the fine-crushing department 750 tons daily. The flotation department is capable of treating 750 tons daily -- 400 tons of lead-zinc ore and 350 tons of lead-copper ore." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 8 1927 p.64)

1927
"Utah-Apex Mining Company, operating in Carr Fork, Bingham Canyon, Utah, produced during 1927 6,375 oz. of gold, 611,866 oz. of silver, 27,516,000 lb. of lead, 6,426,878 lb. of copper and 9,058,041 lb. of zinc, from 266,841 tons of ore. Of this production 86 per cent was from concentrates, the remainder from direct shipping copper and from lead ores. The lead production decreased 8,000,000 lb. from 1926, zinc 800,000 lb., and silver 200,000 oz.; copper production increased 700,000 lb." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 26 1928 p.876)

1927
"For the fiscal year ended August 31,1927...the total production of ore was 226,841 tons, an increase of 25,000 tons over the 1926 period, and 86 per cent [or 195,100 tons] was treated in the company concentrator, the remainder being shipped direct to the smelters. Two-thirds of the direct shipping tonnage was copper ore and one-third lead and lead-zinc ore." (The Mining Journal Dec 15 1927 p.40)

1927
"The Utah-Apex Mining Co. decreased its output of first-class smelting ore nearly 50 per cent in 1927 but increased its milling product about 35 per cent as a result of improvements and additions at the mill. The milling product consisted of lead-zinc ore that was reduced to lead concentrate and zinc concentrate and copper-lead ore that was separated into copper and lead products.... According to a report to the Bureau of Mines for the calendar year 1927, the company produced 227,936 tons of ore, of which 36,200 tons was shipped direct to the smelters and 191,736 tons (122,285 tons of lead-zinc ore and 69,451 tons of copper-lead ore) was milled. The copper concentrate, 5,191 tons, contained 596.49 ounces of gold, 42,003 ounces of silver, and 1,902,932 pounds of copper. The lead concentrate, 21,960 tons, contained 3,185.23 ounces of gold, 383,861 ounces of silver, 1,673,264 pounds of copper, and 23,020,562 pounds of lead. The zinc concentrate, 8,477 tons, contained 212.88 ounces of gold, 16,878 ounces of silver, 193,022 pounds of copper, 267,835 pounds of lead, and 8,450,189 pounds of zinc. The first-class smelting...lead ore also contained 948,594 pounds of zinc, part of which was saved by flotation." (Mineral Resources of the United States1927 p.663)

1927
"During 1927 the Utah Apex Mining Company, operating at Carr Fork...produced 6,375 ounces gold, 611,866 ounces silver, 27,516,000 pounds lead, 6,426,878 pounds copper and 9,058,041 pounds of zinc. Eighty-six per cent of this production was from concentrates and the remainder from direct shipping copper and lead ores." (The Mining Journal Jun 15 1928 p.46)

1928
"It is agreed...that the [Utah] Copper Company in its use of the waters applied for under [Utah State Engineer] application file number 10155 will not take or use said waters so as to interfere with the use by Apex Company of its use of the waters developed in its own and other mining property.... That said waters at the time of entering the channel of Carr Fork Creek or shortly thereafter are used as a means of conveying away the sewage from Apex Company's property and the tailings from its mill operations. Said tailings and sewage being carried down the channel of Carr Fork and Bingham Canyon Creeks to Apex Company's tailings pond at or near the mouth of Bingham Canyon." (Indenture No.273 3 Jan 1928 in Mine Planning Dept. vault)

1928
"During the middle of February [1928] the tonnage changed from lead-zinc ore containing 7 to 8 per cent lead to a lead-copper ore containing 3 to 5 per cent lead and there has been a decrease in revenue even though the tonnage increased." (The Mining Journal Mar 30 1929 p.45)

1928
"Production for the year ended Aug 31 [1928: lead, 23,895,342 lb.; zinc 10,473,535 lb.; copper, 4,766,556 lb.; and silver, 494,599 oz.]" (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 8 1928 p.921)

1928
"During [1928] the Utah Apex Mining Company, J.A. Norden, manager, Bingham, Utah, produced 193,538 tons of ore as compared with 227,991 tons in 1927. The recovery of metal during the past year amounted to 6,209 ounces gold, 456,167 ounces silver, 22,118,979 pounds lead, 4,668,875 pounds copper and 12,379,131 pounds zinc." (The Mining Journal Mar 15 1929 p.46)

1929
Utah Apex Mining Co. In operation day & night. 5 McIntosh flotation cells, 6 Forester flotation cells, 2 concentrate tanks, 2 Dorr tanks. (Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, May 1929 #9)

1929
"Operations at Utah-Apex have followed a routine course. Production during the last quarter has been around 23 carloads of concentrate and ore weekly." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 16 1929 p.788)

1930
"The New Bingham Mary Mining Company...has struck two feet of ore, assaying from 6 to 7 per cent copper on the 1,050 level of its mine at Bingham Canyon. This discovery was made ahead of the lead-silver ore now being mined. Operations are conducted through the Utah Apex mine and the ore mined is treated in the Utah Apex mill." (The Mining Journal Feb 15 1930 p.48)

1930
"The New Bingham Mary Mining Company, Thomas Varley, general manager...is installing a new electric hoist in the Utah Apex shaft at Bingham Canyon, Utah, for the delivery of ore from Bingham Mary ground. Until this time ore had been handled through various chutes of the Apex company, but the arrangement was not satisfactory. The new hoist will make it possible to ship a carload of ore daily. It is milled by the Utah Apex Mining Company, J.A. Norden general manager." (The Mining Journal May 15 1930 p.50)

1930
"The flotation mill of the Utah Apex Mining Company at Bingham Canyon, Utah, has been shut down and the entire output is being shipped direct to the Tooele smelter. While not much information has been given out, it is understood that a slightly higher grade ore, together with a more favorable smelter contract, have had something to do with the shut down of the mill. The greater part of the ore is mined under the leasing system." (The Mining Journal Aug 15 1930 p.50)

1930
"Development work is being continued at the property, near Bingham, Utah, but production has ceased because of low prices of non-ferrous metals. Shipments of ore and concentrate amounted to 84 carloads during the two weeks ended Dec. 5, preparatory to closing. Within recent years Utah-Apex production has been steadily declining, owing to decreasing reserves." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Dec 23 1930 p.627)

1930
"The Utah-Apex Mining Co. worked its mine continuously in 1931, but its output of ore decreased 69,113 tons from 1930 as a result of low metal prices.... According to a report to the Bureau of Mines for the calendar year 1931 the company produced 32,761 tons of ore. Nearly all -- 31,729 tons (21,154 tons of copper ore and 10,575 tons of lead ore) -- was first-class ore; the remainder -- 1,032 tons of lead-zinc ore -- was milled in the flotation plant at International. The 700-ton company flotation mill at Bingham was idle the entire year...." (Mineral Resources of the United States1931 p.567)

1930
"In late-1926, an addition to the plant was completed giving it a capacity of 750 tons per 24 hr. This included a 1,000-ton crushing plant and a 300-ton flotation unit to handle the lead-copper ore. New equipment included Simpson crushers, Genter thickeners and MacIntosh flotation cells. In 1929, 157,118 tons (30 percent of the ore mined) were milled, producing 26,923 tons of concentrate, comprising 17,456 tons of lead and lead-copper concentrates, 148 tons of copper concentrate and 9,319 tons of zinc concentrate. [Lists metal production 1916-1929]" (Copper Handbook, 1931 p.1910)

1934
"As a direct result of the increase in the price of silver, Utah Apex Mining, at Bingham, Utah, has reopened its property and put twenty men to work cleaning out the upper workings. Whether the company will unwater the mine below the 1,600 level has not been decided. Leasers are shipping from the 175 level." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 1934 p.85)

1934
"During March, the Utah Apex mine, at Bingham, which had resumed operations hardly a month before, increased production to 1,000 tons a month and the number of employees to 55." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 1934 p.181)

1937
"The operation of your property was unprofitable after 1929, and in 1932 when the prices for copper, lead and zinc dropped below 6¢ per pound, all work was discontinued. The pumping plant was dismantled and the mine permitted to fill with water. In order to resume full production now, it is estimated that an expenditure of $175,000 will be necessary for dewatering and rehabilitation of the mine and milling plant. This would place the property and plant in a position to produce and handle approximately 750 tons per day which was its greatest capacity before cessation of operations...." (J.A. Norden, To the Board of Directors, Exhibit A, Feb 12 1937 ASARCO file, Drawer 34)

1937
"The properties of [Utah Apex Mining Company] and Utah-Delaware Mining Company were shut down in 1932 because of the low price of metals, and since then, except for workings in small areas in the upper levels of the mines, have been on a shut-down basis." (To the Stockholders, Feb 15 1937, ASARCO file, Drawer 34)

1946
"In the early days of the development of Bingham there were many mines that contributed to the tailings pond below Copperton. It is usually spoken of as the tailings from the Apex mine.

"An experimental mill was constructed near Copperton in 1904. This mill had a capacity of 300 tons per day. This was known as the Winnemucka Mill and its tailings were deposited near Copperton. This mill ceased operation in 1912.

"The Apex Mill which is located in the Lower Highland Boy District received its ore from the Apex Mine. It ceased operation in 1933. Below the present [1946] post office another mill was located known as the Wall Mill. It received its ore from the Starless Mine and ceased operation about 1913. All these mines have contributed to the building up of the tailings pond at Copperton.

"Through these early operations of these mines it is believed that much valuable ore was washed over the flotation mills into the tailings ponds and at some future date some means of reworkings and recovering this ore will be found." (JSD)

Utah Consolidated Company Mill or Utah Delaware Mill

Located in Pine Canyon, Tooele County, adjacent to the International Smelter.

Photograph of mill, probably 1922, in Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 20 1923 p.127. Another one, from about 1926 in Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 28 1926 p.347.

The [Utah Consolidated] plant is making a successful separation on a copper-iron ore, saving the valuable chalcopyrite and rejecting the worthless pyrite. The mill employs straight Callow flotation and is a good example of a simple and efficient plant. The mill is designed to treat about 1,000 tons of ore per day. The ore is ground in ball and in tube mills operating in closed circuit until about 80 percent passes an 80-mesh screen. The ore averages approximately 2 percent copper, 25 to 26 percent iron and 30 percent insoluble. The flotation concentrate averages 15 percent copper and the recovery varies from 90 to 92 percent of the copper content. The ratio of concentration is about 7-1/2 into 1. Flotation is carried out in an alkaline solution. Lime, to the extent of about 10 pounds per ton of ore, is introduced into the ball mills and ground with the ore. The flotation agent is known as XYZ mixture and the consumption is about 1/3 pound per ton of ore. It consists of a mixture of 60 percent alphanaphthylamine (X) and 40 percent xylidine (Y) to which is added about 10 percent thiocarbanalid (Z) to give the reagent a little more 'kick' and increase the grade of concentrate. The cost of milling is about $1 per ton...." (A Text Book of Ore Dressing, Robert H. Richards, 1909,1925, p.402-405) (Accompanied by a flow sheet and description)

1920
"During the past year, laboratory experiments for the treatment of the copper ores [of the Utah Consolidated Co.] by flotation, confirmed by an actual mill-run of 2500 tons, showed conclusively that a reduction in production costs can be made by milling the copper ores, which will make available a large tonnage of ore in the mine heretofore classified as too low grade to be profitable. Plans are being completed for a 1000-ton mill, which will be constructed during the coming year." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 10 1920 p.544)

1920
"Construction of a flotation-plant at an approximate cost of $500,000 with a capacity of 1000 tons per day for the purpose of handling the low-grade ores of the Highland Boy mine, will begin immediately. Officials of the Utah Consolidated company and of the General Engineering Co. visited the site near the International smelter at Tooele where they say an ample water-supply for the plant is available. The ore will be transported from the mine at Bingham to the new mill, a distance of four miles, by the overhead tramway which is in use at the present time for handling straight-smelting lead and copper ores. Last year the company leased a small mill and began a series of exhaustive tests. Recent development work in the mine is opening up copper milling-ore on the lowest levels in the Highland Boy and Yampa limestones." (Mining & Scientific Press, Jun 26 1920 p.954)

1921
"The mill of the Utah Consolidated is rapidly approaching completion but no attempt will be made to operate it at present, owing to the condition of the metal market." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 16 1921 p.685)

1921
"A mill with a capacity of 1000 tons per day has been built at International, Utah, and will be ready for operation in April." (Mining & Scientific Press, Apr 30 1921 p.608)

1921
"No shipments are being made at present, owing to the low price of copper; and no effort will be made to open the new mill until better prices prevail." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 21 1921 p.886)

1921
"The new mill of the Utah Consolidated Mining Co., near the terminus of the company's tramway from the mines at Bingham, is nearing completion. The results of milling-tests made last year on copper ores showed that a considerable saving could be made by concentration. Seven tons was put into one and a product made on which the smelter has given a favorable contract. Plans were completed, and in July 1920 construction work was started on a 1000-ton concentrating plant. The mills situated within a few hundred feet of the International smelter and alongside the company's present aerial tramway, which extends from the mine four miles distant to the smelter. The work on the building and installation of machinery has progressed satisfactorily, although the work has not been rushed, owing to the low price of copper." (Mining & Scientific Press, May 28 1921 p.762)

1922
"It is expected that the new 1,000-ton mill at Tooele will be working at capacity in June. Ore from the property at Bingham will be sent to the mill by aerial tramway, over a distance of four and a half miles...." (Engineering & Mining Journal, May 27 1922 p.936)

1922
"The new mill of the Utah Consolidated...which started operation the beginning of June is giving excellent results, and will gradually be brought up to its capacity of 1,000 tons daily. The mill is a Callow pneumatic-flotation plant and was designed and built by the General Engineering Co., of Salt Lake City. Ore is sent from the mine at Bingham to the mill by aerial tramway over a distance of four miles and this is stored in a storage bin of 1,200 ton capacity." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 8 1922 p.77)

1922
"The Utah Consolidated is employing a large force in its mine and mill, and is shipping 600 tons of ore daily over its tramway to Tooele. Much of this ore is being milled at the new milling plant, and the rest goes directly to the smelter." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Oct 7 1922 p.651)

1922
"The Utah Consolidated [is] shipping 800 tons daily to its Tooele mill, amounted to 83 cars." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 25 1922 p.961)

1923
"The new 1,000-ton plant of the Utah Consolidated company at Tooele has been in operation for some months on copper ore from Bingham." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jan 20 1923 p.126)

1924
"The Utah Consolidated is still shipping 1100 tons of copper ore daily, which is capacity of the company's mill." (Salt Lake Telegram Mar 10 1924)

1924
The property of the Utah Consolidated Mining Co. situated at Bingham, Utah, was sold on March 30 at foreclosure proceedings to the International Smelting Co., for $1,000,000.... This sale is the aftermath of the now famous suit between the Utah Consolidated and the Utah-Apex Mining Co.... At present, the mine is said to have 800,000 tons of low-grade copper ores blocked out. The company has a mill at Tooele, at which it is treating about 1,100 tons of ore of this character daily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Apr 12 1924 p.616)

1924
The Utah Consolidated Mine Co. at Bingham, Utah, now being operated by the International Smelting Co., which bought in the property at a sheriff's sale to satisfy a mortgage held by it, taken out to meet damages awarded to the Utah-Apex company, is being operated on a curtailed basis. The operating force is now 240 men, and the former daily output of 1,100 tons has been cut to about half.... This policy is directed by the Anaconda Copper company, which controls the International Smelting Co." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Jun 14 1924 p.976)

1924
"The Utah Delaware -- formerly the Utah Consolidated -- of Bingham, Utah, has since April been operating at the rate of about 550 tons daily, or at about half capacity. This company ships its ore to its mill at Tooele, the concentrate going to the International smelter at that place. The grade of the ore is low and at present prices curtailment in the production of the property is held to be advisable." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Sep 20 1924 p.470)

1925
"The International Smelting Co. is operating the Utah Consolidated Mining Co.'s mill, acquired when the properties and assets of the company were taken over, at its capacity of 1,000 tons daily." (Engineering & Mining Journal, July 25 1925 p.144)

1925
"International Smelting Company, Tooele Plant: ... Concentrator: This flotation mill is arranged in two units of 500 tons capacity each, one equipped with Callow pneumatic flotation cells, the other with Mineral Separation sub-aeration machines.)

1925
"The feed is maintained as uniform as possible by bedding, after coarse crushing at the sampling mill. Standard practice of ball mill grinding and classification is followed.

"With different reagent additions, series recovery of lead, zinc, and iron is made, as concentrates, by flotation alone. The lead concentrate averages 55-60 percent lead, the zinc concentrate 50-55 percent zinc, and the iron concentrate 38-40 percent iron.

"In connection with the concentrator a well equipped testing laboratory, provided with several types of batch testing machines and a Callow test mill of one hundred pounds per hour capacity, patterned exactly on the concentrator flow sheet, is maintained for ore testing and development of new processes." (AIME Guidebook, 1925, in Wilbur Smith Papers, University of Utah Library, Special Collections Ms 563 Box 9)

1926
"The Utah-Delaware Mining Co., now controlled by the International Smelting Co., has taken over the development of the Utah Metal & Tunnel Co.'s property. It is mining from 500 to 600 tons per day, four types of ore making up this tonnage. The principal ore is lead-zinc of a grade containing 8 per cent lead, 7-1/2 per cent zinc, 3 oz. silver, and 0.03 oz. gold per ton. In addition, a direct-smelting ore containing 20 per cent lead, 1/2 per cent copper, 4 oz. silver, and 0.08 oz. gold, a copper ore containing 4 per cent copper with accessory gold and silver, and a gold ore containing 0.4 oz. gold and 3 oz. silver per ton, with accessory copper, are being mined. The lowest working level is the 1,800. Ore is being mined from seventy-five different places in the mine and exploration is being extended. The new metallurgy of lead-zinc ores at the International custom concentrator has been a big factor in the recent success of the property." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 21 1926 p.307)

1926
"At Tooele, the concentrator is handling 1,000 tons per day. One 500-ton section and two 250-ton sections are in operation, one section on a mixture in which Park City ores predominate, one on the material from Utah-Delaware, Utah-Apex, and Bingham mines, and one on general custom ores. Three types of concentrates are produced, copper-lead, zinc and iron. Copper-lead and iron concentrates are smelted at Tooele and zinc concentrates are shipped to Great Falls. Grinding is 65 per cent past 200-mesh screen. Custom ores are drawn from bins proportionally and delivered to the dumping pocket at the mill." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 28 1926 p.346)

1927
"Utah's ore production for the first six months of the year ending June 30 [1927] shows an appreciable decrease because of lower metal prices. Bingham mines, particularly the Utah Copper and the Utah Delaware of the International Smelting Co. have curtailed shipments." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Aug 13 1927 p.264)

1929
"The [Utah Delaware] mine is now producing about 600 tons of ore daily. Of this tonnage, 150 tons is direct-smelting copper ore, averaging 3.5 per cent copper; 100 tons lead-zinc mill ore, averaging 7 per cent lead and 5 per cent zinc; 25 tons direct-smelting lead ore, averaging 20 per cent lead; and the remainder mill-grade lead ore. It is conveyed to the Tooele flotation plant of International Smelting by a 4-mile cable tramway.... Besides hauling Utah Delaware ore, the tramway transports 100 tons of Utah Metal & Tunnel ore daily. This property is being worked on a co-operative basis by the International Company." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Nov 16 1929 p.788)

1931
"Utah Metal & Tunnel is shipping a small tonnage of lead-zinc ore to the International Smelting concentrator at Tooele." (Engineering & Mining Journal, Feb 23 1931 p.190)

International Lead Plant

Not a mill, this was a part of Anaconda's International Smelter in Tooele County.

1924
"The Lead Plant treated 164,521.24 tons of ore and concentrates, from which there were produced 75,967,432 pounds lead, 3,897,138.58 ounces silver and 8,146.500 ounces gold. From the treatment of fume and flue dust there were obtained 500.84 tons crude arsenic, averaging 92.15 percent arsenic trioxide." (Anaconda Annual Report for 1924 p.8)

1929
"The Lead Plant of the International Smelting Company, Tooele, Utah, produced from custom ores 152,536,672 pounds lead, 6,356,611.11 ounces silver, and 38,163,637 ounces gold." (Anaconda Annual Report for 1929 p.6)

1930
"The Lead Plant of the International Smelting Company, Tooele, Utah, produced from custom ores 107,860,121 pounds lead, 4,543,644.76 ounces silver, and 28,299.920 ounces gold." (Anaconda Annual Report for 1930 p.6)

1931
"The Lead Plant of the International Smelting Company, Tooele, Utah, produced from custom ores 52,190,356 pounds lead, 2,027,790.58 ounces silver, and 10,808.662 ounces gold." (Anaconda Annual Report for 1931 p.6)

1932
"The Lead Plant of the International Smelting Company, Tooele, Utah, produced from custom ores 45,738,773 pounds lead, 2,294,649.41 ounces silver, and 8,665.222 ounces gold." (Anaconda Annual Report for 1932 p.9)

Explanation of Sources

The History of Smelting in Utah, by Leichter and Adamson, U of U Bachelor of Science Thesis, 1941, Sharon Steel Documents, Roll 39

Inter-Mountain Mining Review, 1896, SLC Public Library

Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, University of Utah Library: 1890 (4 sheets); 1898 (5 sheets); 1902 (5 sheets); 1907 (8 sheets); 1913 (9 sheets); 1929 (14 sheets)

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